DNA Structure and Replication
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Questions and Answers

What is the basic structure of DNA called?

  • Quadruple Helix
  • Double Helix (correct)
  • Single Helix
  • Triple Helix

    • What are the repeating subunits of DNA called?

  • Chromosomes
  • Amino Acids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleotides (correct)

    • Which nitrogenous base complements Adenine in DNA?

  • Thymine (correct)
  • Guanine
  • Uracil
  • Cytosine

    • What role do enzymes play in DNA replication?

    <p>They assist in unwinding the DNA strand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the cell cycle?

    <p>To ensure proper cell growth and division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there is a disruption in the cell cycle?

    <p>Diseases such as cancer may occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of a nucleotide?

    <p>Tri-ribose Sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which base pairs with Guanine in DNA?

    <p>Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which three number combinations could represent a single nucleotide?

    <p>1, 2, 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA replication, which bases are involved when a double-stranded molecule separates?

    <p>5 and 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would an abnormal Thymine (T*) binding to Guanine (G) be considered incorrect?

    <p>Thymine normally binds to adenine and not guanine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sequences could result from DNA replication?

    <p>5' AGTCAT 3' 3' CTGACG 5'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the first step of DNA synthesis?

    <p>An enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of DNA synthesis?

    <p>It creates an exact copy to ensure new cells have DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step in DNA synthesis involves the attachment of nucleotides?

    <p>New nucleotides are added to the template.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you observe when a model of DNA synthesis shows two double helices being formed?

    <p>DNA replication is taking place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly represents the placement of helicase during DNA replication?

    <p>Between red licorice and orange hard candy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for DNA replication?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is produced through mitosis?

    <p>Somatic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes does the Yellow Fever Mosquito have after mitosis?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three phases of interphase in order?

    <p>G1, S, G2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the cell cycle does cytokinesis occur?

    <p>During M phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes cell growth?

    <p>Occurs during interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is characterized by uncontrolled cell division leading to the formation of cancer cells?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a clump of abnormal cancer cells?

    <p>Tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the cell immediately after the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the cell in Stage II after G1 phase with a DNA mass of 3N?

    <p>The cell is in G2 phase and preparing for mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the expected outcome if a scientist successfully prevents mitosis in cancer cells?

    <p>The cells will halt their uncontrolled division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change occurs in skin cells due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation?

    <p>Cells experience mutations causing uncontrolled division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes DNA replication during the S phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>The amount of DNA doubles in preparation for cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a process that does not occur during normal cell division?

    <p>Uncontrolled cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    DNA Structure

    • DNA is composed of repeating subunits called nucleotides.
    • Each nucleotide consists of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
    • The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).
    • Adenine pairs with thymine (A-T), and guanine pairs with cytosine (G-C) through hydrogen bonds.
    • The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structure of DNA.

    DNA Replication

    • DNA replication is the process of creating an identical copy of a DNA molecule.
    • The process is essential for cell division, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information.
    • Enzymes play crucial roles in DNA replication:
      • Helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases, separating the two strands of DNA.
      • DNA polymerase attaches new nucleotides to the template strand, following the base pairing rules (A-T, G-C).
    • The result of DNA replication is two identical DNA molecules.

    Cell Cycle

    • The cell cycle is a series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells.
    • The cell cycle is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction of organisms.
    • The cell cycle consists of two main phases:
      • Interphase: The phase where the cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares for division.
        • Interphase is further divided into three subphases:
          • G1 phase: Cell growth and normal metabolic functions.
          • S phase: DNA replication occurs.
          • G2 phase: Preparation for mitosis.
      • M phase: The phase of nuclear division (mitosis) and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis).
        • Mitosis consists of four phases:
          • Prophase: Condensation of chromosomes, nuclear envelope breakdown.
          • Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equator.
          • Anaphase: Chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles.
          • Telophase: Daughter chromosomes reach the poles, nuclear envelope reforms.
        • Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two daughter cells.

    Cancer

    • Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell division, leading to the formation of tumors.
    • Cancer cells have disruptions in the cell cycle, causing them to grow and divide uncontrollably.
    • These disruptions can be caused by mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the structure and replication of DNA. This quiz covers essential concepts such as nucleotide composition, base pairing, and the role of enzymes in replication. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of molecular biology concepts.

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