Orthodontic Anomalies Description and Classification PDF

DENT 4005-ORTHODONTICS II Description and Classification of Orthodontic Anomalies Dr. Beyza Hancıoğlu Kırcelli, DDS,PhD Professor Bahçeşehir University School of Dental Medicine Department of Orthodontics [email protected] References Contemporary Orthodontics William R. Proffit Elsevi...

DENT 4005-ORTHODONTICS II Description and Classification of Orthodontic Anomalies Dr. Beyza Hancıoğlu Kırcelli, DDS,PhD Professor Bahçeşehir University School of Dental Medicine Department of Orthodontics [email protected] References Contemporary Orthodontics William R. Proffit Elsevier • Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry concerned with the growth of the face, development of occlusion and the prevention and correction of occlusal anomalies/abnormalities. Description and Classification of Orthodontic Anomalies OCCLUSION When the teeth in the mandibular arch come into contact with those in the maxillary arch in any functional relation, are said to be in occlusion. (Wheeler’s) Description and Classification of Orthodontic Anomalies Father of Modern Orthodontics Edward H. Angle (1890’s) classified malocclusion Angle’s Classification First clear and simple definition of normal occlusion in the natural dentition. The upper first molars are the key to occlusion Description and Classification of Orthodontic Anomalies Normal Occlusion Upper and lower first molar relationship Mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar occludes in the buccal groove of the lower first molar. If the teeth were arranged on a smoothly curving line of occlusion and this molar relation existed, then normal occlusion would result. Class I Normal Occlusion There is alignment of the teeth, normal overjet and overbite and coincident maxillary and mandibular molars Perfectly aligned line of occlusion Malocclusion • Any irregularities in occlusion beyond the accepted range of normal. • Deflection from the normal relation of the teeth to other teeth in the same arch and/or to teeth in the opposing arch. • A malocclusion is a misalignment or incorrect relation between the teeth of the upper and lower dental arches when they approach each other and come into contact as the the lower jaw is closed ANGLE’S Classification of Malocclusion Father of Modern Orthodontics In 1988 Edward H. Angle published the first classification of malocclusion. The upper first molars are the key to occlusion The cassification are based on the relationship of the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar and the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar ANGLE’S Classification of Malocclusion Normal occlusion: Class I molar relation with a well aligned teeth in the line of occlusion. Class I: Normal relationship of the molars, but line of occlusion incorrect because of malposed teeth, rotations, or other causes. Class II: Lower molar occludes distally relative to upper molar Class III: Lower molar mesially occludes relative to upper molar Classification of Malocclusion • Why do we need to classify malocclusion? • “Classification is the morphological description of the dental, skeletal and soft tissue deviations from the norm” • Morphological deviations from the norm can be compiled into a problem list which is essential for treatment planning • Communication between professionals Description and Classification of Orthodontic Anomalies ANGLE’S Classification of Malocclusion Sagittal Relations Normal Class I Occlusion ANGLE’S Classification of Malocclusion Class I Normal Occlusion Class I Malocclusion Class II Division I Malocclusion Mesiobuccal cusp of the lower first molar occludes distal to the Class I position. • Proclined upper incisor • Increased overjet Class II Division 2 Malocclusion • Retroclined upper incisor, may be one or two lateral is proclined Mesiobuccal cusp of the lower first molar occludes distal to the Class I position. • Decreased overjet • Increase overbite Class II Sub-division Condition when the Class II molar releationship exists on only one side with normal molar relatiohship on the other side. Class III Malocclusion Mesiobuccal cusp of the lower first molar occludes mesial to the Class I position. Pseudo-Class III Malocclusion Class III Sub-division Sagittal Relations OVERJET The distance between the incisal edge of upper central incisor and the labial surface of the lower central incisor Overjet in Normal Occlusion Approx. 2 mm Sagittal Relations Normal Overjet Increased Overjet Schatz JP, Ostini E, Hakeberg M, Kiliaridis S. Large overjet as a risk factor of traumatic dental injuries: a prospective longitudinal study. Prog Orthod. 2020 Nov 9;21(1):41. Sagittal Relations Different types of Overjet Decreased Overjet Zero Overjet Edge-to-edge / Tet-a-tet Negative Overjet Malocclusion Dental Malocclusion Skeletal Malocclusion Skeletal Malocclusion Skeletal malocclusion is caused by the distortion of the proper mandibular and/or maxillary growth during fetal development. Skeletal Class II Malocclusion can be originated from: 1-Maxillar protrusion 2-Mandibular retrusion 3-Combination of Maxillar protrusion, mandibular retrusion Skeletal Class III Malocclusion can be originated from: 1-Maxillar retrusion 2-Mandibular protrusion 3-Combination of Maxillar retrusion, mandibular protrusion Both of the Skeletal Malocclusion and Dental Malocclusion are classified based on the 3 dimensions of space Sagittal (Dental, Skeletal) Vertical (Dental, Skeletal) Transversal(Dental, Skeletal) Angle’s Classification (Dental) is based on Sagittal relationship Skeletal Cl I, Skeletal Cl II and Skeletal Cl III maloclusions are also classified based on Sagittal relationship Vertical plane malocclusion • Deep Bite: Vertical overlap between maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth is excessive; increased. • Open Bite: There is no vertical overlap between the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. Vertical Relations OVERBITE The vertical distance between the incisal edge of upper central incisor and the lower central incisor edge Overbite in Normal Occlusion 2 – 4 mm Vertical Relations Normal Overbite Vertical Relations Deep Overbite Vertical Relations Open bite with Angle Class I molar relation Vertical Relations Buccal non-occlusion (Unilateral Brodie bite / Scissor bite / Telescope bite) Skeletal Vertical Relationships Normo-divergent Hypo-divergent Hyper-divergent Vertical Relations Deep Overbite with Class III malocclusion Vertical Relations Openbite with Angle Class III molar relation Vertical Relations Complex Openbite with Angle Class III molar relation Vertical Relations Complex open bite with Angle Class II molar relation Vertical Relations Openbite with severe Class III malocclusion Vertical Relations Lateral Open bite Transversal Malocclusion Transversal problems can be both skeletal or dental or exists both at the same time 1. Crossbite (Bilateral-Unilateral) 2. Non-occlusion Transverse Relations Normal buccolingual relation. The cup tips of the lower posterior teeth interdigitate with the central fossae of the upper posterior teeth. Bilateral Transverse Relations Bilateral Bilateral Posterior Crossbite Transverse Relations Unilateral Posterior Crossbite Transverse Relations Unilateral Buccal non-occlusion (Brodie bite / Scissor bite / Telescope bite) Buccal non-occlusion Transverse Relations Bilateral Posterior Edge-to-edge bite Transverse Relations Bilateral Posterior Crossbite Transverse Relations Severe Maxillary Skeletal Constriction Bad habit Transverse Relations Midline Transverse Relations Dentoalveolar midline shift in the upper arch Transverse Relations Dentoalveolar midline shift in the lower arch Transverse Relations Skeletal Mandibular Lateral Deviation Thank you...