NCM 105 Nutrition and Diet Therapy PDF

NCM 105 – Nutrition and Diet Therapy Unit 5.2: Diet Therapy Diet Therapy Types of Diet A broad term for the practical application of nutrition 1. Regular Diet as a preventive or corrective treatment of to ac...

NCM 105 – Nutrition and Diet Therapy Unit 5.2: Diet Therapy Diet Therapy Types of Diet A broad term for the practical application of nutrition 1. Regular Diet as a preventive or corrective treatment of to achieve or maintain optimal nutritional status in disease. patients who do not have altered nutritional needs Usually involved the modification of an existing related to illness, injury or impaired health. dietary lifestyle to promote optimum health or to A full well balance diet contains all food groups reclaim health. needed for optimal growth, tissue repair, normal organ function, and meets the individual caloric This therapy aims to needs of an individual. 1. Maintain normal nutrition, Example: DAT (Diet as tolerated) - according to 2. Corrects nutritional deficiency, the ability of an individual to tolerate food. 3. Changes body weight, 4. Adjusts the body ability to use one or more nutrients 2.Vegetarian Diet and Complete elimination of all animal products to simply 5. Permits maximum rest to the body or an organ. avoiding red meats, either due to religion or out of concern for ecologic or basic health principles. Good Tray Service A balance diet with emphasized on grains, fruits, The essentials of a good tray service are: vegetables, nuts and seeds with or without dairy and 1. The tray must have sufficient size for uncrowned eggs. arrangement for dishes. Types of Vegetarian Diet 2. Cover the tray with clean cloth or napkin. Strict or pure vegetarian (Vegans) - who eats only 3. With attractive kitchen ware. vegetables, fruits, grains, nuts and seeds. 4. Arrange items orderly for the patient can easily Lacto vegetarian- vegetables, fruits, grains, seed reach everything. and milk and milk products. 5. Portions of food must be adequate for the patient. Lacto ovo Vegetarian- Include all vegetables, 6. Food must be arranged attractively. grains, fruits, milk and eggs. 7. Meals serve on time Pesco vegetarian- variation with Lacto ovo vegetarian with fish. Proper tray arrangement Semi Vegetarian- variation with Lacto ovo vegetarian with fish and chicken. NUTRIENT CONCERNS 1. Calcium- must be higher than that of the non vegetarian diet, Sources: dairy products and dark leafy vegetables, can also be obtained by consuming calcium fortified products and supplements. 2. Iron- it can be incorporated into the diet Sources: consumption of fortified breads and grains, legumes and 1. Appetizer/side dish soy products. Dried fruits and foods prepared in cast iron 2. Soup or stainless-steel cookware also provide iron. 3. Glass 4. Dessert 3. Linolenic Acid- is dietary fatty acids that aids tissue 5. Fork strength, muscle tone, blood clotting, cholesterol 6. Dinner plate with main dish &/or rice/sides metabolism and heart function. 7. Knife Sources: 8. Tablespoon eggs, Linolenic acid can also be obtained in walnuts, flax 9. Teaspoon seeds and soybeans and canola oils. 10. Cup and saucer Villarama | 1 4. Vitamin B12- occurs naturally only in animal ∙ Foods included are broth, coffee, tea, products. carbonated drink as tolerated and allowed, It may be used as an additive to such products fruit juices, clear (apple, cranberry, grape) as cereal or it may be taken as a supplement. and strained orange, lemonade and grape fruit, fruit ice made from clear fruit juice, 5. Vitamin D- low in vegan diet because of the lack of gelatin, popsicles, sugar, honey and hard milk and milk products, it can’t be obtain in plant candy. products, and milk is the largest ∙ Indicated to patient in preparation for bowel Sources: surgery or colonoscopy, acute GI disorders, fortified soy, milk and ready eat cereals, or it can be transition of feeding after parenteral nutrition, obtained by spending about 10 minutes under the sun initial feeding surgery and diarrhea. each day. ∙ Prevent dehydration relieve thirst, maintain water balance and reduce colonic residue 6. Zinc- in vegetarian diet they typically eat fewer foods that contain zinc. c. Cold liquid/ tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy Sources: diet- to minimize pain in oral cavity and avoid whole grains, soy products, nuts and seeds. bleeding of operated areas. Foods included are ice smooth liquids and 7. Protein has many important functions in the body foods (plain ice cream, sherbets, cold milk, and is essential for growth and maintenance. ice tea, bland fruits, with have been cold.) Sources of protein for vegetarians Indicated to patient undergone tooth extraction beans, nuts, nut butters, peas, and soy products (tofu, and tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. veggie burgers). Milk products and eggs Ice foods that are so sweet or with solid contents are not allowed. 3. Therapeutic Diet modification of normal diet that designed to meet the d. Soft Diet- to provide nutritionally adequate with the nutritional requirement of a given situation. use of simple easily digested food. Food that are easily digested such as fruit, Types of Therapeutic Diet vegetables, meat without tough connective a. Full Liquid Diet - composed of food that are liquid tissue. or liquefy at the body temperature. Foods to be avoided are fatty, tough food and Must be carefully plan fried foods and seasoned foods. Inadequate in folic acid, iron, vitamin B6 and Indicated to patient with acute infection, high fiber fever and GI disturbance. Add sugar and syrup Melt butter, margarine, soup, cereal e. Mechanical Soft Diet (Dental or Geriatric Soft Avoid raw egg Diet) - food that requires minimal chewing Food included are milk and milk products, Follows the food pattern of regular diet but pudding, custards, all vegetables juice, all fruit modified by grinding, mincing, chopping and juice, refine cereals, eggs in custard, butter, pureeing. margarine and plain ice cream. Food must be chopped, ground, mashed, Indicated to patient with difficulty in chewing and pureed food soaked in gelatin or commercial swallowing and transition between clear and soft thickener, slurry, mashed, ripened fruits, cooked diet. mashed vegetables. Contraindicated to patient with lactose Indicated to patient with limited chewing, intolerance. ability with ill fitting dentures, surgery in head, neck and mouth. b. Clear Liquid Diet - a short term highly restrictive diet composed only of clear fluids or foods that f. Bland Diet- to prevent or eliminate irritating become solid fluids at body temperature. foods to stomach lining to heal. ∙ Requires minimal digestion and leaves minimum Indicated to patient with duodenal ulcers, residue and provide some electrolytes and gastritis, ulcerative colitis, gall bladder carbohydrates but they have minimal amount of disease. calorie and nutrient. Villarama | 2  Food included in diet is milk, custard, wheat i. Purine restricted diet- to reduce the amount of bread, creamed soups, baked or boiled purine, which is a precursor of uric acid, in the diet. It potatoes. is used with patients who have gout or uric acid Food not allowed are greasy, highly seasoned kidney stones. foods, decaffeinated coffee, red pepper, cola, Food Included are most vegetables black pepper, chili powder and caffeinated (except cauliflower), spinach, asparagus, drinks (tea, cocoa or chocolate) and peas, fruit juices, cereals, eggs, cottage alcoholic drinks. cheese. Increase fluid intake Foods such as organ meats, fish, poultry,oatmeal and whole wheat must be Other Types: avoided. BRAT Diet- indicated to gastrointestinal disorders, dyspepsia, gastroenteritis. j. Sodium Restricted – for patient with kidney, Food included is the mnemonic Bananas, Rice, cardiovascular disease or hypertension to Apple, and Toast. control the retention of sodium and water thus Sometimes it includes BRATT- banana, rice, lower blood pressure. apple, toast and tea and BRATTY banana, rice, Food included is natural food without salt, apple, toast, tea and yogurt. milk and meat in limited quantities. Food such as canned prepared or g. Residue Restricted- reduce fiber with chron’s processed foods, table salt, most disease, colon, rectal surgery, esophagitis and prepared seasoning. diarrhea. Food included are clear liquids, sugar , salts, k. Gluten-Free Diet- eliminates gluten, a protein found meats, fats, eggs, some milk, refine cereals in wheat products. and white bread, peeled white potatoes These are used to patient with mal Foods not allowed are cheese, fried foods, absorption syndromes like celiac disease. highly seasoned foods and high fiber foods. Foods included in the diet are rice, corn, soy flour, fruits, vegetables, meat, eggs h. High Fiber Diet- increase of the intake of fiber in and milk. diet to add bulk in the bowel. Foods not allowed are all wheat, rye, Substitute high fiber foods for those low in fiber. barley, oats, creamed sauces or breaded Help in alleviating constipation, lowers serum foods. cholesterol levels and improves glucose tolerance in diabetics. l. Lactose-Free Diet- to reduce or eliminate food with Helpful in preventing and treating irritable bowel lactose for patients who cannot metabolize it. symptoms and diverticular disease. Foods allowed are most meats, fruits and vegetables, cereals and grains. Food included are bread, cereals, dry peas and Foods not allowed are foods containing beans, fresh fruit(apple, berries, orange, lactose, such as milk, cheese and ice peaches, bananas and pears) and cream vegetables(cabbage, green leafy, cauliflower, tomatoes, celery, zucchini(pasta made in vegetables). Transition to high fiber diet must slowly implement, because high fiber diet may cause bloating gas or heart burn. Adding high fiber foods with other foods Eat a meatless main dish with legumes and yeast per week And increase fluid intake Villarama | 3