HMS14(Term2) Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences PDF

84 HMS14(Term2) Disciplines and Ideas in… Progress 58% Adrielle Dennise... 70% HMS14(Term2) Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Scie...

84 HMS14(Term2) Disciplines and Ideas in… Progress 58% Adrielle Dennise... 70% HMS14(Term2) Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences SY 2… Basic Concepts and Principles, and Applications of Dominant Approaches in the … Syllabus l Previous Continue Start ding the ocial Discussion Part III (Nov 20) Assessments es of bASIC CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES, es and Its APPLICATIONS OF DOMINANT APPROACHES Resources cepts and IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES d of The last three theories to be discussed: Students proaches Sciences 1. Feminism Teachers 2. Hermeneutical Phenomenology utcomes 3. Human-Environmental Systems Seating3:chart ssessment On nce Theories Part I (Oct 23 & Overview Attendance ural onalism “I do not wish [women] to have power over men; but over themselves.” m My Classes -Mary Wollstonecraft, Feminism advocate lic tionism TOPIC GUIDE QUESTIONS g:HMS14(Term… On Structural sm, Marxism & Feminist theory How did feminist theory evolve as one of the Disciplines nteractionism dominant approaches in the social sciences? and Ideas in 1: Lesson 1 to the Social In what ways does it complement and/or Sciences SY challenge traditional approaches in the social Part II 6) 2023-2024 sciences? oanalysis Did feminism transform the social sciences? al Choice Hermeneutical Phenomenology What is hermeneutics? 2023-2024 Student ionalism What is the difference between descriptive Schoolbook phenomenology and hermeneutic or Part III (Nov 20) Orientation interpretive phenomenology? sm Is hermeneutical phenomenology a method neutical of research or a theoretical viewpoint or menology orientation? HMS-14 21st -Environmental Century ms Human-Environment system What is the human-environment system Literature approach in the social sciences? tive [First Output Semester AY Why is it important to understand the 2023-2024 reciprocal relationship or mutual dependence between human and environmental systems? HMS14 How useful and relevant is the human- Introduction to environmental and social issues? World Religions and Belief Systems FEMINIST THEORY - T1 2324 Feminism is an ideology of women’s quest for social justice, equality and rights. The feminist movement emerged from different waves wherein revolutionary women fought for their HMS14 Ms. inequality with the other gender. This theory often reject that women are not just best left in the PEDRO- kitchen but can also intervene and can be equal with men. Due to the patriarchal society’s UNDERSTAN… CULTURE, dominance where men are the head of government, the treatment for women are seen to be SOCIETY, & just a subordinate role with no power in decision making and viewed as a weak individual that POLITICS S.Y. can only work inside the houses. In the past, when women did find opportunities to leave their 2023-2024 house and gain employment, the jobs offered to them were limited to being a secretary or TERM 1 nurse. Hence, feminism wants to consider the equality in gender, economics, politics, race and even nationality. Foremost theoretician: My Groups · Mary Wollstonecraft Practical Significances: GROUP 2 a. Feminism gave not just the new perspective on root cause of social inequality and injustice but also the rights of women to education, choosing a profession and acquire freedom with no limitations in the career similar to men (right to life, property, pursuit of happiness and suffrage). Group 2 It is also adaptive to the contemporary issues as it brought legal changes that benefited many women. Group 2A b. Feminism is not just about women. Although erasing stereotypes and standards of who women are and what we do is a large part of the feminist agenda, feminism also encompasses fighting for the removal of expectations and standards about what men are supposed to be. Park Group Feminism works to foster a society that does not associate activities, clothes or any distinctions with any gender. Shortcuts Criticisms: a. As feminism strengthens, a new form of oppression rises. The strong advocacy of feminism Portal may cause another discrimination to other gender such having a househusband, women are overpowering men’s responsibility or job and seeking men to be slaves. It only shows that through feminism, they can suppress the role of men and their duties as a father or partner. Registrar b. The main weakness of feminist theories is that they are from a woman centered viewpoint. While the theories also mention social problems not strictly related to women, it still comes from that viewpoint. This creates a weakness of perspective, men Aklatang and women do see the world differently. Emilio Aguinaldo Historical Roots Unlike the other dominant approaches in the social sciences, feminism did not evolve out of any of the sub-fields in the discipline of the social sciences. According to Randall (2002), DLSUD Senior feminism originated outside of the academia as the ideology of a critical and disruptive social High School movement. As such its absorption into social, let alone political, science has been partial and selective and there remains quite a gulf between feminism out there and feminist political science. The feminist movement emerged from the two waves wherein revolutionary women fought for their equality with the other gender. First Wave Feminism: Women’s Suffrage and The Seneca Falls Convention DEMONS AME VOTEStoWOMEN ombearue Women'sFreedBL IC APU OMEN DEMONSTRA'VOTenES'sFroeeSdoWmLeague ESSEXHAIWomAPUBLIC -DEMONSTRATION ESSEXHALL, Sunnin" M.DESPARDM.WINEWELLER HOLMES VIRUSIONC The Women behind the Women’s Suffrage and The Seneca Falls Convention Women at Work * Women began to enter the workplace in greater numbers following the Great Depression, when many male breadwinners lost their jobs, forcing women to find “women’s work” in lower paying but more stable careers like housework, teaching and secretarial roles. * During World War II, many women actively participated in the military or found work in industries previously reserved for men, making Rosie the Riveter a feminist icon. Following the civil rights movement, women sought greater participation in the workplace, with equal pay at the forefront of their efforts. * The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was among the first efforts to confront this still-relevant issue. Second Wave of Feminism * Despite of the first movement, cultural obstacles still remained, and with the 1963 publication of The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan—who later co-founded the National Organization for Women—argued that women were still relegated to unfulfilling roles in homemaking and child care. By this time, many people had started referring to feminism as “women’s liberation.” * The emergence of radical feminism and the women’s liberation movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s ushered in a new political perspective within feminism. This new political feminism was grounded in women’s experience of the limitations of equal rights, of their marginalization in left-wing and radical male-dominated movements and above all in the advances of knowledge and understanding made by women over the decades since access to education has been opened up. * The women’s liberation movement’s ultimate goal is to “expose the whole gender-based system of sexism and patriarchal power expressed in social, economic and political structures; in language and cultural images of men and women; in the alienation of women in the bodies. The repression of their sexuality and male control of women’s reproduction and in male violence against women.” The Equal Rights Amendment, which sought legal equality for women and banned discrimination on the basis of sex, was passed by Congress in 1972 (but, following a conservative backlash, was never ratified by enough states to become law). One year later, feminists celebrated the Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade, the landmark ruling that guaranteed a woman’s right to choose an abortion. Basic Concept With the resurgence of feminism from the late 1960s, three strands of feminism were predominant, namely, liberal feminism, Marxist feminism and radical feminism. a. Liberal Feminism * It followed existing liberal thought and its logic of individual rationality, the public-private distinction and the reformability of institutions. Marxist and radical feminism would critique liberal feminism as too limited and too accepting of the system with its inherent structural inequalities and so, by implication as elitist. b. Marxist feminism * it is built on the tenets of Marxism particularly on the critique of how women’s oppression was functional and necessary to the development of capitalism. c. Radical feminism * It pushed the limits of the feminist agenda by identifying the sex war as the most basic political struggle and pointing to the private sphere as the terrain where women’s oppression was founded. It exposed male power or patriarchy on the contexts of rape, domestic violence and sexual abuse. * Since there are many variants of feminism, it would follow that there is no one form of feminist theory. Chafetz (1997) describes the term feminist theory as referring to a myriad kind of works, produces by movement activist and scholars in a variety of disciplines. According to Acker (1990) institutions are gendered when advantage and disadvantage, exploitation and control, action and emotion, meaning and identity, are patterned through and in terms of a distinction between male and female, masculine and feminine. Gender is not an addition to ongoing process, conceived as gender neutral. Rather, it is an integral part of those processes. HERMENEUTICAL PHENOMENOLOGY Historical Roots * The term hermeneutics covers both the first order art and the second order theory of understanding and interpretation of linguistic and non-linguistic expressions. As a theory of interpretation, the hermeneutic tradition stretches all the way back to ancient Greek philosophy. * An introduction to Hermeneutic Phenomenology In the course of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, hermeneutics emerges as a crucial branch of Biblical studies. * Later on, it comes to include the study of ancient and classic cultures. With the emergence of German romanticism and idealism the status of hermeneutics changes and it turns philosophical. It is no longer conceived as a methodological or didactic aid for other disciplines, but turns to the conditions of possibility for symbolic communication as such. The question “How to read?” is replaced by the question, “How do we communicate at all?” Without such a shift, initiated by Friedrich Schleiermacher, Wilhelm Dilthey, and others, it is impossible to envisage the ontological turn in hermeneutics that, in the mid-1920s, was triggered by Martin Heidegger's Sein und Zeit and carried on by his student Hans-Georg Gadamer. Now, hermeneutics is not only about symbolic communication. Its area is even more fundamental: that of human life and existence as such. It is in this form, as an interrogation into the deepest conditions for symbolic interaction and culture in general, that hermeneutics has provided the critical horizon for many of the most intriguing discussions of contemporary philosophy, both within an Anglo-American context (Rorty, McDowell, Davidson) and within a more Continental discourse. Fundamental Concept To better understand this method, one should use this method. It is necessary to understand the fundamental concepts. Phenomenon, Logos and Hermeneutics are three keywords that by understanding them one can get a picture of Heidegger’s method in Being and Time. 1. Phenomenon * Phainesthai (Greek word) meaning, “to show itself”. * the meaning of the expression “phenomenon” is established as what shows itself in itself, what is manifest. 2. Logos * Logos through time has been translated and therefore interpreted, as reason, judgment, concept, definition, ground, and relation. Logos as speech means to make manifest “what is being talked about” in speech 3. Hermeneutics * Historical phenomena (or the world outside) is interpreted differently in proper context through one’s consciousness In Heidegger's view, hermeneutics is not a matter of understanding linguistic communication. Nor is it about providing a methodological basis for the human sciences. As far as Heidegger is concerned, hermeneutics is ontology; it is about the most fundamental conditions of man's being in the world. Edmund Husserl Martin Heidegger Descriptive Phenomenology or transcendental phenomenology was developed by Edmund Husserl. In principle, he believed that the observer could transcend the phenomena and meaning being investigated to take a global view of the essences discovered; the objectivity of the meanings of human experiences. * According to him, the key to the study of phenomenon was through consciousness and in intentional grasping of the ultimate essences of the unique experience. However, identification of the essences required phenomenological reduction or to set aside all previous habits of thought, see through and break down the mental barriers which these habits have set along the horizons of our thinking and to learn to see what stands before our eyes. This process has become known as bracketing which claims to remove distortion of perception, by enabling a refraining from judgment through the process of bracketing. Heidegger’s interpretive phenomenology was and is also known as hermeneutic phenomenology or existential phenomenology. It is defined as the interpretation of text or language by an observer, or the art and science of interpretation, especially as it applies to text, hermeneutics can be used as a methodology or as an enhancement of phenomenology, hence the interpretive phenomenology. Heidegger views that the observer could not remove him/herself from the process of essence-identification that he or she existed with the phenomena and the essences. What is central to his view was the use of language and the interpretation of a person’s meaning-making, their attribution of meaning to phenomena. He suggested that a philosopher cannot investigate things in their appearance to identify their essences while remaining neutral or detached from the things. This means that it is not possible to bracket off the way one identifies the essence of a phenomenon. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT SYSTEM Historical Roots * The use of the term human systems or social systems ranging from society to individuals can be traced as far back as the time of the ancient Greeks, while the use of the term environmental systems began in the early Nineteenth Century. Human-environment interactions existed since time immemorial, but the scope and intensity of these interactions have increased significantly since the Industrial Revolution. Whereas most of the early human-environment interactions have taken place at a local/national scale, contemporary interactions between human and natural systems have not only reached regional, sub-regional, continental and global scales but have also become special concerns. Basic Concept 1. Humans * Have the capacity to interact with the environment. * They also have the capacity to change or influence the balance of the society. 2. Environment * It is a complex of many variables which surrounds man as well as the living organisms * It includes water, air and land and interrelationships which exists among all organisms. 3. Systems * It is described as a complex of interacting components together with the relationships among them that permit the identification of a boundary- maintaining entity or process. The Human-Environment Systems (HES) in the social sciences is an interdisciplinary approach in the social sciences. It bridges the gap between, and integrate knowledge from, the social and natural sciences within one framework in the study of environment and social issues. It refers to the interaction of human systems with corresponding environmental or technological systems. The HES approach conceptualizes mutual dependence as two different systems that exist in essential dependences and reciprocal endorsement. HES is also referred as the “coupled human environment system” or the coupled human and natural system” or CHANS. It acknowledges that fact the humans, as users, actors and managers are not external but integral elements of the human-environment system. Humans become duty bearers themselves who must share the responsibility for the sustainability of the human-environment system. The science of CHANS builds on but moves beyond previous work such as human ecology, ecological anthropology, and environmental geography. Central Features of HES or CHANS 1. CHANS research focuses on the patterns and processes that link human and natural systems 2. CHANS research, such as integrated assessment of climate change, emphasizes reciprocal interactions and feedbacks – both the effects of human on the environment and the effects of the environment on humans. Understanding within scale and cross scale interactions between human and natural components is a major challenge for the science of CHANS Please sign in to view this file. Sign in Please sign in to view this file. Sign in References: A. Books Dela Cruz, A. et.al. (2016). The padayon series: Disciplines and ideas in the social sciences. Phoenix Publishing House DIWA Publishing Inc. (2017). DIWA senior high school series: Disciplines and ideas in the social sciences. Author. Eguia, C. et.al. (2014). Bridging the gaps in society: Political science in the philippine setting (2nd ed.). Jimczyville Publications Jose, M. & Ong, J. (2017). Disciplines and ideas in the social sciences. Vibal Group Publishing Inc. Pawilen, G. T. & Pawilen, R. M. (2019). Disciplines and ideas in the social sciences for senior high school. C & E Publishing, Inc. Tatel Jr., C. P. (2016). Disciplines and ideas in the social sciences (1st ed.). REX Book Store, Inc. B. Online Department of Education (2014, February). K to 12 senior high school humanities and social sciences strand: Disciplines and ideas in the social sciences. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Disciplines-and-Ideas-in-the-Social-Sciences.pdf Introduction to Social Science (n.d.). https://nios.ac.in/media/documents/SecSocSciCour/English/Lesson-00.pdf Previous Continue Contact English (US)