Diabetes Awareness Campaign Content PDF

Creating engaging content for a diabetes awareness campaign to educate and empower individuals about prevention, management, and support. short line General information on the types of diabetes + prevalence ========================================================= The global diabetes prevalence i...

Creating engaging content for a diabetes awareness campaign to educate and empower individuals about prevention, management, and support. short line General information on the types of diabetes + prevalence ========================================================= The global diabetes prevalence in 20--79 year olds in 2021 was estimated to be 10.5% (536.6 million people), rising to 12.2% (783.2 million) in 2045. ===================================================================================================================================================== Diabetes prevalence was similar in men and women and was highest in those aged 75--79 years. ============================================================================================ Prevalence (in 2021) was estimated to be higher in urban (12.1%) than rural (8.3%) areas, and in high-income (11.1%) compared to low-income countries (5.5%). ============================================================================================================================================================= In Oman, as of 2021, about 11.8% of adults aged 20 to 79 have diabetes, which means roughly one in eight people =============================================================================================================== in this age group. ================== There are around 445.6 thousand adults with diabetes, and about 222.8 thousand of them don't even know they =========================================================================================================== have it. This shows a significant need for better screening and awareness to help manage and prevent diabetes ============================================================================================================= effectively. ============ Diabetes, according to WHO, is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar). =============================================================================================================================== Insulin is a hormone that helps blood glucose (blood sugar) enter your body's cells so that it can be used as energy. If you have diabetes, blood glucose can't enter your cells so it builds up in your bloodstream. This causes high blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Over time, high blood glucose harms your body and can lead to diabetes related complications if not treated. ================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== The most common is type 2 diabetes, usually in adults. What occurs is your body does not use insulin properly, this is called insulin resistance. At first, your beta cells make extra insulin to make up for it. Over time, your pancreas can't make enough insulin to keep your blood glucose at normal levels. ================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Whereas in type 1 diabetes your immune system mistakenly treats the beta cells in your pancreas that create insulin as foreign invaders and destroys them. When enough beta cells are destroyed, your pancreas can't make insulin or makes so little of it that you need to take insulin to live. ================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= In gestational diabetes, the placenta\'s hormones, which support the baby\'s growth, can sometimes block the mother's insulin, leading to insulin resistance. This makes it harder for the body to use insulin effectively, requiring the mother to produce more. If the body can\'t produce enough insulin during pregnancy, glucose remains in the blood, leading to high blood glucose (blood sugar). ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Spreading awareness about diabetes is vital as it addresses the growing prevalence of the disease, promotes prevention through lifestyle changes, and encourages early detection and effective management. Awareness helps reduce stigma, supports those living with the condition, and aids policymakers in allocating resources for prevention and education. Ultimately, it aims to improve public health outcomes and lessen the burden of diabetes on individuals and healthcare systems. 1. 2. 3. 4. Diabetes risk factors ===================== The factors that increase the chances of a person developing a condition or health disorder are known as risk factors, The risk factor for diabetes are shown below: - (Behavioural risk factors) 1. 2. 3. (Biomedical risk factors ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Some biomedical risk factors can be influenced by health behaviours. - 1. 2. 3. 4. One of the disease\'s Non modifiable risk factors is a family history of type 1 diabetes, even the exact cause of the condition is yet unknown. - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential for managing the symptoms and long-term implications of type 1 diabetes, even if there are no behavioural risk factors that increase the chance of getting the condition **Reference:** Last updated: 17 JUN 2024 [[https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/diabetes/diabetes/contents/about]](https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/diabetes/diabetes/contents/about) [[https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/risk-factors/index.html]](https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/risk-factors/index.html) Diagnosis criteria & Detection Tests for diabetes detection- The A1C test measures your average blood glucose for the past two to three months. The advantages of being diagnosed this way are that you don\'t have to fast or drink anything. Diabetes is diagnosed at an A1C of greater than or equal to 6.5%  Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test checks your fasting blood glucose levels. Fasting means after not having anything to eat or drink (except water) for at least 8 hours before the test. This test is usually done first thing in the morning, before breakfast. Diabetes is diagnosed at fasting blood glucose of greater than or equal to 126 mg/dl The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is a two-hour test that checks your blood glucose levels before and two hours after you drink a special sweet drink. It tells the doctor how your body processes sugar. Diabetes is diagnosed at two-hour blood glucose of greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl  **Reference:** American Diabetes Association (2023). *Understanding Diabetes Diagnosis*. \[online\] diabetes.org. Available at: [[https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/diagnosis]](https://diabetes.org/about-diabetes/diagnosis). Insulin resistance: signs and symptoms ====================================== Insulin Resistance Insulin resistance occurs when muscle, fat, and liver cells don't respond well to insulin, making it hard for glucose to enter these cells. Causes include excess body fat, especially around the belly, and physical inactivity. Common associated conditions: obesity, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and Type 2 diabetes. Signs of Insulin Resistance: Darkened skin in armpits or neck (acanthosis nigricans) Skin tags (small growths) Slow-healing cuts and sores Symptoms of Insulin Resistance: Increased thirst Frequent urination Hunger Blurred vision Headaches Often no symptoms until blood sugar levels rise significantly (prediabetes or Type 2 diabetes) **Gestational Diabetes:** What is it? High blood sugar levels that develop during pregnancy but aren't high enough for a diabetes diagnosis. Risks: Increases risk of complications during pregnancy and delivery; raises long-term risk of type 2 diabetes for mother and child. Diagnosis: Identified through prenatal screening, not by symptoms. **References.** Cleveland Clinic (2021). *Insulin resistance:* *What it is, causes, symptoms & treatment*. \[online\] Cleveland Clinic. Available at: [[https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22206-insulin-resistance]](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22206-insulin-resistance) [[https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes]](https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes) **NUTRITIONAL THERAPY FOR DIABETIC PATIENTS** The American Diabetes Association (ADA) provides key recommendations for managing diabetes through lifestyle changes, outlined in their Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes (2019). Below are the core principles, with a more detailed supplement to follow: **1. Meal Planning** Meal planning is often the most challenging part of diabetes management. There is no universal ratio of carbohydrates, protein, and fat that works for everyone. Macronutrient distribution should be tailored to each individual's current eating habits, preferences, and metabolic goals. **2. Individualized Nutrition Therapy** Each person should receive personalized Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) from a registered dietitian to meet their specific needs. A variety of eating patterns can work for managing diabetes. However, the focus should be on: \- Including non-starchy vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, and cucumber. As well as avoiding starchy vegetables such as potatoes, corn and beans. \- Minimizing added sugars and refined grains. \- Prioritizing whole foods over highly processed options such as cereal, processed meat, sweetened beverages, candy, chips etc. **3. Monitoring and Self-Management** ===================================== Meeting glycemic targets requires an assessment of current dietary intake, followed by personalized advice on carbohydrate monitoring to help with meal timing, medication management, and physical activity recommendations. MNT has been shown to reduce A1C levels by 1-1.9% in type 1 diabetes and 0.3-2% in type 2 diabetes. ================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Research supports the effectiveness of low-carbohydrate diets for managing type 2 diabetes, though they should only be followed under medical supervision. ========================================================================================================================================================== The plate method is a helpful tool for basic meal planning to manage calories and carbohydrates effectively. ============================================================================================================ **4. Weight Management** ======================== For individuals with diabetes or prediabetes who are overweight or obese, managing weight is essential. ======================================================================================================= A 5% reduction in body weight can significantly improve blood sugar levels, cholesterol, and blood pressure. ============================================================================================================ **5. Carbohydrate Management** ============================== Carbohydrate counting can be especially helpful for individuals with diabetes on insulin therapy. ================================================================================================= Those on fixed daily insulin doses should maintain a consistent carbohydrate intake. ==================================================================================== Avoid sugar-sweetened drinks (including fruit juice) and limit foods with added sugars to control both blood glucose and weight. Hgh-glycemic foods should be avoided for example: fava beans, banana, jackfruit, etc ===================================================================================================================================================================================================================== **6. Protein Intake** ===================== Aim to consume 1-1.5 g of protein per kg of body weight per day, but those with kidney disease should limit intake to 0.8 g/kg/day. =================================================================================================================================== Nutrient-dense sources of carbohydrates that are also rich in fiber---like vegetables, low glycemic fruits (peach,strawberry, tamarind,passion fruit), legumes, whole grains, and dairy---should be included in the diet. ========================================================================================================================================================================================================================= **7. Fat Intake and Heart Health** ================================== There is no consensus on the ideal fat content for people with diabetes. However, a Mediterranean-style diet rich in monounsaturated (olive oil, canola oil, avocado, nuts and seeds) and polyunsaturated fats (sunflower, oily fish) may improve glucose control and reduce cardiovascular risks. ================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== This approach may be a more effective alternative to a low-fat diet that is high in carbohydrates. ================================================================================================== **8. Supplements and Sweeteners** ================================= There is no strong evidence that supplements like vitamins, minerals (e.g., chromium or vitamin D), herbs, or spices (e.g., cinnamon or Aloe Vera) improve diabetes outcomes unless an individual has a known deficiency. ========================================================================================================================================================================================================================= Non-nutritive sweeteners can help reduce calorie and carbohydrate intake if they replace sugar. For those accustomed to sugary drinks, switching to low-calorie or non-nutritive sweetened beverages may be a temporary solution. However, it's recommended to gradually reduce both types of sweetened drinks and focus on drinking water. =========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== These recommendations emphasize the importance of personalized care, sustainable eating patterns, and lifestyle changes to improve glycemic control and overall well-being for individuals with diabetes. ========================================================================================================================================================================================================= Management and prevention of diabetes ===================================== One of the requirements of the management of diabetes is to be an awareness. You should know when your blood sugar level increases and decreases and how to control with it while facing day-to-day factors. Main aspects to manage diabetes will include: 1- Monitoring of blood sugar level: This is the key to know how well your current treatment plan is working. It will provide information on how to manage your diabetes on a daily and hourly. 2- Oral diabetes medications: Sometimes in people with type 2 diabetes, we will see that blood sugar levels remain high despite eating healthy pattern and regular exercise. If this occurs, medication in the form of a pill needs to be taken with them. These medications will improve the effectiveness of the body's natural insulin, reduce blood sugar production, increase insulin production and inhibit sugar absorption. 3- Insulin: people with type 1 diabetes need to inject synthetic insulin to live and manage diabetes. Some people with type 2 diabetes also require insulin. It is important to check your blood sugar levels before and after exercise especially when you use insulin or other medication that lowers your blood sugar levels. 4- 1- Diet: this will include meal planning and choosing a healthy diet. The plan meal can include two ways which are counting carbs (carbohydrates counting) and the plate method. All these are key aspects of diabetes management and can help you to reduce heart disease risk and weight. You need also to balance your meals and medicine and limited sugary drinks. 2- Exercise: like physical activity that may help you to increase insulin sensitivity and to reduce risk of heart disease. Exercise plays an essential role in diabetes management along with diet and treatment. It can help you to lose weight, lower blood sugar and increase insulin sensitivity which helps keep your blood sugar within a normal range. The types of exercise and physical activity involves: Other aspects to manage diabetes are: 1- Avoid smoking: According to a study review published by the CDC, Tobacco use can increase the risk of heart disease, blood sugar control problems, stroke nerve damage, vision loss, kidney problems and even amputation. Medications that control nicotine craving can help you and as well as counseling or support group plus nicotine-replacement products. 2- Avoid drinking alcohol: drinking alcohol can lead to low blood sugar and can release stored sugar to offset falling blood sugar levels which is done by the liver. Since the liver is processing alcohol, it may not give your blood sugar the needed boost. So it is important to tell your doctor if you drink or not to manage your condition. 3- Keeping weight and stress under control. Based on WHO, there are a series of interventions regardless of what type of diabetes the patients may have that can improve the outcome. These will include blood glucose control through a combination of diet, medication if necessary, physical activity, regular screening for damage to the eyes, kidney and feet to facilitate early treatment and control of blood pressure and lipid to reduce cardiovascular risk and other complications. Also we can play video during that station. CDC (2024) *Carb Counting*, *Diabetes*. Available at: [[https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/healthy-eating/carb-counting-manage-blood-sugar.html]](https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/healthy-eating/carb-counting-manage-blood-sugar.html). *Carb Counting Nutrition Guide \| University Hospitals* (no date) *www.uhhospitals.org*. Available at: [[https://www.uhhospitals.org/services/clinical-nutrition-services/patient-resources/diet-information/carb-counting-nutrition-guide]](https://www.uhhospitals.org/services/clinical-nutrition-services/patient-resources/diet-information/carb-counting-nutrition-guide). *Diabetes: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Prevention, and More* (2022) *Healthline*. Available at: [[https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetesexercise]](https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes#exercise). *Diabetes and exercise* (2017) *Diabetes UK*. Available at: [[https://www.diabetes.org.uk/living-with-diabetes/exercise]](https://www.diabetes.org.uk/living-with-diabetes/exercise). Complications regarding diabetes Here is a list of diabetes complications: - - - - - - - - - - You can prevent or delay many of these complications by managing your diabetes well, which can include going to your diabetes health checks and keeping your blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood fats under control. You can also prevent or delay complications by stopping smoking, eating healthily, keeping active, and attending all of your appointments. References 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Diabetes, Last updated: 17 Jun 2024 [[https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/diabetes/diabetes/contents/diabetes-risk-factors]](https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/diabetes/diabetes/contents/diabetes-risk-factors) ======================================================================================================================================================================================================================