Digital World Topic 11: Cultural, Ethical, Environmental & Legal Issues Relating to Computing PDF

Digital World Topic 11 Cultural, Ethical, Environmental and Legal Issues Relating to Computing © NCC Education Limited  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing...

Digital World Topic 11 Cultural, Ethical, Environmental and Legal Issues Relating to Computing © NCC Education Limited  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.2 The Unit Roadmap Topic 1 – Introduction Topic 2 – Data Processing Topic 3 – Data Communication, Networking and the Internet Topic 4 – Big Data and Data Analytics Topic 5 – Social Media, Social Networking, Virtual Reality and Cyberspace Topic 6 – Artificial Intelligence  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.3 The Unit Roadmap Topic 7 – E-commerce Topic 8 - Security Topic 9 – Cyber Warfare Topic 10 – The impact of digital technology Topic 11 – Cultural, Ethical, Environmental and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 12 – Summary and Assignment  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.4 Scope and Coverage This topic will cover: The legal framework for protecting rights Cultural considerations of technology on everyday lives, norms and societal values Moral dilemmas in the development and use of technology such as AI Ethical concerns on ensuring technology respects human rights The environmental impacts of digital technology  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.5 Learning Outcomes By the end of this topic students will be able to: 5. Understand cultural, ethical, environmental and legal issues relating to computing: Explain current individual (moral), social (ethical), legal, environmental and cultural opportunities and risks of computing Explain how cultural and ethical issues can be addressed Identify laws and guideline that relate to computing Discuss the challenges facing legislators in the digital age  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.6 Retrieval – starter activity Last lesson - How can we evaluate the impact Surveys/questionnaire, economic trends, data of digital technology on society? analysis etc. Last lesson – Give one advantage of how Job creation, gig economy, flexible digital technology has impacted society? working, education Last lesson – Give one negative of how digital Digital divide, privacy concerns, cyber technology has impacted society? security threats etc. Recent lessons – What is the biggest concern The exposure of of a data breach? sensitive data / info  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.7 Breaking News Millions of hotel customers’ details leaked How was it lost and what could be the consequences? How could the data be lost? Disgruntled employee, hacked, stolen laptop / USB What might the data include? Bank details, login details, passwords, address and other sensitive information What could criminals use the data for? Blackmail, identity theft, make online purchases  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.8 Keyword Definitions PRIVACY LEGAL ETHICAL CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.9 Keyword Definitions Category Explanation 1 Privacy Once data is stored on a computer – it can easily be shared, copied and changed. 2 Legal Technology provides opportunities to criminals. Laws have been created to help protect individuals and organisations. 3 Ethical We need to consider right and wrong, morality and power of technology use. 4 Cultural How has society and the ways we interact been impacted by technology? 5 Environmental The effect that technology has on the world.  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.10 Categories of impact? Real life example Category of impact 1 $146m was hacked from the Italian exchange in 2018. It's estimated that 230,000 BitGrail users lost funds. 2 China build a 250-acre solar farm shaped like a giant panda. ENVIRONMENTAL 3 There has been an increase in the number of employees working from home since Covid LEGAL CULTURAL 4 Artificial Intelligence algorithms used in finance and legal systems may have possible racial or gender bias ETHICAL PRIVACY 5 A famous celebraty’s daughter publicly criticises mother for sharing a photo of her without consent  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.11 Legal Issues What are the UK laws relating to Computing? 1. Data Protection Act 2018 2. Computer Misuse Act 1990 3. Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 4. Freedom of Information Act 2000  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.12 Legal Issues – Data Protection What is the purpose of the Data Protection Act? The 1998 Data Protection Act was passed by parliament to control how data is handled by organisations and to give legal rights to people who have information stored about them. This was later updated and replaced by the 2018 act, to align with EU GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation).  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.13 Legal Issues – Data Protection Who is the Data Protection Act for? As technology advances, more and more organisations are storing and processing large volumes of personal data. It is important to protect this data against the danger of it being misused. Data stored electronically is vulnerable as it can be copied or transferred using the Internet. Data that is stored about individuals are known as data subjects Data subjects have the right to have their data looked after properly and they also have the right to see what data is stored about them  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.14 Legal Issues – Data Protection What happens if you breach the Data Protection Act? British Airways was fined £20m 2020 after users of their website were directed to a fake website. Through the data breach, hackers were able to take personal data of about 400,000 people including login and travel booking details, names, addresses and credit card information. Google was hit with one of the biggest fines €50m in 2019. It was fined after the company had failed to make its consumer data processing statements accessible to its data subjects. Google was also fined for not asking for consent for users to use their data in targeted advertising campaigns.  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.15 Legal Issues – Data Protection On a piece of paper: 1. Write down a list of what data is stored about you? 2. Is your data important to you?  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.16 Tutorial Activity: Legal Issues Discussion Questions 1.Have you ever done anything illegal that might break a law relating to Computer Science? 2.Have you ever done anything that made you feel may have been morally or socially unacceptable linked to Computer Science? 3.Do you use technology in an environmentally responsible way? Group discussion Questions 4.Is it acceptable / right for a social media company to be able to sell your data to other companies without your permission? 5.Is it ok for your internet provider to send a monthly copy of your browsing history to your parents? 6.Is it ok to access /view someone else's files without their  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.17 Tutorial Activity: Legal Issues Create a written report on the following legal issues: 1. What are the main principles of the Data Protection Act ? Summarise each one. 2. What is the purpose of the Computer Misuse Act? 3. What is Copyright? What is the purpose of the Copyright and Designs Patent Act? 4. What is the purpose of the Freedom of Information Act ? Which organisations does it apply to? 5. What laws are there in your own country that relate to: Data Protection, Computer Misuse, Copyright?  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.18 Ethical Issues At the start of the lesson, we defined ‘ethical’ impacts as: Considerations about what is right and wrong, morality and power. When we think about technology, ethical questions arise from data security, ensuring the public is safe and the use of algorithms and Artificial Intelligence (AI)  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.19 Ethical Issues In pairs discuss the following: Ensuring that data is secure 1. What impact areas does this cover? 2. Can you give an example? Ensuring that the public is kept safe 3. What impact areas does this cover? 4. Can you give an example? Cold Calling – Questioning feedback  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.20 Ethical Issues - Algorithms An algorithm is a set of instructions that explain how to solve a problem. An algorithm will make decisions based on a set of rules that humans provide it. Any biases that are in those set of rules will have a biased impact on the decisions it makes. An algorithm can be racist, sexist etc. if there is racial / sexist bias in the rules or data humans provide it.  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.21 Examples of bias in real life Online advertising – Google’s online advertising system would display high paying job roles to males more than to females. This reinforced gender bias. Predictive Policing Tools – Police departments often use predictive policing algorithms to predict where crime may happen. This used historic arrest data which led to patterns of racial profiling. It also led to disproportionate targeting of minority communities  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.22 Cultural Impacts Cultural impact is about how society, and the ways we interact, have been impacted by technology. Group discussion: What are the cultural impacts of computers on society? (consider the following) Impact on daily lives Digital Divide  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.23 Cultural Impacts Impact on daily lives: Computers have changed the way people work and live. The introduction of personal computers, software applications, and automation technologies have transformed various industries. The ability to work remotely has redefined work-life balance 24/7 connectivity means that the traditional workday of 9-to-5 is no longer is the norm. This shift has implications for family dynamics, social interactions, and cultural perceptions of success.  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.24 Cultural Impacts The digital divide The digital divide is the gap that exists between people who have access to and can use technology, and those that do not Every society wants to take advantage of computers to improve our lives This risks leaving some members of our communities behind. An ‘upgrade culture’ means that each year, something new comes out, and acquiring it becomes a fashion issue. The cultural impact of the digital divide is significant as it reinforces and increases inequalities in society:  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.25 Environmental Impact In pairs to discuss – 1. How have computers had a positive impact on the environment? 2. How have computers had a negative impact on the environment? Cold Calling – Questioning feedback  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.26 Positive Environmental Impact Computers can have very positive effects on the environment: Renewable energy Environmental monitoring Energy smart homes Electric cars The sharing economy (Uber, Airbnb, Car Sharing Schemes)  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.27 Negative Environmental Impact Computers can have very negative effects on the environment: An increase in e-waste and excessive landfill which can turn into toxins in the ground, water and air Use of non - recyclable materials Depletion of rare chemical elements Devices have intentional limited lifespans before the need to replace them  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Check point - Quiz Topic 11 - 11.28 Which type of concern would the digital divide be classed under? A. Legal B. Ethical C. Cultural D. Environmental  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Check point - Quiz Topic 11 - 11.29 Which type of concern would public safety be classed under? A. Legal B. Ethical C. Cultural D. Environmental  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Check point - Quiz Topic 11 - 11.30 What is the purpose of the Data Protection Act? A. To prevent hacking B. To protect the processing and storage of personal data C. To prevent the copying of personal data D. To make sure that data is shared  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Check point - Quiz Topic 11 - 11.31 Which of the following is a positive impact of computers on the environment? A. The use of non-recyclable material B. Improved work life balance C. The sharing economy D. The use of raw materials  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Check point - Quiz Topic 11 - 11.32 Which of the following is a negative impact of computers on the environment? A. The use of non-recyclable material B. Improved work life balance C. The sharing economy D. Smart energy homes  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.33 Summary of impact of Cultural, Ethical, Environmental and Legal Issues Relating to Computing In this lesson you covered: Key UK laws associated with computers are: Data Protection Act, Copyright Designs and Patents Act, Computer Misuse Act and Freedom of Information Act. Organisations have a legal obligation to ensure that data stored about individuals is accurate, up to date and kept secure. Ethical issues linked computers are the considerations about what is right and wrong, morality and power. Ethical issues include making sure that data stored on computer systems is kept secure and to ensure technological developments consider public safety.  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.34 Summary of impact of Cultural, Ethical, Environmental and Legal Issues Relating to Computing In this lesson you covered: Computers have had an impact on cultural aspects of society including the digital divide and their impact on daily lives. Environmental impacts of computers can have both positive and negative impacts. Positive environmental impacts include renewable energy, smart energy homes and electric cars. Negative environmental impacts include depletion of rare chemicals, e-waste and the use of non-recyclable materials.  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.35 Independent Study – Task Flip Learning – for next lesson: Develop revision mind maps for topics 1 to 11 in preparation for the final lesson  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.36 Next lesson In the next session we will be looking at: Review of all topics covered Final assessment  Cultural. Ethical, Environment and Legal Issues Relating to Computing Topic 11 - 11.37 References Panel, E. (2022) '14 Tech-Related ethical Concerns and how they can be addressed,' Forbes, 1 August. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2022/08/01/14-tech-related-ethical-co ncerns-and-how-they-can-be-addressed/?sh=38d54a9367c4. Helpser, E. (2021) The Digital Disconnect: The Social Causes and Consequences of Digital Inequalities. 1st Edition. Government Digital Service (2015) Data protection. https://www.gov.uk/data-protection. Bias and ethical concerns in machine learning (no date). https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2022/volume-4/bias-and-ethical -concerns-in-machine-learning. United Nations (no date b) The impact of Digital Technologies | United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/un75/impact-digital-technologies  Digital World Topic 11 - Cultural, Ethical, Environmental and Legal Issues Relating to Computing