Diabetes in practice 2024-25.pdf

WEEK 9 MPharm Programme Diabetes in practice Meadhbh Conway Senior lecturer in clinical pharmacy, Pharmacist independent prescriber in di...

WEEK 9 MPharm Programme Diabetes in practice Meadhbh Conway Senior lecturer in clinical pharmacy, Pharmacist independent prescriber in diabetes Slide 1 of 57 PHA332 Diabetes in Practice WEEK 9 Diabetes Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders in which persistent hyperglycaemia (random plasma glucose more than 11.1 mmol/L) is caused by deficient insulin secretion, resistance to the action of insulin, or both Type 1: absolute deficiency of insulin Type 2: insulin resistance with relative deficiency of insulin Slide 2 of 57 PHA332 Diabetes in Practice WEEK 9 Prevalence Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in the UK, and its prevalence is increasing Annual cost to the NHS of £10 billion – 80% relates to treating complications 90% of diabetics have type 2 diabetes, 8% have type 1 diabetes Risk factors: – Obesity and inactivity; diet; family history of type 2 diabetes; Asian, African, and Afro-Caribbean ethnicity; drug treatments such as long-term corticosteroids; and history of gestational diabetes. Slide 3 of 57 PHA332 Diabetes in Practice WEEK 9 Lifestyle advice Lifestyle advice: – Diet (reduce saturated fats and trans fatty acid; carbs from wholegrain and pulses;) – Exercise – Weight management: aim for healthy BMI Structured education programmes – Type 1: DAFNE – Type 2: DESMOND Annual foot checks Alcohol Smoking Slide 4 of 57 PHA332 Diabetes in Practice WEEK 9 Type 1 diabetes Slide 5 of 57 PHA332 Diabetes in Practice WEEK 9 Type 1 diabetes Metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia due to absolute insulin deficiency. The condition develops due to destruction of pancreatic beta cells, mostly by immune-mediated mechanisms. Without insulin replacement, people with type 1 diabetes would die within days or weeks. Slide 6 of 57 PHA332 Diabetes in Practice WEEK 9 Diagnosis Hyperglycaemia (random plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L) AND characteristic features Children: – Polyuria – Polydipsia – Weight loss Immediate referral to – Excessive tiredness specialist diabetes team Adults: – Ketosis – Rapid weight loss –