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8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet A plant is unable to produce an ovule. Which structure is most likely not functioning...

8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet A plant is unable to produce an ovule. Which structure is most likely not functioning properly? A. Stamen C. Pistil B. Anther C. Pistil D. Stigma E. Petal What mitochondrial process occurs at the indicated point? A. Pyruvate manipulations A. Pyruvate manipulations B. Oxidative phosphorylation C. Lactic acid fermentation D. Glycolysis pyruvate manipulations The mitochondrial matrix is the site of the ____, the ____, and the breakdown of ___. citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) fatty acids via beta-oxidation Which of the following is correct regarding photosynthesis? A. Light dependent reactions produce NADH C. Light independent reactions produce B. Light dependent reactions occur along the plant cell's plasma membrane glucose C. Light independent reactions produce glucose D. Light independent reactions produce ATP E. Light independent reactions occur in the chloroplast's intermembrane space C. Species 3 and 4 compete for the same Which of the following statements can be concluded based on the following niche population vs. time chart? A. Species 1 has the highest biomass Over a period of six months, competition B. Species 2 and 4 experienced the same ecological selective pressure between these two species results in an C. Species 3 and 4 compete for the same niche increase in the population size of species 3, D. Species 3 caused the extinction of species 2 and a decrease in the population size of E. Intraspecific competition is taking place between species 4 and 2 species 4. Species 3 is more adapted to the niche, and therefore outcompetes and dominates species 4. Which of the following is true of enzymes? A. Does not change the equilibrium constant of a reaction A. Does not change the equilibrium constant B. Lowers the overall energy change of the reaction of a reaction C. Slows the rate of the reverse reaction D. Shifts reaction equilibrium to produce more products E. Increases activation energy All of the following are functions of the kidney EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Regulate blood pressure D. Produce androgens B. Regulate blood pH C. Stimulate generation of new red blood cells D. Produce androgens Androgens (male sex hormones) are primarily produced by the _____, as well as a small testes amount by the adrenal glands and ovaries. Which of the following leukocytes functions as antigen-presenting cells? A. Dendritic cells and macrophages A. Dendritic cells and macrophages B. Macrophages and neutrophils C. Neutrophils and natural killer cells D. Mast cells and dendritic cells dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells 3 antigen presenting cells https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 58/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet A savanna drought drives a few members of an antelope population to migrate far north and they end up establishing a separate colony. What term best describes this event? B. Genetic drift A. Sympatric speciation B. Genetic drift founder effect is represented here C. Gene flow D. Temporal isolation E. Divergent evolution Genetic drift is the random increase or decrease of allele frequencies. process of moving alleles between populations through individuals' migration gene flow this causes alleles to mix and eventually make variations between populations smaller. A puppy once lived near a bee nest and was stung. As an adult, the dog becomes frightened and runs away when it sees a wasp. Which term best describes this E. Stimulus generalization phenomenon? A. Imprinting Conditioned animal = dog B. Complex reflex Original conditioned stimulus = bees C. Observational learning Similar non-identical stimulus = wasps D. Fixed action pattern E. Stimulus generalization occurs when a conditioned animal responds to stimuli that are not identical to the Stimulus generalization original conditioned stimulus. Oxidative phosphorylation can be best described as what type of process? A. Exergonic A. Exergonic B. Endergonic C. Nonspontaneous D. Isenthalpic All of the following are granulocytes EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Neutrophils B. Natural killer cells B. Natural killer cells C. Eosinophils D. Basophils Which of the following is a pancreatic protease? A. Amylase B. Acetylcholinesterase C. Trypsin C. Trypsin D. Nuclease E. Pepsin Two parents produce an offspring that is more fit than either of the parents. What is this most likely an example of? A. Genetic drift C. Heterozygote advantage B. Polyploidy C. Heterozygote advantage D. Hemizygosity E. Adaptive radiation If the body is depleted of glycogen, which of the following processes can produce glucose from amino acids? A. Ketogenesis C. Gluconeogenesis B. Glycogenesis C. Gluconeogenesis D. Glycolysis E. Glycogenolysis https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 59/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet Rats eat grasshoppers, grasshoppers eat grass, and snakes eat rats. Which organism is the primary consumer? A. Grass B. Grasshopper B. Grasshopper C. Rat D. Snake Which enzyme cleaves DNA into smaller fragments? A. Ligase B. Protease D. Exonuclease C. Helicase D. Exonuclease E. Catalase Bacteria causes syphilis. Which of the following best shows syphilis is evolving through natural selection? D. There's more antibiotic resistance now A. New antibiotic classes are effective against syphilis than previously B. Syphilis is present in more patients C. A new species that causes similar symptoms to syphilis is discovered D. There's more antibiotic resistance now than previously What force is present in the primary structure of a protein? A. Hydrogen bonds D. Peptide bonds B. R-group interactions C. Disulfide bonds D. Peptide bonds Where does rRNA synthesis take place within an eukaryotic cell? A. Ribosome B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. Nucleolus C. Nucleolus D. Nucleosome E. Rough endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm Ribosomal subunits are exported from the nucleus and assembled in the ___. A scientist discovers a plant-like unicellular organism with a nucleus. Which kingdom should this organism be categorized under? C. Protista A. Fungi B. Plantae plant-like protists C. Protista D. Animalia E. Archaea What is the most superficial layer of the skin? A. Stratum basale B. Stratum corneum B. Stratum corneum C. Stratum lucidum D. Stratum germinativum Tall plants (T) are dominant to short plants (t) and red petals (R) are dominant to white petals (r). A cross between short, red petaled parents produces a progeny of 3/4 short D. ttRr and red and 1/4 short and white. What are the genotypes of the parents? A. TtRR tt x tt = 1/1 B. TtRr Rr x Rr = 3/4 red C. ttRR D. ttRr E. ttrr https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 60/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet All of the following choices correctly match a hormone and its target EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Vasopressin — nephrons E. Adrenocorticotropic hormone — adrenal B. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone — anterior pituitary medulla C. Calcitonin — bone D. Oxytocin — mammary gland E. Adrenocorticotropic hormone — adrenal medulla Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a tropic hormone (hormone that acts on other adrenal cortex endocrine glands) that targets the ___ ___. This hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to glucocorticoids release ____ to combat stress. What is the function of thyroxine? A. Decrease osteoclast activity E. Increase cell metabolism B. Decrease intestinal calcium absorption C. Increase blood calcium levels T3 and T4 D. Increase blood glucose E. Increase cell metabolism Which of the following describes the function of the seminiferous tubules? A. The site of sperm production B. Where sperm are stored for maturation A. The site of sperm production C. Tubules that move sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct D. Where vas deferens meets seminal vesicles E. Secrete alkaline solution epididymis The ____ is where sperm are stored for maturation. Which of the following channel activities corresponds to the portion of the graph indicated by the arrow? A. Ligand-gated Ca2+ channels closing C. Voltage-gated K+ channels opening B. Ligand-gated Na+ channels opening C. Voltage-gated K+ channels opening D. Voltage-gated K+ channels closing E. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels opening What does the notochord develop into? A. Skeletal muscle B. Vertebral column B. Vertebral column C. Peripheral nervous system D. Central nervous system Which of the following is true of platelets? A. Contain multiple nuclei C. Megakaryocytes are the precursors to B. Cell fragments of old red blood cells platelets C. Megakaryocytes are the precursors to platelets D. Activated platelets release fibrin thromboplastin Platelets are anucleate and they release ____ when activated. How many autosomes are present in the nucleus of a human cell? A. 2 B. 22 D. 44 C. 23 D. 44 E. 46 https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 61/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet What would be an expected response to low blood sugar? A. Decreased calcitonin B. Increased adrenocorticotropic hormone B. Increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) C. Increased insulin D. Increased glomerular filtration rate In response to hypoglycemia, the hypothalamus would release CRH in order to release increase ACTH, which stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol to ___ blood sugar. What enzyme relieves supercoiling on the replicating strand during DNA replication? A. DNA helicase B. DNA polymerase E. Topoisomerase C. Single strand binding proteins D. Telomerase E. Topoisomerase During which stages of cellular respiration is NADH produced? A. Glycolysis, electron transport chain C. Glycolysis, pyruvate decarboxylation, B. Citric acid cycle, electron transport chain citric acid cycle C. Glycolysis, pyruvate decarboxylation, citric acid cycle D. Glycolysis, pyruvate decarboxylation, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain All of the following influence fractionation of a cell homogenate in differential centrifugation EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Mass B. Charge B. Charge C. Density D. Shape Parathyroid hormone will increase which of the following in the nephron? A. Reabsorption of potassium ions B. Reabsorption of calcium ions B. Reabsorption of calcium ions C. Reabsorption of water D. Secretion of chloride ions E. Secretion of sodium ions All of the following structures can be found in animal cells EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Peroxisomes D. Plastids B. Centrosomes C. Flagella D. Plastids E. Vacuoles ____ are membrane-bound organelles commonly found in the cells of plants and algae. Plastids They often contain pigments used in photosynthesis. For example, plastids that contain chlorophyll can carry out photosynthesis and are called chloroplasts. The maximum frequency of action potentials is determined by which of the following? A. Absolute refractory period B. Relative refractory period A. Absolute refractory period C. Threshold potential D. Diameter of neuron E. Type of neurotransmitter Which of the following pairs of structures have similarity in function? A. Sympathetic nervous system and adrenal cortex C. Sympathetic nervous system and adrenal B. Sympathetic nervous system and thyroid gland medulla C. Sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla D. Parasympathetic nervous system and adrenal cortex E. Parasympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 62/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet The sympathetic nervous system is our bodies main mechanism to prepare for the medulla "flight or fight" response. When activated, it signals the adrenal ___ to produce catecholamines. All of the following directly utilize an electrochemical gradient EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Flagella rotation D. Myosin power stroke B. Mitochondria C. Chloroplasts D. Myosin power stroke E. Neurons An unedited human gene is inserted into a prokaryote to study its function. However, the prokaryote does not express the inserted gene. Which of the following is the most likely reason the prokaryote cannot express the human gene? B. Prokaryotes lack the ability to remove A. Prokaryotes are unable to transcribe eukaryotic DNA introns B. Prokaryotes lack the ability to remove introns C. Prokaryotic ribosomes cannot translate eukaryotic mRNA D. Eukaryotic DNA contains histones that prevent transcription E. Prokaryotes use a separate genetic code to store information What is the probability of making an XxyyZZ offspring from XxYyZz and XXYyZZ parents? A. 1/32 B. 1/16 B. 1/16 C. 1/8 D. 1/4 E. 1/2 Which cell would have the highest concentration of lysosomes? A. Beta cells B. Myocytes C. Macrophages C. Macrophages D. Erythrocytes E. Neurons are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes that are used to break Lysosomes down waste, antigens, bacteria, and debris. What is the main blood buffer in humans? A. Amphipathic proteins D. Bicarbonate B. Phosphate C. Sulfate D. Bicarbonate What is a feature of mitosis that is NOT present in meiosis I? A. Centromeres split in two B. Interphase prior to division A. Centromeres split in two C. Chromosomes lining up at metaphase plate D. Division into two daughter cells E. Pairing of homologous chromosomes Which organism would be found first during secondary succession? A. Algae C. Grass B. Mouse C. Grass D. Fungus ___ succession is a form of ecological succession that occurs on terrain that has Secondary previously supported life but has been destroyed by a disturbance, such as a forest fire or flood. https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 63/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet What is the best methodology to diagnose Down syndrome? A. Gel electrophoresis B. ELISA E. Karyotyping C. SDS-PAGE D. DNA microarray E. Karyotyping What helps some bacteria survive in extreme environments? A. Teichoic acids B. Endotoxin D. Endospore C. Endosperm D. Endospore E. Cell wall Megaspores will develop into which of the following? A. Male sporophyte D. Female gametophyte B. Male gametophyte C. Female sporophyte D. Female gametophyte ___ become the male gametophytes. Microspores Megaspores ___ divide into the female gametophytes. A person eats pasta containing 14C-labeled carbohydrates. After digestion and absorption, where would radioactivity accumulate? A. Spleen E. Liver B. Colon C. Pancreas D. Stomach E. Liver Which of the following is a functional limitation that encourages cell division? A. Large genome to volume ratio B. Cell enters the G0 phase E. Large cell volume C. Density dependent inhibition D. Large surface area to volume ratio E. Large cell volume A ____ surface area to volume ratio and ___ genome to volume ratio is favorable for the large / large cell and the cell does not need to divide to survive. B. 1/16 If genes A, B, and C are unlinked and autosomal, what is the probability that an individual with the genotype AaBbCC will be born from a cross between AaBbCc × 1/2 chance of getting Aa from the cross AaBbCc? between gene A A. 1/32 1/2 chance of getting Bb from the cross B. 1/16 between gene B C. 1/8 1/4 chance to get CC from the cross D. 1/4 between gene C E. 1/2 How is most energy lost as it progresses through the trophic levels of an ecosystem? A. Excretion B. Heat loss B. Heat loss C. Decomposition D. Kinetic energy E. Reproduction https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 64/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet Which cellular process can synthesize glucose molecules? A. Beta-oxidation B. Glycogenolysis D. Gluconeogenesis C. Glycolysis D. Gluconeogenesis E. Glycogenesis An artery is partially blocked by plaque build-up, but is cleared and allowed to re- expand so blood can flow through freely. Which of the following would be an effect of the change? D. Blood flow would increase through A. Nutrients would decrease in the tissues venous valves B. Oxygen would decrease in the tissues C. CO2 would increase in the tissues D. Blood flow would increase through venous valves What is the function of the organelle depicted in the image below? A. Lipid storage C. Protein synthesis B. Steroid synthesis C. Protein synthesis D. Detoxification of cells E. DNA storage What is the function of a major histocompatibility complex class I molecule? A. Display foreign antigens B. Warn nearby cells of infection D. Self-recognition of body cells C. Activate the complement system D. Self-recognition of body cells E. Phagocytose pathogens Major histocompatibility complex class II is expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, and functions to present (not class I) foreign antigens to the adaptive immune system and activate B and T cells. If the biological success of a biome is measured by its greatest diversity of different species, then which biome is the most successful? A. Temperate deciduous forest B. Tropical rainforest B. Tropical rainforest C. Tropical savanna D. Tundra E. Desert Which of the following is a vascular plant that does NOT produce seeds? A. Gymnosperms C. Ferns B. Angiosperms C. Ferns D. Moss Which of the following directly contributes to cellular recognition? A. Clathrin-coated membrane B. Membrane glycoproteins B. Membrane glycoproteins C. Membrane fluidity D. Membrane porins E. Anchoring junctions What is the function of the microvilli in the small intestine? A. Increase surface area for absorption B. Mechanically break down food into smaller pieces A. Increase surface area for absorption C. Secrete enzymes to digest food D. Push food through the small intestine E. Neutralize the acid from the stomach https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 65/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet Where does beta-oxidation occur? A. Cytosol B. Mitochondrial matrix B. Mitochondrial matrix C. Mitochondrial intermembrane space D. Mitochondrial inner membrane acetyl-CoA Free fatty acids enter cellular respiration as ____ molecules through beta-oxidation. A researcher is studying bacteria containing lipopolysaccharides. What else would the researcher find in this bacteria? A. Teichoic acids B. Stains pink B. Stains pink C. Thick peptidoglycan layer D. Does not secrete endotoxins E. Does not possess a capsule Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiac muscle cells that is NOT a feature found in smooth muscle cells? A. Involuntary C. Striated B. One nucleus per cell C. Striated D. Lacks intercalated discs E. Contraction through sliding filaments Intercalated discs (gap junctions and desmosomes) are microscopic features that are cardiac found in ___ muscle Which molecule is split at the beginning of photosynthesis? A. O2 B. H2O B. H2O C. NADPH D. C6H12O6 E. CO2 All of the following are ways to achieve sympatric speciation EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Balanced polymorphism B. Gamete isolation B. Gamete isolation C. Polyploidy D. Hybridization All of the following statements about viral replication are true EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. In the lysogenic cycle, the virus remains dormant in the host cell until triggered B. The virus sheds its plasma membrane upon B. The virus sheds its plasma membrane upon entering a host cell entering a host cell C. Viral genomes and proteins are synthesized using host cell machinery D. In the lytic cycle, the virus will destroy the host cell E. The viral genome may have RNA or DNA as its starting point for replication virus A ____ has no plasma membrane, no cell wall, and no organelles. two species that diverged from a common ancestor develop similar adaptations Parallel Evolution Example Bird and Bat a structure of similar origins develops differently between two different species in order to accomplish different functions. Divergent Evolution Example: Human arms and bat wings have the same bone structure https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 66/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet two species impart selective pressures on one another Coevolution Example: Flowering plants and pollinators UNRELATED organisms develop similar structures (analogous structures) Convergent evolution Example Bat and Dragonfly both have wings certain extreme of trait is favored Directional Selection Example: giraffe long neck What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? A. Increases permeability to water in the collecting duct A. Increases permeability to water in the B. Decreases sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule collecting duct C. Decreases permeability to water in the collecting duct D. Increases water reabsorption in the Loop of Henle E. Decreases permeability to water in the proximal convoluted tubule Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), or vasopressin, is produced by the __________ and released hypothalamus, posterior pituitary by the ____________. ADH allows the nephron's collecting duct to become _________ permeable to water, and more as a result, more water is reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the body. Alcohol ________ inhibits ADH release, which is why you urinate more when you're drinking. Which of the following best describes transposons? A. Movable DNA segments B. Channels between liver cells A. Movable DNA segments C. Method of bacterial gene transfer D. Enzymes to splice exons E. Transport channel between plant cells Transposons commonly utilize a _________ (which acts like "DNA scissors") to change their transposase enzyme position via a "cut and paste" method. A gram-negative bacterium would have which one of the following traits? A. Possess a second, outer cell membrane B. Stain a dark purple color A. Possess a second, outer cell membrane C. Contain teichoic acids D. Thick peptidoglycan layer E. Large central vacuole gram-negative bacteria have a second, outer One of the ways gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria differ is that: cell membrane. Which of the following can be used to separate DNA fragments produced by restriction enzymes? A. Gel electrophoresis A. Gel electrophoresis B. ELISA C. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) D. DNA microarray E. Centrifugation ________ is a biochemical technique used primarily in immunology to detect the presence ELISA of an antigen in a sample. It relies on specific antibodies to bind target proteins and uses an enzyme-linked secondary antibody to produce a measurable color change. __________ uses fluorescent probes to identify which genes are being expressed in an DNA Microarray organism. Charge and Size Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by their: https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 67/68 8/29/24, 12:09 AM DAT BIO practice exams all Flashcards | Quizlet In C4 photosynthesis, CO2 is first converted into ________ and this intermediate is produced in ________. A. malate, bundle sheath cells E. oxaloacetate, mesophyll cells B. malate, mesophyll cells C. oxaloacetate, bundle sheath cells D. oxaloacetate, epidermal cells E. oxaloacetate, mesophyll cells A species of trout lives in a river. An earthquake causes the river to split, with the new streams diverging from one another. Which of the following is most likely to happen to the species of trout? C. Genetic drift A. Adaptive radiation B. Convergent evolution C. Genetic drift D. Sympatric speciation https://quizlet.com/931594630/dat-bio-practice-exams-all-flash-cards?funnelUUID=08881b27-95c7-4357-a16b-837632a7d6f5 68/68