Demography and Health 1. Week PDF

NUT 107 Demographic Structure and Health İstanbul Kent University Nutrition and Dietetic Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrit...

NUT 107 Demographic Structure and Health İstanbul Kent University Nutrition and Dietetic Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Aim of the Course To teach general demographic concepts, components and indicators, current demographic information on maternal and child health and nutrition. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Topics Week 1 Basic Demographic Concepts and Data Sources Week 2 Demographic Indicators Week 3 World population Week 4 Population Structure and Change Week 5 Fertility/ Mortality Week 6 Migration and Urbanization Week 7 Midterm Week 8 Population Policies/ Population and Nutrition Week 9 Maternal and Child Health Week 10 Anthropometric Indicators of Nutrition Week 11 Sustainable Development Goals Week 12 Homework Presentation Week 13 Homework Presentation Week 14 Homework Presentation Week 15 Final Exam Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Grade Assessment %30 %10 %60 Midterm Homework Final Exam Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  Homework ⮚Describe the average consumption of milk and dairy products, eggs, legumes, red and white meat, red and white meat, vegetables and fruits, fats, etc. by region and show how they compare with the requirements reported in TÜBER (Türkiye’ye Özgü Beslenme Rehberi). According to regions; compare demographic data such as female and male distribution, birth rates, mortality rates, physical activity and obesity status, etc. ⮚You can use TÜBER 2022 and TNSA (Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırmaları) data as a basis and you can also use other sources that you can cite (you should cite the source in APA format, not as an internet address). Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  Homework ⮚Presentations should not exceed 25-30 minutes. ⮚Each person should only give information about their own region. ⮚Presentations can also be made so that everyone can speak, or one person can be chosen as a spokesperson. ⮚Everyone should upload the assignments to Teams. ⮚Grading will be the same for everyone in the group. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Regions; West Marmara East Marmara İstanbul Aegean (Ege) (Batı Marmara) (Doğu Marmara) West Anatolia Mediterranean Central Anatolia Western Black Sea (Batı Anadolu) (Akdeniz) (Orta Anadolu) (Batı Karadeniz) Northeast Anatolia Southeast Anatolia Eastern Black Sea Middle East Anatolia (Kuzeydoğu (Güneydoğu (Doğu Karadeniz) Anadolu) (Ortadoğu Anadolu) Anadolu) Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Homework Homework Assessment Criteria Compliance Presentation Availability Presentation with Content and of Required Mastery Presentation Style Titles Time %100 %10 %25 %35 %30 Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Basic Demographic Concepts and Data Sources Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  What is Demography? Two words in Ancient Greek; Demos Grafos People, society Writing,drawing, description ⮚ The term demography was first used by Belgian statistician Achille Guillard in 1855. Demography or It is defined as the branch of science that studies the Population Science: structure, characteristics and changes of the population within a certain geography. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition Levent, A. K. S. U. (2011). Dünya'da Ve Türkiye'de Nüfus Analizleri. andof Sociological Istanbul Journal DieteticStudies, (25), 219-311.  What is Population? ⮚ It is the mass of individuals living in a certain area Population: at a certain time. ⮚ It is not considered a static phenomenon, but is constantly in motion in terms of time and space. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  Population Components Birth Death Migration Basic Demographic Equation Population: Starting Population + Births-Deaths+ Internal Migration-External Migration Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic What Does Demography Research? Numerical Size (How Many People?) 1 Population Distribution (Geographical) 2 Population Structure (Gender, Education, Age, etc.) 3 Population Change (Increase/Decrease) 4 Population Processes (Birth, Death, the Effect of Migration on 5 Population) Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic What Does Demography Examine? ⮚Since the 19th century; in addition to the numerical changes that occur in a population, it also examines the determinants, results and differentiation of these changes. Demography; is a discipline that analyzes the structure, distribution and changes in population size caused by birth, death and migration with statistical and mathematical techniques and examines the relationship and interaction of these phenomena among themselves and with other social, economic, biological and cultural phenomena. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  Demography HOW MANY? Technical-Formal Demographics: ⮚Collecting demographic data and analyzing them with demographic techniques, creating demographic indicators and examining the relationships between them. Economic-Social Demography (Population WHY? Research): ⮚Demographic phenomena are considered in a broad framework together with social, economic, political, biological, cultural, etc. variables. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  Why is Demographics Important? Policy ⮚Population change is one of the main sources Social Business among social, economic Planning Life and technical changes. Global Regional Human Local Resources Lecturer Beyzanur Planning ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Demography and Other Disciplines ⮚Demographic researches use techniques specific to demography, but also include approaches, concepts and theories from other disciplines. Sociology Ecology Geography Economy Genetics Statistics Nutrition Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Data Sources in Demography Population Censuses Population Registration Systems (Birth, death, marriages, divorces, etc.) Demographic Research Regional or Local Research on Society Research Conducted with Sampling Technique(e.g. TNSA) Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Population Censuses Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  Population Censuses ⮚It started in ancient times; ⮚In Egypt, China, Rome and Palestine. ⮚The purpose of censuses in the old period was to collect military population, labor force and taxes. ⮚Women and children were rarely counted. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  Censuses Historically ⮚The first censuses mentioned in the Bible; In 1491 BC, Caesar Austustus 1017 BC, during the reign of King David. It is known that a census was taken every 4 years in Rome and that it lasted 800 years. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL BT: before millatt Nutrition and Dietetic Censuses Historically ⮚The census held in Sweden in 1749 is considered the first census in Europe. ⮚The first census in the USA was in 1790. ⮚The first censuses in France and England were held in 1801. ⮚The first census in the Ottoman Empire took place in 1831, during World War II. It was built only for men during the reign of Mahmud. He ordered a census to find out how many soldiers would be recruited to the army and to calculate the taxes to be collected from the public. ⮚In the census held in 1844, women were counted. ⮚The first census in Turkey Lecturerwas conducted Beyzanur in 1927. ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Censuses Historically Promoted by the (United nations) UN after the Second World War, of the world's population Between 1855-1864 %17 Between 1953-1964 %78, Between 1965-1974 %55 Between 1975-1984 could be counted. Today, almost the entire world population is counted. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Population Censuses According to (United nations) UN; ⮚It is the process of collecting, compiling and publishing demographic, economic and social data on all people living in a particular country or a particular area over a period of time. Population Census; It is a legal obligation. Everyone must be counted separately. It must cover the entire area where the population will be determined. It must be done within a certain time period. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic ⮚Although the information obtained varies from country to country, these should be included in the censuses of all countries; Economic Education Activities Marital Level Gender Status Age Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Population Census Methods de facto; Counting everyone wherever they are, regardless of residence or population register de jure; Census taking into account residence or population register Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  Population Censuses in Turkey ⮚After the second census in 1935, population censuses were carried out regularly every 5 years. (1935-1990) ⮚Every 10 years after 1990: October 22, 2000 Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/nufus80app/html/1965_GNS_Soru_Kagidi.pdf  Population Censuses in Turkey ⮚A census method called "Address-Based Population Registration System- ADNKS" was introduced in Turkey, with an application that started in 2006 and was completed at the end of 2007. The curfew has been lifted. ⮚The last census was carried out in 2022. ⮚General population census in Turkey is carried out periodically by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK), which is the government institution responsible for carrying out statistical affairs in Turkey. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/nufus80app/html/1965_GNS_Soru_Kagidi.pdf Why is the Census Important? It is the most important data source regarding the entire country's population within the geographical area. It ensures the determination of resources to be allocated to local governments. It is a source for creating voter lists. It is the only source for address lists in determining the sampling frame to be used in research. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Problems with the Census Reaction to the census Error in terms of quantity: Undercount/Overcount Qualitative errors: ⮚ Errors caused by the person responding (Deliberately missing/incorrect reporting) ⮚ Errors caused by the census taker (transferring biases to the data) ⮚ High cost due to large population censuses Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Recording Systems Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Recording System ⮚The main reason for keeping population records is to fulfill legal rights and obligations. Issue an identity card Formalization of parents Owning property Take advantage of educational opportunities Exercise right to travel Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Recording system ⮚Vital Records: Regarding vital events such as birth, death, marriage, migration, divorce ⮚Partial Records: Social Security Institution etc. It is necessary to constantly collect information about the occurrence and frequency of vital events, convert this information into statistics, and keep up-to-date records for individuals in the population. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Recording system ⮚Keeping separate records for each individual ⮚Covering everyone within certain limits ⮚Short time between event and recording ⮚Presentation of results at regular time intervals ⮚Allows to see changes over time ⮚Calculation of rates for vital events such as birth, death, migration ⮚Population records are produced for a certain period of time (usually 1 year) Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Registration System in Turkey MERNİS Since 2022, responsible for Population and Citizenship Affairs under the Ministry of Interior (www.nvi.gov.tr) Computerization of population records (registry) Identity numbers There is online exchange of information between government agencies Address Based Population Registration System (ADNKS) TUİK responsible for the data Assigning people to an address with their T.C. Identity number Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Settlement-based but linkedNutrition to population and Dietetic Registration System in Turkey Immigration Related Records: ⮚Ministry of Interior ⮚Ministry of Foreign Affairs ⮚The Ministry of Labor and Social Security ⮚UN High Commissioner for Refugees ⮚general Directorate of Security Marriage Divorce Records: ⮚TUİK Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Problems with the Census Ignoring certain groups (incomplete registration of infant deaths) Underreporting in rural areas Bias by gender Statistics on migration are inadequate and unorganized Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Research Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Researches Information from different Ability to follow More periods change questions Applies to a In-depth and selected sample of quality the population information The census is small- Census costs less scale, according to than records records Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Research Methods It is the most widely used research method to get answers to how much/how many questions for Quantitative generalization based on numbers and measurement. Research It is based on sampling. It has a representative nature. It is a research method that is not based on numbers and measurement, does not aim at generalization, Qualitative and aims to understand experiences, feelings and Research thoughts, and seeks answers to the question of how. It hasLecturer no representative nature. Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Research Types Cross-sectional Longitudinal Retrospective Research Research Research Interviewing Follow-up of Past years' individuals individuals experiences of the participating in the participating in the individuals research at a certain research over time participating in the time (Qt) (Qt, Qt+1,…) research (Qt-2, Qt-1, Qt…) Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  Demographic Research in the World ⮚Knowledge, Attitude, Practice-KAP ⮚World Fertility Surveys ⮚Demographic and Health Surveys ⮚Family and Fertility Surveys ⮚Gender and Generations Surveys Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Demographic Research in Turkey ⮚ In Turkey, these researches were undertaken by TÜİK and Hacettepe University Population Research Institute. Türkiye Nüfus Araştırması (Turkey Population Survey) (1965-1968): The first most comprehensive demographic research - Hıfzı Sıhha Genel Müdürlüğü Every five years by HÜNEE: 1968: Research on Family Structure and Population Problems in Turkey 1973: Research on Population Structure and Population Problems in Turkey 1978: Fertility Research in Turkey 1983: Fertility and Family Health Research in Turkey 1988: Fertility and Health Survey in Turkey 1993: Population and Health Survey in Turkey 1998: Population and Health Survey in Turkey 2003: Population and Health Survey in Turkey 2008: Population and Health Survey in Turkey 2013: Population and Health Survey in Turkey Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL 2018: Population and Health Survey in Turkey Nutrition and Dietetic Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Problems for Research ⮚Poor data quality: ⮚Sampling errors ⮚Data collecting ⮚Interview bias ⮚Respondent bias ⮚Adverse field conditions ⮚Data entry and analysis ⮚Errors caused by the person entering data ⮚Analysis-related errors Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Comparison of Demographic Data Sources Censuses Recording Research Dystem Information for + + - every individual More information - - + Current - + - information Sampling errors - - + Cost - + - Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  THANKS [email protected] Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic