Development and Genetic Questions Part 1 PDF

Here are **50 multiple-choice questions** based on the content provided. Each question has five answer choices with one correct answer. **Section I: Periods of Prenatal Development** **1. What is the first period of prenatal development?**\ A) Embryonic period\ B) Fetal period\ C) Geminal period\...

Here are **50 multiple-choice questions** based on the content provided. Each question has five answer choices with one correct answer. **Section I: Periods of Prenatal Development** **1. What is the first period of prenatal development?**\ A) Embryonic period\ B) Fetal period\ C) Geminal period\ D) Neonatal period\ E) Infancy\ **Correct Answer:** C **2. During which period do organ systems begin to develop?**\ A) Geminal period\ B) Embryonic period\ C) Fetal period\ D) Neonatal period\ E) Postovulatory age\ **Correct Answer:** B **3. What is the clinical age of an unborn child based on?**\ A) Date of fertilization\ B) Last menstrual period (LMP)\ C) Postovulatory age\ D) Date of implantation\ E) Morphological development\ **Correct Answer:** B **4. Which term describes a baby from birth to 1 month postpartum?**\ A) Infant\ B) Neonate\ C) Fetus\ D) Embryo\ E) Child\ **Correct Answer:** B **5. At what age range is puberty typically reached in females?**\ A) 8-10 years\ B) 11-13 years\ C) 14-16 years\ D) 17-19 years\ E) 20-22 years\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section II: Fertilization** **6. What is the role of the acrosomal reaction during fertilization?**\ A) Stimulate ovulation\ B) Create the female pronucleus\ C) Digest the zona pellucida\ D) Form the blastocyst\ E) Fuse the sperm and egg nuclei\ **Correct Answer:** C **7. What prevents polyspermy during fertilization?**\ A) Acrosomal reaction only\ B) Zona pellucida hardening\ C) Cortical reaction\ D) Fast and slow blocks\ E) Both C and D\ **Correct Answer:** E **8. What is the result of the second meiotic division in the oocyte?**\ A) Formation of a morula\ B) Creation of the male pronucleus\ C) Formation of a polar body and female pronucleus\ D) Division into a zygote and trophoblast\ E) Release of the zona pellucida\ **Correct Answer:** C **9. What structure results from the fusion of male and female pronuclei?**\ A) Blastocyst\ B) Embryo\ C) Zygote\ D) Morula\ E) Syncytiotrophoblast\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section III: Fertilization to Implantation** **10. What term describes a solid ball of 12 or more cells after cleavage?**\ A) Zygote\ B) Morula\ C) Blastocyst\ D) Trophoblast\ E) Embryo\ **Correct Answer:** B **11. At what stage does the blastocyst form?**\ A) Day 2\ B) Day 3-4\ C) Day 5-7\ D) Day 10-12\ E) Day 14\ **Correct Answer:** C **12. What structure develops into the placenta?**\ A) Inner cell mass\ B) Trophoblast\ C) Blastocyst cavity\ D) Zona pellucida\ E) Morula\ **Correct Answer:** B **13. What event occurs during implantation?**\ A) Fertilization of the oocyte\ B) Formation of the morula\ C) Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine wall\ D) Creation of the zygote\ E) Development of germ layers\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section IV: Twins** **14. What describes monozygotic twins?**\ A) Twins from separate zygotes\ B) Two embryos from one zygote\ C) Twins with separate placentas and amniotic sacs\ D) Two embryos sharing only an amniotic sac\ E) Non-identical twins\ **Correct Answer:** B **15. How do dizygotic twins develop?**\ A) From a single fertilized egg\ B) By sharing a placenta\ C) From two separate zygotes\ D) By sharing a single amniotic sac\ E) By division of a morula\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section V: Morula vs. Blastocyst** **16. What is a key difference between a morula and a blastocyst?**\ A) Morula is hollow; blastocyst is solid\ B) Morula forms after the blastocyst\ C) Blastocyst has differentiated cells; morula does not\ D) Blastocyst develops first\ E) Both have a trophoblast\ **Correct Answer:** C **17. What structure in the blastocyst becomes the embryo?**\ A) Trophoblast\ B) Inner cell mass\ C) Zona pellucida\ D) Syncytiotrophoblast\ E) Chorion\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section VI: Placenta** **18. What cells invade the uterine wall during implantation?**\ A) Cytotrophoblasts\ B) Syncytiotrophoblasts\ C) Inner cell mass\ D) Embryonic germ cells\ E) Morula cells\ **Correct Answer:** B **19. What is the primary function of the placenta?**\ A) Produce amniotic fluid\ B) Provide nutrients and oxygen to the fetus\ C) Form the germ layers\ D) Store genetic material\ E) Trigger ovulation\ **Correct Answer:** B **20. How are maternal and fetal blood supplies separated in the placenta?**\ A) Chorion and amniotic sac\ B) Embryonic capillary wall and chorion\ C) Umbilical cord\ D) Syncytiotrophoblast only\ E) Cytotrophoblast only\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section VII: Fetal Development** **21. At what stage does an embryo become a fetus?**\ A) Day 14\ B) End of the 8th week\ C) End of the 2nd month\ D) Start of the 9th week\ E) Day 60\ **Correct Answer:** D **22. What is the term for fine hair covering a fetus?**\ A) Lanugo\ B) Vernix caseosa\ C) Chorion\ D) Syncytiotrophoblast\ E) Cytotrophoblast\ **Correct Answer:** A **23. What is the purpose of vernix caseosa?**\ A) Provide nutrients\ B) Protect the fetus's skin\ C) Stimulate implantation\ D) Aid in blood circulation\ E) Form the amniotic sac\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section VIII: Growth and Changes** **24. When does rapid fetal growth primarily occur?**\ A) Geminal period\ B) Embryonic period\ C) Fetal period\ D) Neonatal period\ E) Adolescent stage\ **Correct Answer:** C **25. What is the purpose of cytotrophoblast cords?**\ A) Form the placenta\ B) Protrude into lacunae to support blood vessel formation\ C) Create the syncytiotrophoblast\ D) Facilitate implantation\ E) Form the umbilical cord\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section IX: Genetic Factors and Birth** **26. What defines a zygote?**\ A) A single cell after fertilization\ B) A hollow ball of cells\ C) A solid ball of cells\ D) A differentiated embryo\ E) A stage before pronuclear fusion\ **Correct Answer:** A **27. What is the main function of the umbilical cord?**\ A) Protect the fetus\ B) Connect the fetus to the placenta\ C) Separate maternal and fetal blood supplies\ D) Produce hormones for fetal development\ E) Provide amniotic fluid\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section X: Additional Questions** **28. What hormone is primarily produced by the trophoblast during early pregnancy?**\ A) Estrogen\ B) Progesterone\ C) hCG\ D) LH\ E) FSH\ **Correct Answer:** C **29. When do the lacunae fill with maternal blood?**\ A) 6 days post-fertilization\ B) 10 days post-fertilization\ C) 14-20 days post-fertilization\ D) 1 month post-fertilization\ E) 2 months post-fertilization\ **Correct Answer:** C **30. What structure secretes proteolytic enzymes during implantation?**\ A) Zona pellucida\ B) Cytotrophoblast\ C) Syncytiotrophoblast\ D) Chorion\ E) Amniotic sac\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section XI: Twins (Continued)** **31. How often do monozygotic twins share both a placenta and an amniotic sac?**\ A) 1%\ B) 10%\ C) 25%\ D) 50%\ E) 70%\ **Correct Answer:** A **32. What distinguishes dizygotic twins from monozygotic twins?**\ A) They develop from one zygote\ B) They share a placenta\ C) They develop from two separate zygotes\ D) They are genetically identical\ E) They have one amniotic sac\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section XII: Implantation and Early Development** **33. What layer of the trophoblast invades the uterine wall during implantation?**\ A) Inner cell mass\ B) Cytotrophoblast\ C) Syncytiotrophoblast\ D) Zona pellucida\ E) Amniotic sac\ **Correct Answer:** C **34. What forms the embryonic portion of the placenta?**\ A) Blastocyst cavity\ B) Trophoblast\ C) Inner cell mass\ D) Morula\ E) Zona pellucida\ **Correct Answer:** B **35. When does implantation occur after fertilization?**\ A) 2-3 days\ B) 6-7 days\ C) 10-12 days\ D) 14 days\ E) 20 days\ **Correct Answer:** B **36. Which structure of the blastocyst prepares to implant in the uterus?**\ A) Morula\ B) Zona pellucida\ C) Cytotrophoblast\ D) Inner cell mass\ E) Trophoblast\ **Correct Answer:** E **Section XIII: Placenta (Continued)** **37. What does the chorion form during pregnancy?**\ A) Inner cell mass\ B) The maternal blood vessels\ C) The outermost layer of the placenta\ D) Cytotrophoblast cords\ E) Amniotic fluid\ **Correct Answer:** C **38. What is the primary role of the umbilical cord?**\ A) Separate maternal and fetal blood supplies\ B) Provide nutrients and oxygen from the placenta to the fetus\ C) Anchor the fetus to the uterus\ D) Produce hormones for fetal growth\ E) Store waste products\ **Correct Answer:** B **39. What separates fetal blood from maternal blood in the placenta?**\ A) Zona pellucida\ B) Embryonic capillary wall and chorion\ C) Cytotrophoblasts only\ D) Syncytiotrophoblast layer only\ E) Amniotic fluid\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section XIV: Fetal Development (Continued)** **40. What marks the beginning of the fetal period?**\ A) Formation of the blastocyst\ B) Start of the embryonic period\ C) End of the 8th week of development\ D) Start of organogenesis\ E) Completion of the morula\ **Correct Answer:** C **41. What structure becomes the chorionic villi?**\ A) Zona pellucida\ B) Cytotrophoblast cords\ C) Syncytiotrophoblast layer\ D) Morula\ E) Amniotic sac\ **Correct Answer:** B **42. What fetal structure limits the passage of harmful substances to the fetus?**\ A) Amniotic sac\ B) Syncytiotrophoblast\ C) Mature placenta\ D) Cytotrophoblast\ E) Umbilical cord\ **Correct Answer:** C **43. What is the waxy coating that protects the fetus's skin?**\ A) Chorion\ B) Vernix caseosa\ C) Lanugo\ D) Syncytiotrophoblast\ E) Amniotic sac\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section XV: Genetic Factors** **44. What is the term for cells that can develop into a wide range of tissues?**\ A) Totipotent\ B) Pluripotent\ C) Differentiated\ D) Somatic\ E) Blastomeres\ **Correct Answer:** B **45. What results from rapid mitotic divisions of the zygote?**\ A) Morula\ B) Blastocyst\ C) Inner cell mass\ D) Embryonic layers\ E) Cleavage\ **Correct Answer:** E **Section XVI: Twins and Development** **46. What is the main function of chorionic villi during pregnancy?**\ A) Protect the fetus from infections\ B) Facilitate maternal-fetal gas and nutrient exchange\ C) Form the syncytiotrophoblast layer\ D) Develop the umbilical cord\ E) Create the amniotic sac\ **Correct Answer:** B **47. What defines the morula stage?**\ A) A solid ball of undifferentiated cells\ B) Formation of the blastocyst cavity\ C) Presence of the trophoblast layer\ D) Implantation into the uterine wall\ E) Completion of the second meiotic division\ **Correct Answer:** A **48. What separates monozygotic twins from dizygotic twins?**\ A) Monozygotic twins have two separate placentas\ B) Dizygotic twins share a single zygote\ C) Monozygotic twins originate from one zygote\ D) Dizygotic twins share an amniotic sac\ E) Monozygotic twins develop from two oocytes\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section XVII: Additional Questions** **49. What happens to the zona pellucida during implantation?**\ A) It becomes the trophoblast\ B) It hardens to prevent polyspermy\ C) It is shed by the blastocyst\ D) It forms the placenta\ E) It develops into the chorion\ **Correct Answer:** C **50. What term refers to the hollow structure formed from the morula?**\ A) Embryo\ B) Blastocyst\ C) Zygote\ D) Chorion\ E) Syncytiotrophoblast\ **Correct Answer:** B