Dimensionalities Of The Self_Identity PDF

- Social Factor - Influences of significant people in one's life. - Personality - Individual patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. - Environmental Factor - Includes physical and communal elements present in everyday surroundings. - Hereditary Factor - Heredity; Pass...

- Social Factor - Influences of significant people in one's life. - Personality - Individual patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. - Environmental Factor - Includes physical and communal elements present in everyday surroundings. - Hereditary Factor - Heredity; Passing of certain traits from generation to another. - Person-Volition Factor - Person's inclination to construct a specific identity that will set him apart from others. SECTION 2: THE SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE SELF WHAT PHILOSOPHY SAYS ABOUT THE SELF - Self - “a unified being, essentially connected to consciousness, awareness, and agency (or at least, with the faculty of rational choice.)” - THE THREE GREAT “GOLDEN AGE” GREEK PHILOSOPHERS 1. Socrates 2. Plato 3. Aristotle SOCRATES - Believed that the self is not the physical body, but rather the psyche (the soul). - Used Greek aphorisms inscribed in the temple of Apollo at Delphi. -This was Socrates’ guiding principle that he imparted to his students. - Socrates’ student who suggested that the self is fundamentally an intellectual identity whose nature exists independent from the physical world. - Plato’s 2 divisions of the truth or reality: - [ ] ontos - ideal - [ ] phenomena - manifestation of the ideal. ARISTOTLE - Student of Plato who expounded the truth of the human self. - Emphasized that the ideal is subsumed in the phenomena. - He referred to: ideal = essence - provides meaning & purpose to matter phenomena = matter - provides substance and solidity to essence - Further emphasized that the two co-exist and are EMPIRICISM & RATIONALISM - Empiricism -The knowledge that is derived from experience and experimentation. -Aristotle was an empiricist; explaining the self from physical and scientific foundations. - Rationalism -The knowledge that is derived from reason and logic. -Socrates and Plato were rationalists; explaining the self from a theoretical and logical perspective. WHAT SCIENCE SAYS ABOUT THE SELF BIOLOGY & PHYSIOLOGY - Charles Darwin - Theory of Evolution & Natural Selection - Biological Perspective: Doctors & Scientists explain how genes from both parents contribute to the characteristics of their offspring through genetics. - DNA - Self replicating material that carry genetic information present in almost all living things and the unique identifying part of every individual.- Neurophilosophy - [ ] Paul & Patricia Churchland - [ ] Association of the brain and the mind. - Psychoneuroimmunology - [ ] Describes the shaping of the self as similar to how the human immune system functions. SOCIAL SCIENCES - Psychology - [ ] The study of human behavior: -Self-Awareness - Consciousness of individuals about their strengths, weaknesses, potentials, etc. -Self-Concept - An implicit personality theory that one holds towards oneself. - [ ] Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud - Focuses on the “unconscious” as a core element of the self. - [ ] Behaviorism - Emphasizes studying observable behavior and how they are influenced by environmental stimuli, focusing on learning through conditioning and reinforcement. - [ ] Social Cognitive Theory -Considers behavior as a function of the environment and internal attributes. - [ ] Humanistic Perspective -Believes that everyone is inherently good, and has the ability to reach self-actualization.- Sociology - [ ] Study of collective behavior of people within society and focuses on social problems encountered by individuals - Anthropology - [ ] Study of human beings and their ancestors through time and space and in relation, and culture. SOCIAL SCIENCES - Political Science Concerned on the participation of individuals in establishing a government and making political choices. - Economics Describes and analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.