Diabetes Awareness and Education

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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended protein intake for individuals without kidney disease?

2 g/kg/day

0.8 g/kg/day

0.5 g/kg/day

1-1.5 g/kg/day (correct)

Which foods should be avoided to help manage blood glucose levels effectively?

Whole grains

Low glycemic fruits

High-glycemic foods (correct)

Legumes

What amount of body weight reduction is suggested to significantly improve health markers for individuals who are overweight?

5% (correct)

15%

10%

For individuals on fixed daily insulin doses, what should they maintain regarding carbohydrate intake?

Consistent carbohydrate intake (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of drinks should individuals with diabetes avoid to aid in blood sugar control?

Sugar-sweetened drinks (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nutrient-dense source of carbohydrates that should be included in the diet?

Low glycemic fruits (C) Signup and view all the answers

What daily protein intake is recommended for individuals with kidney disease?

0.8 g/kg/day (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of utilizing the plate method in meal planning?

To manage calories and carbohydrates (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of monitoring blood sugar levels in diabetes management?

To assess how well the treatment plan is working (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which is a potential reason for the necessity of oral diabetes medications in type 2 diabetes?

Continued high blood sugar levels despite a healthy diet and exercise (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason people with type 1 diabetes need to inject synthetic insulin?

To manage their diabetes and survive (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary method is mentioned as a key strategy in managing diabetes?

Carbohydrate counting and the plate method (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does exercise contribute to diabetes management?

It can help lower blood sugar and increase insulin sensitivity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What other health risks are associated with tobacco use for people managing diabetes?

Increased risk of heart disease and kidney problems (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to check blood sugar levels before and after exercise when using insulin?

To prevent fluctuations in blood sugar from occurring (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should a diabetes management plan include to mitigate risks associated with sugary drinks?

Limiting the intake of sugary beverages (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of personalized Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) for diabetic patients?

To tailor eating plans based on individual needs (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which foods are emphasized in the nutritional therapy for diabetes management?

Non-starchy vegetables (C) Signup and view all the answers

What effect has Medical Nutrition Therapy been shown to have on A1C levels in type 1 diabetes?

Reduce A1C levels by 1-1.9% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is critical when assessing dietary intake in diabetic patients?

Tailoring advice based on individual intake and needs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why should low-carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes be followed under medical supervision?

They can result in adverse effects without guidance (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does carbohydrate monitoring play in diabetes management?

It assists with meal timing and medication management (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a principle of a successful meal planning strategy for diabetic patients?

Including a high amount of refined sugars (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be the focus of nutritional therapy when managing diabetes?

Balancing various macronutrients based on individual goals (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diabetes Awareness Campaign Content

Aim is to create engaging content to educate and empower individuals about diabetes prevention, management, and support.

General Information on Diabetes Types and Prevalence

Global diabetes prevalence in 20–79 year olds in 2021 was estimated at 10.5% (536.6 million people), projected to rise to 12.2% (783.2 million) in 2045.
Prevalence was similar in men and women, highest in 75-79 year olds.
Higher prevalence in urban areas (12.1%) compared to rural areas (8.3%).
Higher prevalence in high-income countries (11.1%) compared to low-income countries (5.5%).
In Oman in 2021, 11.8% of adults aged 20-79 had diabetes (approximately one in eight).
Approximately 445.6 thousand adults in Oman have diabetes, with 222.8 thousand undiagnosed.
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels.

Types of Diabetes

Type 1: Immune system mistakenly attacks beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, leading to insufficient insulin production and requiring external insulin.
Type 2: Body's cells become less responsive to insulin (insulin resistance). Pancreas initially produces more insulin, but eventually cannot keep up with the demand, leading to excess blood glucose.
Gestational: High blood sugar levels during pregnancy. Hormones from the placenta can block the mother's insulin, which makes it difficult to regulate blood sugar.

Diabetes Risk Factors

Modifiable: Diet (high calorie foods), physical inactivity, smoking.
Non-modifiable: Age, sex, family history of diabetes, ethnic background. (Risk factors for gestational diabetes: gestational diabetes during previous pregnancy, birth of a baby weighing over 4kg, overweight or obesity, age over 25, and family history of Type 2 diabetes)

Diagnosis Criteria

A1C test: Measures average blood glucose over 2 to 3 months. Diabetes diagnosed at A1C ≥ 6.5%.
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test: Measures fasting blood glucose after an 8-hour fast. Diabetes diagnosed at FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL.
Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): Measures blood glucose levels after drinking a glucose solution. Diabetes diagnosed at a 2-hour glucose level ≥ 200 mg/dl

Insulin Resistance: Symptoms and Signs

Muscle, fat, and liver cells don't respond well to insulin.
Excess body fat especially around the belly, and lack of physical activity.
Associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, PCOS and type 2 diabetes.
Common signs include darkened skin around armpits or neck, skin tags, slow healing cuts and sores, increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, blurred vision, and headaches.

Gestational Diabetes

High blood sugar levels during pregnancy.
Increased risk of complications during pregnancy and delivery, and higher risk of type 2 diabetes later.
Diagnosed through prenatal screening, not by symptoms.

Nutritional Therapy for Diabetic Patients

Meal Planning: Tailored to individual eating habits, preferences, and metabolic goals.
Individualized Nutrition Therapy: Working with registered dietitians for personalized recommendations.
Focus on non-starchy vegetables, avoiding starchy vegetables, minimizing added sugars and refined grains, and prioritizing whole foods over processed foods .
Key recommendations are to control portion sizes, include protein, whole grains, and lean proteins, and control carbohydrates.

Diabetes Monitoring and Self-Management

Assess current dietary intake, personalize advice on carbohydrate monitoring, meal timing, medication and activity.
Low-carbohydrate diets can be effective, but under medical supervision.
Plate method is a helpful tool for meal planning to manage calories and carbohydrates.

Weight Management

Essential for individuals with diabetes.
A 5% reduction in body weight can improve blood sugar levels, cholesterol, and blood pressure.

Preventing and Managing Diabetes

Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol intake are important.
Managing weight, stress, and blood glucose levels are essential.
Regular exercise is also beneficial.

Diabetes Complications

Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, eye disease, neuropathy, foot complications, skin complications, and oral complications.
Hearing loss is also linked to diabetes

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Life-threatening condition caused by an overload of ketones.
Developing when body breaks down fat for energy, due to lack of insulin.

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Description

This quiz aims to raise awareness about diabetes, its types, and global prevalence. Participants will learn about the importance of prevention, management, and support for individuals affected by diabetes. Engage with informative questions to enhance your understanding of this chronic metabolic disease.