Science and Technology PDF

What is science? Fundamentally is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the natural and physical world through observation and experiments Science can evolve Science is around us Different facet of science Science is exciting – in a way that science is discovering what...

What is science? Fundamentally is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the natural and physical world through observation and experiments Science can evolve Science is around us Different facet of science Science is exciting – in a way that science is discovering what is around us Science is useful – knowledge generated by a powerful and reliable it can be used to developmnew technologies. Treat disease and deal with many othe source of problems. Science is ongoing – science is continually refininh, expanding, our knoledge of the universe and is it lost. It leads to new questions for future investigations. Science will never be finished Science is a global endeavor – people all over the world participate in the process of science, we can also of course you can also. Technology – which is basically derived from the greek word “technologia” is an art, skills or ability which is used to create and develop products and acquire knowledge Contribution of science to technology 1. Technology as a source of scientific challenges 2. Instrumentation and measurement technique 3. Science as a direct source of new technological ideas 4. Science as a source of engineering Nature of science and technology Technical knowledge – it defines in the simplest term as no how it includes ranges of basic skills such as advancement of agriculture, development, chemical industries, medical technology, software engineering. Undersatanding of the attributes of elements – it means that knowledge and understanding of the intelligence of worker quality of products, value of firm, effectiveness of the market. About culture and technology Culture – is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior and norms found in human societies. Includes our knowledge, our beliefs, our arts, our loss, our customs, capabilities habits of individual in a certain group or owner of a certain era. DEFINITION FROM DIFFERENT SOCIOLOGIST Taylor - "CULTURE IS THE COMPLEX WHOLE WHICH INCLUDES KNOWLEDGE, BELIEF, ART, MORALS, LAW, CUSTOMS AND HABITS, AND ANY CAPABILITIES ACQUIRED BY MAN AS A MEMBER OF SOCIETY" Linton - "CULTURE IS SOCIAL HEREDITY, WHICH IS TRANSMITTED FROM ONE GENERATION TO ANOTHER WITH THE ACCUMULATION OF INDIVIDUAL EXPERIENCES” John Beattee - "“CULTURE IS THE WAY OF LIFE WHICH IS TRANSMITTED FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION" 8 Elements of culture Language Relegion – our relationship with other, with our gods Daily life – how people live Economy – about their work Government – officials that handles their situation community to be productive Arts – expression of their culture like authentic foods, arts History – about yhe collectiob of organization a certain group Social groups – two or more people who interest with one another, share similar Characteristics and collective have a sense of unity Technology shapes culture Mobility The cloud AR & VR innovation Customer data Social impact About ethics of information technology – every society forms a set of rules that establishes the boundaries of generally accepted behavior Every society forms this rules that often expresses statements about how people behave and this individual rules fit together to form moral code by which society lives. Morality – refers to social coventions about right and wrong that are so widely shared that they bcome the basis for an established consensus. Virtue – is a habit that inclines people to do what is acceptable, and a vice is a habit of unacceptable behavior. Integrity – acts in accordance with a personal code of principles Morals – are one’s personal beliefs about right and wrong Ethics – describe standards or codes of behavior expected or an individual by a group ( nation, organization, profession) to which an individual belongs. Law – is a system of rules that tells us what we can and cannot do. Law are enforced by a set of institutions ( the police, courts, law making bodies) Ethics in IT - During the many IT breakthroughs in recent years, the importance of ethics and human values has been underemphasized—with a range of consequences. IT Professionals - A profession is a calling that requires specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation. Professional code of ethics Ethical decision making - adherence to a professional code of ethics. This means that professional use a common set of values and beliefs as a guideline were ethical decisions making. High standards of practice and ethical behavior- adherence to a code of ethics reminds professional of the responsibilities and duties that they maybe tempted tp compromise to meet the resource of late today business. Trust and respect from the general public – we have to build trust and respect for the expectation of a professional that will behaved in ethnically. Evaluation benchmark – is a goodof ethics provides an evolution benchmark to a professional that can also use the code of recognitions of sensor. Professional organization Association for computing machinery (ACM) Institute of electrical and electronics engineers computer science (IEE-CS) Association of information technology professionals (AITP) Sysadmin, audit, network, security (SANS) institute Certifactions – indicates that a professional possesses a particular set of skills, knowledge or abilities n the opinion f the certifying organizatin. Vendor certification – many it vendors – such as CISCO, IBM, MICROSOFT, SAP and ORACLE - offer certication programs for those who use their products. Industry association certification – they are many available industry certifications in a variety of IT related subject areas. Negligence – define as not doing something that a reasonable person would do or doing something that reasonable person would not do Duty of care – refers to the obligation to protect people againts any unreasonable harm or risk Reasonable person standard – to evaluate how an objective are careful and conscientious person would have been acted in the same circumstances. Reasonable professional standard Breach of the duty of care – is failurento act as a resonable person would act Professional malpractice – professionce who breach the duty of care thir are liable for injuries that their negligence causes so that liability is commonly referred to professional malpractice Common ethical issues for IT users Software piracy Inappropriate use of computing resources Inappropriate sharing of information Supporting ethical practices of it users