Definition of Health, Disease, and Public Health PDF

Summary

This presentation defines health, disease, and public health, providing perspectives from various medical disciplines. It explores different dimensions of health—physical, mental, and social—and discusses the crucial role of public health in preventing diseases and promoting overall well-being.

Full Transcript

Definition of Health, Disease, and public health Asst. Prof. Dr. Basheer Al-Ali M.B.Ch.B ABHS/C.M Department of Family and Community Medicine University of Kerbala/ College of Medicine Concept of Health Health is difficult to define b...

Definition of Health, Disease, and public health Asst. Prof. Dr. Basheer Al-Ali M.B.Ch.B ABHS/C.M Department of Family and Community Medicine University of Kerbala/ College of Medicine Concept of Health Health is difficult to define but easier to understand. To many of us it may mean absence of disease or infirmity and to many it may mean sound body and sound mind and sound functions of the body. Concept of Health To an anatomist Healthy body means it should confirm to normal anatomical structures. To a physiologist Health means normal body functions. Concept of Health To a biochemist It means normal biochemical levels / values. To a pathologist It means normal cellular make up. Concept of Health To a psychiatrist It means well adjusted and a balanced personality. Concept of Health To a geneticist It means correct existence of genetic potential. Similarly to a clinician it means no abnormality in structure and function of the body. When a clinician fails to detect anything abnormal by his clinical wisdom and laboratory tests he labels a person no abnormality detected (NAD). Concept of Health “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. “WHO” Physical Health It means adequate body weight, height and circumference as per age and sex with acceptable level of vision, hearing, locomotion or movements, acceptable levels of pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, chest circumference, head circumference, waist hip ratio. Mental health Mental health is defined “as a state of well being in which the individual realized his or her own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her community”. Social wellbeing It is the third dimension of health. It means ability of a person to adjust with others in his social life, at home, at work place and with people. Men interact with men and they inter-relate and inter depend on each other and pay their effective role in accordance with a situation. Health is a fundamental human right. The attainment of highest possible level of health is the most important world wide social goal. What is Disease The meaning of “Disease” is “without ease” (uneasiness) Either a Physiological /Psychological dysfunction What is Disease Is any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part, organ, or system of the body that is manifested by a characteristic set of one or more signs or symptoms. An illness is what you have. Illness is real. An illness is what the patient has. An illness is a negative health condition, with a cause. Every illness has a cause. Illness (the person’s subjective experience of symptoms. What the patient brings to the doctor). A disease is what a doctor diagnoses. Diseases and medical conditions are what medical doctors can diagnose. “A patient goes to the doctor with an illness, and goes home with a disease.” A sickness is the society’s view, or the community view of an illness or other condition, not necessarily a medical condition. We might describe a sadist as “sick”. They don’t have an illness that can be cured, and they cannot be diagnosed with a disease. The public health The field of medicine concerned with safeguarding and improving the health of the community as a whole. “ The science and art of preventing disease, promoting health, and prolonging life through organized effort of the community”. The public health Thus public health is the approach to medicine that is concerned with the health of the community as a whole. The vision of public health is to obtain a healthy people in healthy communities, while its mission is to promote physical and mental health and prevent disease, injury, and disability. The public health KEY PUBLIC HEALTH FUNCTIONS Public health services perform a wide range of functions, which can be classified as four key elements: Assessing and monitoring of the health of the population. Planning, implementing and evaluating public health programs. Identifying and dealing with environmental hazards. Communicating with people and organizations to promote public health. The public health What is the importance of such population pyramid? -Health policy planning according to the health needs of the population. -We’ll have different diseases in these two kinds of communities; in developing we’ll have upper respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, malnutrition & infectious diseases (immunization). While in developed countries we’ll have problems of older age groups obesity, CVA, IHD, CA etc. The public health However, in the majority of countries of the world the main function of public health services system at present is prevention of diseases and health preservation of healthy people; that is why it is very important to use the indicators positively estimating health like health index.

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