Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common issue associated with data quality in demographic research?
Which of the following surveys focused specifically on fertility issues in Turkey?
Which of the following is NOT a factor mentioned as a problem for research?
What is a notable characteristic of demographic research in Turkey conducted by HÜNEE?
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Which type of data collection method primarily provides current information rather than information for every individual?
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What is a primary characteristic of qualitative research?
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Which type of research involves studying individuals over a set period?
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What type of research focuses on past years' experiences of individuals?
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Which of the following is NOT a demographic research type conducted globally?
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Which organizations are responsible for demographic research in Turkey?
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What is a notable characteristic of quantitative research methods?
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Which of the following is a limitation of census data collection?
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Which system is responsible for the computerized population records in Turkey?
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Why is it important to record vital events such as birth and death rates?
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What type of research focuses on following changes over time within a selected population?
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Which agency in Turkey is responsible for marriage and divorce records?
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Which entity provides vital data exchange for census-related records in Turkey?
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What is one of the main advantages of research over census?
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What is a key advantage of using research methods over census methods?
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Which statement correctly describes quantitative research methods?
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What type of sampling does census data collection typically employ?
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Which of the following best describes a problem associated with census data collection?
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How does sample selection in research differ from the census?
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What is the primary focus of qualitative research?
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Which type of research collects data from individuals at a specific point in time?
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Which of these surveys is related to demographic research?
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What distinguishes longitudinal research from cross-sectional research?
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Which organization is primarily responsible for demographic research in Turkey?
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What is a characteristic of retrospective research?
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Which type of survey would include questions about personal experiences and feelings?
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What is an advantage of conducting population and health surveys compared to population censuses?
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Which of the following years did NOT have a fertility focus in the research conducted in Turkey?
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What is one potential consequence of interview bias in demographic research?
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Which demographic research problem relates specifically to errors during data entry?
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What was a primary focus of the 2003 Population and Health Survey in Turkey?
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Which of these problems for research is directly related to the conditions faced by researchers on-site?
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What is a key disadvantage of research methods compared to census data collection?
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Which year marked the introduction of the comprehensive demographic research known as Türkiye Nüfus Araştırması?
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What type of errors are NOT typically associated with census data collection?
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Which factor is related to an individual's response that may affect data quality?
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Title: Demographic Structure and Health
- Course Code: NUT 107
- University: Istanbul Kent University
- Lecturer: Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL
- Department: Nutrition and Dietetic
Course Aims
- Teach demographic concepts, components, and indicators
- Provide current information on maternal and child health and nutrition
Course Outline
- Week 1: Basic Demographic Concepts and Data Sources
- Week 2: Demographic Indicators
- Week 3: World population
- Week 4: Population Structure and Change
- Week 5: Fertility/Mortality
- Week 6: Migration and Urbanization
- Week 7: Midterm
- Week 8: Population Policies/Population and Nutrition
- Week 9: Maternal and Child Health
- Week 10: Anthropometric Indicators of Nutrition
- Week 11: Sustainable Development Goals
- Week 12: Homework Presentation
- Week 13: Homework Presentation
- Week 14: Homework Presentation
- Week 15: Final Exam
Grade Assessment
- Midterm: 30%
- Homework: 10%
- Final Exam: 60%
Homework Assignments
- General: Describe average consumption of milk/dairy products, eggs, legumes, red/white meat, vegetables, fruits, fats by region, compare to requirements of TÜBER (Türkiye'ye Özgü Beslenme Rehberi). Compare regional demographic data (female/male distribution, birth/mortality rates, physical activity, obesity status). Use TÜBER 2022 and TNSA data, cite sources in APA format.
- Presentation: Presentations should not exceed 25-30 minutes, present information on an assigned region.
- Teamwork: Ensure everyone uploads assignments to Teams. Everyone's grade for presentations will be the same within groups.
Regions
- Given a list of regions: West Marmara, Aegean, East Marmara, West Anatolia, Mediterranean, Central Anatolia, Western Black Sea, Eastern Black Sea, Northeast Anatolia, Southeast Anatolia, Middle East Anatolia.
Homework Assessment Criteria
- Compliance with Presentation Time (100%)
- Presentation Content and Style (25%)
- Availability of Required Titles (35%)
- Presentation Mastery (30%)
What is Demography?
- Two words in Ancient Greek: Demos (people, society) and Grafos (writing, drawing, description)
- Defined as the study of the structure, characteristics, and changes of the population within a geographic area.
- First used by Belgian statistician Achille Guillard in 1855.
What is Population?
- The total number of individuals living in a specific area at a specific time.
- Is dynamic (constantly changing due to time and space).
Population Components
- Birth
- Death
- Migration
Basic Demographic Equation:
- Starting Population + Births - Deaths + Internal Migration - External Migration = Population
What Does Demography Research?
- Numerical size of population
- Population distribution (geographical)
- Population structure (gender, education, age)
- Population change
- Population processes (birth, death, migration effects)
What Does Demography Examine?
- Numerical changes in population
- Determinants, results, and differentiation of the changes
Demography (Technical-Formal vs Economic-Social)
- Technical-Formal: collection and analysis of demographic data, creating demographic indicators, examining relationships
- Economic-Social (Population Research): demographic phenomena, social, economic, political, biological, cultural factors
Why is Demographics Important?
- Population change impacts social, economic, and technical changes.
- Influences various areas (policy, social planning, business life, global/regional/local planning human resources).
Demography and Other Disciplines
- Demography incorporates approaches, concepts, and theories from other disciplines (economics, sociology, ecology, geography, genetics, statistics, nutrition).
Data Sources in Demography
- Population Censuses
- Population Registration Systems (birth, death, marriage, divorce)
- Demographic Research
- Regional/Local Research on Society
- Sampling Techniques (e.g., TNSA)
Population Censuses
- Ancient practice (Egypt, China, Rome, Palestine).
- Used for military, population, labor force, and taxes.
- Historically, women and children often not counted.
- Modern censuses (Sweden 1749, USA 1790, France/England 1801)
- Importance increased under UN guidance (world population counted over time).
- Now nearly universal.
Censuses Historically (Turkey)
- First census mentioned biblically.
- Turkish censuses (often every 5 years, now every 10 years)
- Address-Based Population Registration System (ADNKS)
- Conducted by TUIK.
Why is the Census Important?
- Critical data source for the entire country's population.
- Determines resources allocation for local governments.
- Used to create voter lists.
- Creates the sampling frame for research.
Problems with the Census
- Reaction to the census
- Errors (undercount/overcount, qualitatively, reporting, data transfer bias)
- High cost from large population size
Recording Systems
- Main reason: fulfilling legal rights, issue identity cards, formalizing parents, owning property, education opportunities, right to travel
- Vital Records (birth, death, marriage, migration, divorce)
- Partial Records (Social Security Institution etc.)
- Constant information collection, converted to statistics, up-to-date records for individuals.
Recording System (details)
- Separate records for each individual
- Covering everyone within limits
- Time between event and recording is short.
- Results presented regularly
Registration System in Turkey
- MERNİS since 2022 (Ministry of Interior, population, citizenship affairs)
- Computerization of population records, identity numbers
- Online information exchange between government agencies
- Address Based Population Registration System (ADNKS)
- TÜİK responsible for assigning people to addresses.
Registration System in Turkey (Immigration/Marriage/Divorce related)
- Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Labor, UN offices, related directorates
- Marriage/Divorce Records managed by TÜİK
Problems with the Census Research
- Ignoring groups (incompleteness)
- Underreporting (in rural areas)
- Gender bias
- Inadequate/unorganized migration statistics
Researches (overview)
- More questions, information from different periods, focused on a selected population sample, in-depth and quality information. Smaller scale than census studies (lower cost).
Research Methods
- Qualitative research (not based on numbers/measurement, aims to understand experiences, feelings, thoughts, answers to the 'how' question).
- Quantitative research (most widely used to answer how much/many questions, uses numbers/measurement, uses sampling, representative nature).
Research Types
- Cross-sectional research (interviewing individuals at a designated time).
- Longitudinal research (follow-up of individuals over time).
- Retrospective research (examining past experiences of individuals).
Demographic Research in the World
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) surveys
- World Fertility Surveys
- Demographic and Health Surveys
- Family and Fertility Surveys
- Gender and Generations Surveys
Demographic Research in Turkey
- TÜİK and Hacettepe University Population Research Institute.
- Turkey Population Survey (1965-1968), most comprehensive.
- Hıfzı Sıhha Genel Müdürlüğü
- Every five years from HÜNEE (since 1968, including Family Structure, Fertility, Health Surveys).
Problems for Research
- Poor data quality (sampling errors, data collection, interview bias, respondent bias, field conditions, data entry/analysis errors)
- Analysis related errors
Comparison of Demographic Data Sources
- Censuses: Information for every individual, but may lack current information, prone to sampling errors, high cost
- Recording Systems: Current information, less prone to sampling errors, but may not have info for every individual, lower cost
- Research: More information, but may have sampling errors, lower cost, usually focused on a selected population sample.
Contact Information
- email address for the lecturer
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from the course 'Demographic Structure and Health.' It focuses on demographic indicators, maternal and child health, and nutrition, among other critical topics. Test your knowledge of the demographic factors influencing health and nutrition outcomes.
