DIASS-module-5 PDF

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park Antonio J....

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education National Capital Region DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences Discipline, Professionals and Practitioners of Social Work Quarter 1- Week 5 Module 5 Most Essential Learning Competency: 1. Identify the goals and scope of social work. 2. Explain the principles and core values of social work. 3. Explain the roles and functions of social workers. 4. Identify specific work areas in which social workers work. 5. Value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities. 6. Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among practitioners. 1  HOW TO USE THIS MODULE Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun! 1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this module. 2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind. 3. Perform all the provided activities in the module. 4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card. 5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned. 6. Enjoy studying! PARTS OF THE MODULE Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the lessons in the module. Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson. Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and skills did you understand from the previous lesson. Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson. Discussion - This section provides a short discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner. Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lessons. Check your understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson. Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire module. 2  EXPECTATIONS You will understand the basic concept of social work. Specifically, this module will help you to: identify and define the social work and its goals and scope; comprehend the principles, roles and functions of social work and discuss its core values; and put into practice and be able to live the life as a social worker do. Let us start your journey in learning more on the Discipline of social work. I am sure you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up! PRETEST Directions: Write check mark () if you agree and an X mark (×) if you disagree in each statement indicated below. _____ 1. Only a social worker can do social work. _____ 2. Not all can be a Social Worker. _____ 3. Social work is a noble profession. _____ 4. The goals, scope, and principles of social work is the backbone of their discipline. _____ 5. As a profession, social work is concerned with an individual’s personal problems and disregards his/her social functioning to resolve the conflicts. LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning! Sentence Completion To prove your understanding of the past lesson, you should be ready to accomplish this task. Directions: Complete the idea of the sentence below. 1. The _____________ process entails good listening skills and ability to demonstrate care and empathy. 3 2. The approach of _____________ in counselling and psychotherapy is also known as psychoanalysis. 3. The approach of _____________ in counselling and psychotherapy focuses on the role of cognition in psychological functioning. 4. The counselling and psychology approach of _____________ is referred to as psychotherapy. 5-6. An example of approaches and methods in counselling in the theoretical orientation of experiential theories are _____________, and _____________. 7-9. The _____________, _____________, and _____________ are the approaches and methods in counselling in the theoretical orientation of cognitive-behavioral theories: rational emotive behavior and transaction analysis. 10. The _____________ counselling approach focuses on the here and now. BRIEF INTRODUCTION For the longest time, Filipinos have overcome natural disasters like typhoon, earthquakes, fires, floods, volcanic eruptions and others and we always have each other to make it through. The innate nature of being a Filipino is to be both emphatic and sympathetic to any hardships experienced by our fellowmen. And in this time of pandemic, no is spared; all are affected. However, everyone wants to help one another, because as a member of our community, we are bound to support those who are in need in our society even if we, ourselves, are also in need of help. DISCUSSIONS Lesson The Discipline of Social Work 1 Even in our small way we can always find means to support those who are in need. Anyone can help others. But a hands-on profession that does well in extending help to the underprivileged member of our society and that it involves rigorous field of training and study is called Social Work. According to the International Federation of Social Workers, “Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. 3 Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility, and respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities, and indigenous knowledge, social work engages people and structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing. The above definition may be amplified at national and/or regional levels”. Thus, it is an academic discipline and profession that concerns individual adjustment to his/her environment referred as social functioning. GOALS OF SOCIAL WORK The National Association of Social Workers has conceptualized social work practice as having five major goals by Zastrow (2009), which can be classified based on the 3C’s of goal as stated by Dela Cruz (2016) The Goal on Caring- this is to develop a sense of personal and societal safety and security by offering public service through social welfare programs. o Links people with Systems That Provide Them with Resources, Services, and Opportunities o Promotes the effectiveness and Humane Operation of Systems That provide People with Resources and Services o Promotes Human and Community Well-Being The Goal on Curing- this is to have a holistic development for physiological, psychological, emotional, and intellectual growth for the deprived members of the community o Enhances the Problem-Solving, Coping and Developmental Capabilities of people The Goal on Changing – This is to ensure that social justice and human rights are being honored by the individual, the society and the government and be able to design social welfare program to meet its need. o Develops and Improves Social Policy SCOPE OF SOCIAL WORK The widened scope and field of social work is a result of the vast array of human problems and it is connected to different branches of social science. Dela Cruz (2016) identified and described the field included in social work. Scopes are specified but not limited to the given items. AREA SCOPE Social Work as Primary Discipline Social work in: -child protection, welfare - adoption and services to unmarried parents - foster care -residential care -support in own home Social Work as an Equal Partner Social work in: - age care -support for people in long-term care facilities program refers to nursing homes or 4  other group living facilities Social Work as Secondary Social work in Discipline - mental care, refugees and asylum seekers, disability, hospital, school social work, and health PRINCIPLES AND CORE VALUES OF SOCIAL WORK These serve as a guiding value on how the members of the organization shaped their behavior and action in interacting with their clients and other people. As mentioned by Dela Cruz (2016) the Council on Social work Education identified and described six (6) values that are shared by the profession of Social Work; (1) Right to self-fulfillment (2) Responsibility to Common Good (3) Responsibility of the Society (4) Right to Satisfy basic Needs (5) Social organizations required to facilitate individual’s effort at self-realization (6) Self-Realization and Contribution to Society. While he stated, seven principles adhered by the social workers: (1) Acceptance (2) Client’s Participation in Problem Solving (3) Self-determination (4) Individualization (5) Confidentiality (6) Workers Self-Awareness (7) Client-Worker Relationship. ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WORK As what has been said earlier, social work is a discipline and a profession guided by its principles. It is also present in varied settings. With this context, it is assumed that the roles and functions of social workers are likewise diverse. ROLES FUNCTIONS (tasks that are expected to (responsibilities) perform) Rehabilitative- assists people to determine Broker, Counselor, Mediator, and settle or reduce problem from individuals and the environment Preventive- covers early detection, control and Educator, facilitator elimination of situations that has a damaging effect on the social functioning Developmental- seeks to help individual make full potential and capacities to enhance Advocate, Organizer, Researcher effectiveness of social and community resources. 5  ACTIVITIES Activity 1.1 Picto-Analyses Direction: Analyze the picture given in each number. Fill out the box with the data being asked. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. SITUATION:_______________________________________________ WAYS TO HELP: ___________________________________________ WHAT MAKES IT SOCIAL WORK: ______________________________ 2. SITUATION:________________________________________ WAYS TO HELP: ____________________________________ WHAT MAKES IT SOCIAL WORK: _______________________ 3. SITUATION:_______________________________________ WAYS TO HELP: ___________________________________ ACTIVITIESWHAT MAKES IT SOCIAL WORK: _______________________ Activity 1.2 What If! (Critical Thinking, Character, Creativity) Direction: Pretend that you are a Social Worker confronted with the following cases How will you handle the case? How will you manage the situation, applying the core values and principles of a social work? Answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper. CASE 1: Ana is a senior high school student who, like everybody, is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. She graduated with honors in a virtual graduation of her 6 school. His father, an OFW, whom she has not seen for five years was expected to attend the graduation ceremony but failed to come home due to the pandemic. Her mother, a typical housewife that does buy and sell for additional income was considered Persons Under Investigation (PUI) due to the virus and had to be quarantined. Unfortunately, she needed to be hospitalized eventually. Now, all alone in the house being the only child, and with all these unfortunate circumstances happening to her, she felt that her world was falling apart. Moreover, she started blaming herself and developed the idea that she was cursed. Consequently, she started to disconnect herself from the outside world, even with her friends. She was afraid that others might be included in her “curse” of misery and misfortune if she talked to them. CASE 2: Due to the pandemic, the government imposed nationwide quarantine which resulted to increase of domestic violence.One of the victims of domestic violence is Maria, a 15-year-old girl, who also acts as the mother to her eight siblings after her mother passed away. Her father earns a living as a cook in the school canteen. But due to the pandemic crisis, her father lost his job and there was no source of income for the family. What makes Maria suffers the most is when they are all beaten up by their father especially when he is under the influence of alcohol. Her father hits her and her siblings when she cannot give a single penny to him, and when there is no food to eat. ACTIVITIES Activity 1.3 STOP… LOOK… and LIST! Directions: Think of at least five (5) social welfare and development agencies and organizations available in your barangay or locality, then complete the given table. If you have access online, search for at least ten (10). Be guided by the example provided for you. AGENCIES/ORGANIZATION PROGRAM/SERVICES SCOPE/AREAS EXAMPLE: Young Focus at the Smokey Young Focus gives Primary Discipline Mountain in Manila underprivileged children and young people the chance to develop themselves intellectually, emotionally, psychologically, and spiritually by means of education and personal coaching. 7  CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING My Social Work Direction: Think of the different ways you do social work in your community. Supply the semantic web with your ideas written on a separate sheet of paper.. REMEMBER Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. The goals of social work are on Caring, Curing, and Changing. The scope of social work is the wide range of services that this profession provides to preserve the integrity and uphold its core values. Roles and functions are likewise varied. 8  POSTTEST Directions: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Social work is demonstrated as a primary discipline in terms of these child- welfare services. a. Medical Facilities c. Foster Care b. School Programs d. None of the above 2. Social work is depicted as a secondary discipline EXCEPT: a. Corrections c. Mental Facilities b. Industry d. Adoption 3. This is to have a holistic development for physiological, psychological, emotional, and intellectual growth for the deprived members of the community. a. Goal of Curing c. Goal of Care b. Goal of Commitment d. Goal of Change 4. Social work is defined as a profession which is concerned with the person’s adjustment to his/her surroundings known as ____. a. Social development c. All of the above b. Social Welfare d. Social Functioning 5. _____________ defines social work as the professional activity of helping individuals or the community to enhance and restore its social functions and conditions that is aligned with their goals. a. International Federation of Social Workers b. National Association of Social Workers c. Department of Social Welfare and Development. d. Australian Association of Social Workers 6. Each person has the responsibility as a member of the society to seek ways to contribute for the goodness of all. a. Responsibility to Society c. Responsibility to Self-Fulfillment b. Responsibility to Common Good d. None of the Above 7. This involves respecting the clients as they are under any circumstances and understanding the client’s behavior. a. Self Determination c. Individualization b. Acceptance d. Confidentiality 8. It entails/ privacy of the client from the social work. a. Self Determination c. Individualization b. Acceptance d. Confidentiality 9. The idea behind this principle is that the clients have the right to determine their needs and how should they be met. a. Self Determination c. Individualization b. Acceptance d. Confidentiality 10. Which of the following statement is false? a. Preventive function covers early detection, control and elimination of situations that has a damaging effect on the social functioning b. The function of rehabilitation is to assisting people to determine and settle or reduce problem form the individual and the environment c. Both A and B d. None of the above 9 Lesson Professionals and 2 Practitioners of Social Work EXPECTATIONS You will understand the basic concept of social work. Specifically, this module will help you to: identify specific work areas and career opportunities for social work comprehend the rights, responsibilities, accountabilities, and code of ethics ethical and unethical behaviors among professionals and practitioners in social work. PRETEST Directions: Write FACT if the statement is correct, and BLUFF if it is not. Use a separate sheet in answering this. _____ 1. Being respectful, is a sign of social worker’s identity. _____ 2. A core value of social work is competence. _____ 3. There is a limited area of specialization in social work. _____ 4. Social work has no code of ethics. _____ 5. One goal of social work is to provide basic service. 10  LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning! Matching To prove your understanding of the past lesson, you should be ready to accomplish this task. Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1. This is to have a holistic development for A. DEVELOPMENTAL physiological, psychological, emotional, and intellectual FUNCTION growth for the deprived members of the community. 2. It covers early detection, control and elimination of B. GOAL ON situations that has a damaging effect on the social CHANGING functioning. 3. This is to ensure that social justice and human rights C. SOCIAL WORK AS are being honored by the individual, society, and EQUAL PARTNER government and be able to design social welfare program to meet its need. 4. It seeks to help individual make full potential and D. PREVENTIVE capacities to enhance effectiveness of social and FUNCTION community resources. 5. It is a support for people in long-term care facilities E. GOAL ON CURING program such as nursing homes or other group living facilities. BRIEF INTRODUCTION You may not notice them, but social workers are everywhere. Just like the variety of individuals, families, and communities so is the field of social work. They can be found in every angle of our community life because it includes a variety of specialization areas. Social work career paths look different; it includes a variety of disciplines and workplace settings depending on the type of social work professionals want to conduct. 11 DISCUSSIONS Going through all these world health issues, we can see that frontlines are everywhere. Frontlines do not only include doctors, nurses, and police offers or army personnel but also those individuals who are trying to win this war against COVID-19 Pandemic. Social workers are also considered frontlines. Social works can be found in many faces and areas of specialization. Social workers perform their roles while bounded by the values, rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities which determine their ethical behavior towards their clients.. AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION OF SOCIAL WORK As what has been discussed in Lesson 1, scope of social work is interrelated to its area. Delacruz (2016) pointed out the specific work areas of social work in accordance to their specialization, as follows. SPECIFIC WORK AREA AREA Child, family, and Child welfare concerned with the wellbeing of the children school Social and youth worker Family welfare concerned with the establishment and strengthening the family in meeting its needs School social worker employs ways for intervention, assessment, counselling, and capability structure of students with collaboration of school personnel and parents to the social development programs. Community Immersing to the community to assessed programs for Social Work community development for the betterment of social setting. Hospice, and Often help or care for those who are terminally ill. To provide Palliative Care relief from pain, improve quality of life, help to the people Social Work around of an ill individual and in some cases, assist with trauma, sorrow, and loss Medical and Works in hospital settings to help an individual cross the health Social struggles that a serious medical condition can cause the work individual and family. Mental Health Rehabilitation and capability building are focuses on these and Substance with individuals who struggles substance abuse or mental Abuse Social health problems. Worker Military and Focuses on the role adjustment and post-traumatic stress of Veterans Social returning home soldiers Work Psychiatric Social Provides therapy and assess the psychiatric health of the Work patient. 12 Cultural Work closely with individuals and groups in the marginalized Communities sector to minimize or eliminate discrimination. Industry and Services on these field is for the welfare of employees and Labor family Education and Involves the transfer of social work knowledge and skills. Training International The international professional practice and capacity for Social Work international action by the profession. Its dimension are internationally domestic practice and advocacy, professional exchange, international practice, and international policy development and advocacy (Healy, 2001, as cited in Cox & Pawar, 2006,19). RIGHTS, RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACCONTABILITIES Cited by Dela Cruz (2016), the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) has enlisted encompassing ethical standards, mostly on their responsibilities as association. The ethical standards usually define the rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of the members. ETHICAL COMPONENT STANDARDS Ethical Commitment to client, self-determination, informed consent, responsibility to competence, cultural competence and social diversity, conflict the client of interest, privacy and confidentiality, access to records, sexual relationships, physical contact, sexual relations, derogatory language, payment for service, clients who lack decision making capacity, interruption and termination of services Ethical Respect, confidentiality, interdisciplinary collaboration, responsibility to dispute involving colleagues, consultation, referral for the colleagues services, sexual relationships, sexual harassment, impairment of colleagues, incompetence of colleagues, and unethical conduct of colleagues Ethical Supervision and consultation, education and training, responsibility in performance evaluation, client’s records, billing, client practice setting transfer, administration, continuing education and staff development, commitment to employers, and labor-managed disputes Ethical Competence, discrimination, private conduct, dishonesty, responsibility as fraud and deceit, impairment, misrepresentation, solicitation, professionals and acknowledging credit 13 Ethical Integrity of profession, and Evaluation and research responsibility to the social work profession Ethical Social welfare, public participation, public emergencies, social responsibility to and political actions the broader society ACTIVITIES Activity 2.1 My ideal Social Work Direction: Cut an outlined man in a sheet of paper. Recall one role and function of social worker and identify specific work areas where he/she belongs. What ethical standards do you believe he/she must possess? Write your answer on the front side of the cut out and explain your answer on the back part of it. ROLE: WORK AREA: ETHICAL STANDARD: ACTIVITIES 14 Activity 2.2 “CONTACT TRACING” (Critical Thinking, Character, Communication) Direction: In this time of pandemic, enumerate how you and your family are affected by it. In which area of specialization of social work will you seek for assistance? How does it help you? Write your answer on a separate sheet. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ACTIVITIES Activity 2.3 ETHICS Direction: Give a situation in which you think there is the presence of ethical and unethical standard of behavior among the social work. Why do you think so? Answer on a separate answer sheet. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING Map it Out Directions: Use the concept map to show how far you have learned from the lesson. Fill out the boxes with your answer. Use another sheet of paper in answering. SOCIAL WORK WORK AREAS ETHICAL STANDARDS 15  REMEMBER A social worker is a practitioner who by accepted standards of training and social work professional experiences, possesses the skill to achieve the objectives as defined and set by the social work profession using basic methods of casework, group work, and community organization There is a wide range of specialization area in social work which provides different career opportunities for social workers. Such are but not limited to social work in health care, social work in school, occupational social work, clinical social work, and in various agencies working for social welfare to name a few. They can be found in private and government institution institutions, non-government organizations, voluntary agencies, and law enforcement agencies The ethical standards usually define the rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of the social work which guide the professionals to ensure that there is a quality of service provided and guidelines of behavior. POSTTEST Directions: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Social worker may explore their careers in secondary settings that include the following except: a. Medical facilities c. Foster Care b. School Programs d. None of the Above 2. The NASW identified the responsibility of social work profession and these are the following. a. Integrity of Profession and Collection of Fees c. Evaluation of Research and Submission of Proposals b. Collection of Fees and Submission of Proposals d. Integrity of Profession and Evaluation of Research 3. Privacy and confidentiality is an ethical standard in______. a. responsibilities in colleague c. responsibilities as professionals b. responsibilities to clients d. responsibilities in practice setting 4. The responsibility to the broader society that has been identified by NASW is ____. a. Public Emergencies c. payment to service b. Derogatory language d. None of Above 5. It is a component in the ethical standards to colleagues that seek the advice and counsel of co-worker. a. Sexual harassment c. Confidentiality b. Consultation d. Referral Services 16 6. Services on these field is for the welfare of employees, and family can be found in this specific work area. a. Industry and labor c. Community Social Work b. Mental Health d. Military and Veterans Social Work 7. This means working closely with individuals and groups in the marginalized sector to minimize or eliminate discrimination. a. Industry and labor c. Psychiatric Social Work b. International Social Work d. Cultural Communities 8. These are the ethical standards identified by NASW on ethical responsibility in practice setting EXCEPT a. Education and Training c. Respect b. Client Records d. Billing 9. The one who accepts standards of training and social work professional experiences and possesses the skill to achieve the objectives of social work profession is known as a __________ social worker a. Practitioner c. Key Actor b. Person d. Personnel 10. This means to provide relief from pain, improve quality of life, help to the people around of an ill individual and in some cases, assist with trauma, sorrow, and loss. a. Hospice, and Palliative Care Social Work c. Community Social Work b. Child, family, and school Social worker d. Community Social Work 17  REFERENCES Books Dela Cruz, A., Fernandez, C., Valdez, V. (2016) “Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Science”, Phoenix Publishing House Naguit, J.,Gomez,R., Escasianas, J. “The Padayon Series Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Science for SHS”, Mindshapers Co, Inc Zastrow,C. (2009) “Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Empowering People 10th Edition” Brooks/Cole CENGAGE Learning Online Sources https://www.ifsw.org/what-is-social-work/global-definition-of-social-work/ https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=D89nSQMCBdoC&pg=PA51&dq=social+wo rk+goals&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiYgsnhlaLqAhXLBogKHXagBVYQ6AEwAHoE CAQQAg#v=onepage&q=social%20work%20goals&f=false https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/46146289-3432-4534-8c74- c32548adbfc9 https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/2c0dc3fb-cb5d-494c-adf5- 7f1be9d58365 https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/5d9e5382-ac73-4317-8210- 9c96fbf577c0 Acknowledgements Writers: Ana Maria J. Reyes Editors: Amalia C. Solis - EPS Reviewers: Fructuoso O. Salao / Hernani D. Patches (Content) Joe D. Verzosa (Language) Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools Division Superintendent-Manila, Aida H. Rondilla-Chief Education Supervisor Lucky S. Carpio-EPS and Lady Hannah C. Gillo, Librarian II-LRMS 18  REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET Name ____________________________________________ Grade and Section ___________ School: ______________________ Date: _____________ Subj. Teacher: _______________ Quarter: 1 Module No.: 5 Week No.: 5 MELC: 1. Identify the goals and scope of social work. 2. Explain the principles and core values of social work. 3. Explain the roles and functions of social workers. 4. Identify specific work areas in which social workers work. 5. Value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities. 6. Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among practitioners Topic: Discipline, Professionals and Practitioners of Social Work Journal Entry We will look back at what we have covered, and we will synthesize your learnings on those lessons. Directions: Read and analyze each question. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. How would you assess the services and assistance given by the Department of Social Work and Development to the public in this COVID-19 crisis? 2. Aside from the Social Amelioration Program and relief packs provided by DSWD, suggest some social works that can be of help in our present condition. 3. Will you be considering social work as your profession? Why or why not? 19  ANSWER KEY Lesson 1 PRETEST LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON POSTTEST 1. × 1. Counseling 1. C 2.  2. Freud 2. D 3.  3. Adler 3. A 4.  4. Jung 4. D 5. × 5-6. Rogers Person Centered Therapy 5. A 6. / Perls Gestalt Therapy 6. B 7-9. Ellies Rational Emotive Therapy 7. B 8. D / Beck’s Cognitive Therapy / Berne’s 9. A Transactional Analysis 10. D 10. Gestalt ANSWER KEY Lesson 2 PRETEST LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON POSTTEST 1. Fact 1. E 1. C 2. Fact 2. D 2. D 3. Bluff 3. B 3. B 4. Bluff 4.A 4. A 5. Fact 5. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10.A 20