Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome PDF

Diabetes and metabolic syndrome Blood Sugar (glucose) Response to a Meal hyperglycemia is more than 100 mg/deciliter Blood Sugar (glucose) Diabetes Mellitus prediabetes level is between 100-125 mg/dL hemoglobin A1c measures average blood glucose level from the past 2-3 months ...

Diabetes and metabolic syndrome Blood Sugar (glucose) Response to a Meal hyperglycemia is more than 100 mg/deciliter Blood Sugar (glucose) Diabetes Mellitus prediabetes level is between 100-125 mg/dL hemoglobin A1c measures average blood glucose level from the past 2-3 months  hemoglobin A1c measure the percentage of your bloods hemoglobin that's been covered in sugar (glycated) hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen Type 2 diabetes is more lifestyle influenced Type 2 diabetics usually take meds rather than injections Diabetes by the Numbers Shift towards type 2 diabetes Growth of Diabetes Diabetes 1.5 Insulin-Dependent Type 2 Diabetes Usually have had type 2 diabetes for years that has been unmanaged Type 2 diabetes becomes harder to control over time so efforts to control it may go unnoticed patients may need to take both medication and insulin injections Type 2 Diabetes - Risk Factors obesity is a major risk factor as we have more adipose tissue, insulin resistance is increased certain types of obesity increase this risk (visceral adiposity; apple) men: waist greater than 40 inches women: waist greater than 35 inches risk for different races are in relation to non-hispanic white americans the risks for poc races are in order PCOS is an endocrine disruption in women in which their progesterone product is lower than it should be their androgen production (male hormone) is higher than it should be. characterized by abnormal hair growth lose hair on head and growth in other areas weight gain and central weight gain abnormal menstrual cycles and infertility insulin resistance Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes polyphagia is a lot of hunger due to no glucose (perceived hunger by cells) polydipsia is a lot of thirst (perceived low blood volume and body wants to dilute) polyuria is a lot of urination (from drinking more water) infection increases as their is more glucose in the blood to fuel bacteria Long Term Effects of Diabetes  microvascular means affecting the smaller blood vessels macrovascular means affecting the larger blood vessels Lifestyle Recommendations for Prevention and Treatment fiber slows the digestion of carbohydrates leading to a sustained release higher the glycemic index, the faster carbohydrates move from the gut to the blood stream fat and protein also help slow down the digestion of carbohydrates Tools for Lifestyle Management ada exchange list and carbohydrate counting tools help measure carb intake  15g of carbohydrates = 1 unit of insulin administration for those that need insulin Meal Planning for Diabetes Physical Activity for Blood Glucose Management Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of conditions TG = triglycerides BP = blood pressure