Digestive System PDF
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This document discusses cellular respiration, the process of breaking down food into usable energy. It includes information on aerobic and anaerobic respiration, mitochondrial structure, and energy transfer through food chains. It also touches on the role of digestion in the process.
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION 1. Cellular Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy 2. Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration A erobic Respiration: Requires oxygen and occurs inthe mitochondria. It includes glycolysis(in the cytoplasm),Krebs cycle, andETC...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION 1. Cellular Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy 2. Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration A erobic Respiration: Requires oxygen and occurs inthe mitochondria. It includes glycolysis(in the cytoplasm),Krebs cycle, andETC(electron transport chain). Produces 36-38 ATP. Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation): Occurs withoutoxygen, produces 2 ATP, and results in byproducts likelactic acid(in muscles)orethanol and CO₂(in yeast). . Measuring Anaerobic Respiration: In the muscle fatigue lab, lactic acid buildup was 3 observed as a byproduct of anaerobic respiration when oxygen was insufficient. 4. Mitochondrial Structure Inner Membrane: Contains proteins for the ETC andATP synthesis. Outer Membrane: Separates mitochondrion from the cytoplasm. Matrix: Contains enzymes for the Krebs cycle. Intermembrane Space: Where protons accumulate in theETC. . Cyanide and Cellular Respiration: Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a key 5 enzyme in the ETC, blocking ATP production and causing cell death. FOOD CHAINS & WEBS . Energy Transfer: Energy is transferred from producers (plants) to primary consumers 1 (herbivores), secondary consumers (carnivores), and so on. Only about 10% of energy is transferred to each successive trophic level. 2. Organism Classification: utotrophs: Organisms that make their own food (e.g.,plants). A Heterotrophs: Organisms that consume other organisms(e.g., animals). Herbivores: Primary consumers, eat plants. Carnivores: Secondary/tertiary consumers, eat otheranimals. Omnivores: Eat both plants and animals. Decomposers: Break down dead organisms and recyclenutrients (e.g., bacteria, fungi). . Role of Cellular Respiration and Digestion in Energy Flow: Cellular respiration breaks 3 down food (organic matter) into usable energy (ATP), which supports life processes. Digestion prepares food for absorption and energy release.
