CWTS MODULE 2 - Good Citizenship Values and Filipino Characteristics PDF

 MODULE 2 GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES Overview: As citizens of the Republic of the Philippines, our values as Filipinos define our identity as people. As such, we must strictly impose these values on ourselves – regardle...

 MODULE 2 GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES Overview: As citizens of the Republic of the Philippines, our values as Filipinos define our identity as people. As such, we must strictly impose these values on ourselves – regardless of age, status or religion. We must see to it that we observe these values in all our actions, at all times and in all circumstances. Embodying these values will not always be a piece of cake but will bring great rewards for us and our country in the near future. Good citizenship stimulates love of country making the seemingly gargantuan task of building the nation easier. Through good citizenship, even the poor, the young, and the old can contribute to nation building. Good citizenship likewise strengthens unity. As Filipinos, we have our shared values which can be a strong force to unite us as people despite our differences.Our nation is oftentimes in crisis. And at these times, people are suffering. By being good citizens, we will not be a part of the problem instead, we will be a part of the solution. NSTP, as citizenship training, focuses on translating the good citizenship values as reflected in the Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution into concrete actions in building a better Philippines. Objectives: At the end of this module, you should be able to: discuss the good citizenship values; identify some basic Filipino values; identify the Filipino values system; and, cite situations which Filipino values are depicted. Course Materials: A good Filipino citizen is one who plays an active and intelligent role as a member of the community. The one who is responsible for his duties and obligations to the government and society. The one who possesses the traits of respectfulness, courtesy, and consideration for parents and elders and for others. The one who observes punctuality, promptness, and good moral conduct. 1 Unit 1: The Maka-Diyos Cluster 1. Faith in the Almighty God – A good Filipino obeys God and lives according to His teachings. One of the identified strengths of the Filipino is their faith in God. In one way or another, Filipinos have a basic concept of a Supreme Being who to them always gives a beacon of hope no matter how bleak the current situation may be. This makes them resilient, driven by great hope stemming from their faith in Someone whom they believe has the power to deliver them from even the most miserable situation. This is quite evident in the Filipinos’ response during the onslaught of disasters. From disasters brought about by natural phenomenon such as earthquakes and storms to manmade ones like the tragic garbage landslide in Payatas, the Filipino always bounces back as if the disasters and tragedies did not happen. It is also this trait that brings conviction to a Filipino not to do anything bad, for the same Supreme Being who watches over him will be the same eyes who shall judge him should he engage in wrongdoings. 2. Respect for Life – A good Filipino recognizes the absolute value of human life and the human dignity of every person including himself. Being pro-life means not engaging in abortion nor being in favor of it. Being pro- life includes valuing other people – how they feel, what could harm their physical, mental, moral, and spiritual well-being. Among the practices that show respect to others and their dignity as a person are not smoking in public, not throwing litter which will cause accidents or put their health in peril, not saying words that will hurt people and scar them for life. Most importantly, being pro-life means valuing oneself and seeing oneself as a person of great worth and value. When one respects life, he will take good care of his hygiene, he is mindful of the things that he says about himself, and he will be careful not to do things that will harm his moral, spiritual, physical, and social well-being.. 3. Order – A good Filipino values orderliness. Valuing order means respecting laws and procedures. By following these sets of laws and/or procedure in the home, school, and the community as a whole, one respects the human rights of others and invites excellence in everything one does. Setting things in order could range from maintaining cleanliness in the home, to coming to school on time, to falling in line, and to following traffic rules and regulations. 2 4. Work – A good Filipino values diligence and excellence in everything one does. He earns an honest living and does not engage in crime and corruption. He goes to school on time, does his homework, and participates in school activities. He does his best in everything and is not contented with the mediocre. As a worker, Filipinos are versatile, hardworking, and creative. In practically every nation of the world, Filipinos are fast becoming valued business partners and treasured workers. This could be attributed to the Filipinos’ inherent diligence, coupled with authentic concern, and peppered with another good Filipino trait – his sense of humor. Filipinos don’t mind taking on any kind of work and are great salesmen and negotiators. Not to be taken negatively, the Filipino could make great sales pitches. He is good in selling ideas. From the ordinary man on the street selling rags, to the businessman in his Makati office trying to close a deal. The Filipinos are likewise very creative. He is the only one who could sell practically all parts of a chicken and name them creatively as well – a helmet for chicken’s head; adidas for chicken feet, and betamax (after its shape) for chicken’s blood to name a few. He could almost always find something to laugh about even in the harshest work conditions. 5. Concern for the Family and Future Generations – A good Filipino looks after the welfare of one’s family and the future generation. One helps in household chores, has a loving relationship with all the members of the family, is kind and considerate to them, and shows a good example to the younger members. As the basic unit of society, the family is the child’s first glimpse of community, hence, it is important that children are shown good examples in their respective homes early in life. Whatever is learned from the family has big implications on how one is going to treat other people in one’s community. Among the good practices that a family could adopt is open communication. A child raised in a family which has maintained open communication is most unlikely to turn to harmful influences for solutions to problem or for affirmation. This part is optional: Please watch: Makadiyos at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hm4J5qdlYM 3 Unit 2: The Maka-Tao Cluster 1. Love – A good Filipino looks after the good and welfare of one’s fellow human beings. Love should always be the driving force when we want to achieve or do something. This does not refer to romantic love alone. As a leader, family member, or a member of the society, we can exercise the value of love. A heart motivated by love will always look after other people’s welfare. This person is kind and compassionate, forgives offenses and is not vengeful. This person has a sacrificial heart and is always willing to extend help to the less fortunate. A person filled with love will always see the goodness in every person. This does not mean however that one will allow other people to look down upon him or trample on his rights like a doormat. Instead, speaking the truth in love, he gently instructs the erring person on the things that he is doing wrong. If the wrongdoing involves violation of the law, he does not tolerate or cover up the wrongdoing but submits the matter to the proper authorities. He remains supportive until the person has corrected his erroneous ways. 2. Freedom – A good Filipino asserts one’s rights especially if it means being able to do the right thing. One respects the freedom of others; doesn’t impose one’s will on others; exercise one’s freedom responsibly so that one will do no harm to anyone; does not use coercion or intimidation to make others do what one wants them to do or what one wants them to be. 3. Peace – A good Filipino lives and works in harmony with one’s fellow human beings. A Filipino avoids violence as a way of settling disputes and looks for ways to resolve conflict in a peaceful way. He maintains a harmonious relationship with others, at home, at work, in the community; and helps clear out misunderstanding among friends and family members. A peace-loving Filipino stops conflict whenever and wherever one can. This includes not passing gossip and unkind words around for the sake of socialization. One understands that words and news blown out of proportion destroys friendships and harmonious relationships and could ruin a person for life. When you are not part of the problem nor part of the solution, even if the news is true – it is categorized as gossip. One’s upbringing or the shortcomings of the community one lives in shouldn’t be the gauging mechanism why one would observe peace. A peaceful person does not rely on the absence of chaos to exercise peace. 4  In the movie Magnifico, a supposedly simpleminded ordinary boy served as an agent of peace. In the seemingly complicated world of adults looking after their own interests or busy solving conflicts or fighting their own battles, Magnifico showed love, compassion, and selflessness. In the end, his example became a catalyst of peace and love in his family and the community he lives in. He showed them that in a world where everyone is practically shouting, all it takes is a gentle, selfless voice to get everyone to listen. 4. Truth – A good Filipino stands up for the truth and avoids intrigue and mudslinging and values integrity in one’s life, family, work, and country. He observes proper pricing of goods and does not patronize nor is he a cohort in fixing or bribing in business transactions. He admits his mistakes and does something to correct his fault. 5. Justice – A good Filipino gives everyone their due even if it is difficult. He does not oppress or take advantage of anyone. He is fair in all his dealings especially with the poor and powerless, not getting more than what is rightfully his. This part is optional: Please watch: Unsung Hero at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaWA2GbcnJU Unit 3: The Maka-Bayan Cluster 1. Unity – A good Filipino works with and cooperates with others. Unity does not mean a group of people should act the same nor should they sport the same hairstyle and wear the same clothing. Just imagine how chaotic it would be if everyone wants and does the same thing. Unity means synergizing the different talents and skills for the success of an endeavor. A good team player does not promote intrigue, dissension and mistrust. One helps others in the family, school, and community grow and is genuinely happy for the achievements of the members of his team even if that means the spotlight is not on him. 2. Equality – A good Filipino treats others as brothers and sisters being children of one God and one nation. One does not give preferential treatment to the rich and the powerful; treats everyone with respect regardless of status or position; and does not take advantage of anyone because they are poor, ignorant, or powerless. 5 3. Respect for the Law and Government – A good Filipino obeys the laws of the land and supports government programs. From simply not engaging in vandalism, to following traffic rules; to reporting lawbreakers, to promoting stability of the nation, a good Filipino submits to the laws of his nation and will not engage in anything that will threaten one’s country. 4. Patriotism – A good Filipino places high regard for one’s country. He considers what is good for the country in his words and actions. This includes patronage of native products and promotion of his country.He is mindful not to do that would give his country a bad image. He takes extra care not to say anything that would malign the reputation of his country. Statements like “ganito talaga sa Pilipinas, hindi na magbabago” or “huwag kayong pupunta sa Pilipinas kung ayaw nyong manakawan” are sweeping derogatory statements that malign our country and us Filipinos as well. Being patriotic includes choosing wisely whom to vote during elections. A good Filipino does not sell one’s rights or dignity as a person but instead entrusts the country’s welfare to the hands of someone whom he knows has the capacity to really govern well. Knowing one’s national emblems like the Philippine National Anthem and the Pledge of Allegiance to the Filipino Flag is also an act of patriotism. Below are the lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem and the words of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Filipino Flag. Lupang Hinirang Bayang magiliw, perlas ng silanganan Alab ng puso, sa dibdib mo’y buhay Lupang hinirang, duyan ka ng magiting Sa manlulupig, di ka pasisiil Sa dagat at bundok, sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw May dilag ang tula at awit sa paglayang minamahal Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y tagumpay na nagniningning Ang bituin at araw nya, kalian pa ma’y di magdidilim Lupa ng araw ng luwalhati’t pagsinta Buhay ay langit sa piling mo Aming ligaya, na pag may mang-aapi Ang mamatay ng dahil sa yo 6  Panunumpa ng Katapatan sa Watawat ng Pilipinas Ako ay Pilipino, buong katapatang nanunumpa sa watawat ng Pilipinas At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag Na may dangal, katarungan at kalayaan Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang maka-Diyos, makakalikasan at maka-bansa 5. Promotion of the Common Good – A good Filipino puts the welfare of the greater number of people over one’s own. A good Filipino is not greedy and selfish; instead, one considers the welfare of others in everything one does. Good examples of this are businessmen who do not mind foregoing the potential of earning a sizable income from a development plan if it means endangering nature and people’s health. Further, one helps the less fortunate and goes out of his way to engage in activities that will benefit his fellow human beings especially in the area of poverty alleviation. This part is optional: Please read: Makabayan at https://www.slideshare.net/mayyetteblanche/makabayan-17275901 Unit 4: The Maka-Kalikasan Cluster Concern for the Environment – A good Filipino conserves natural resources such as water, land and air. One gets involved in efforts contributory to the welfare of the environment such as planting trees and implementing proper waste segregation. One keeps his surroundings clean, and does not throw garbage in canals and waterways. We all like to do our share to help the environment. But as time goes on, we’re seeing new environmental concerns. We all need to be ready and prepared to tackle the 5 main environmental threats. 1. Biodiversity. Biodiversity is the most complex and vital feature of our planet. It is essentially every living thing and ecosystem that makes up the environment. From the tallest giraffe to the smallest microorganism, everything plays an important role in the maintenance of our world. 7  But with the increase in global warming, pollution, and deforestation, biodiversity is in danger. Billions of species are going or have gone extinct all over the world. Some scientists, in fact, are suggesting that we are in the beginning of a 6 th mass extinction, posing issues for our planet and ourselves. Reducing our meat intake, particularly red meat, as well as making sustainable choices can help to keep our planet running smoothly. 2. Water. Water pollution is a huge concern for us and our environment. Not only is polluted water a huge financial strain but is also killing both humans and marine life. With oil spills, an abundance of plastic waste and toxic chemicals entering our waterways, we’re damaging the most valuable resource our planet has to offer. By educating people on the causes and effects of water pollution, we can work together to undo the damage humans have caused. Laws also need to change to make pollution tougher, consistently across national borders. 3. Deforestation. We need plants and trees to survive. They provide oxygen, food, water and medicine for everyone, all over the globe. But if deforestation continues at the rate it’s occurring, we won’t have much of the valuable forestry left. With natural wildfires, illegal logging and the mass amount of timber being harvested for commercial use, our forests are decreasing at an alarming rate. As well as reducing our supply of oxygen, the loss of forests is contributing around 15% of our greenhouse gas emissions.To help, you can buy more recycled and organic products, limiting the amount of paper and cardboard you use. 4. Pollution. Pollution is one of the primary causes of many of the other environmental concerns, including climate change and biodiversity. All 7 key types of pollution – air, water, soil, noise, radioactive, light, and thermal – are affecting our environment. All types of pollution, and environmental concerns, are interlinked and influence one another. So, to tackle one is to tackle them all. That’s why we need to work together, as a community, to reduce the impact that pollution is having on our environment. 5. Climate Change. As pointed out by a recent UN report, without ‘unprecedented changes’ in our actions and behavior, our planet will suffer drastically from global warming in just 12 years. Greenhouse gases are the main cause of climate change, trapping in the sun’s heat and warming the surface of the earth. An increased ocean temperature is affecting the sea life and ecosystems habituated there. The rise in global sea levels is shrinking our land, causing mass floods and freak weather incidents across the world. If we continue as we are, the world will suffer irreversibly. Saying no to driving more will reduce your carbon footprint, as will switching off electrical items when they’re not in use. More importantly, we need to educate the world on the effects and severity of global warming, before it is too late. 8 This part is optional: Please watch: Man vs. Earth at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VrzbRZn5Ed4 Philippine Biodiversity at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcC6CZNllOI&t=97s Unit 5: The Filipino Values System Before delving into the discussion of values – Filipino values, in particular – it is worth analyzing the word itself. The word “value” has its root in the Latin word “valere” which means to be strong and vigorous. This proceeds from the premise that a human person has to have strength or valor in every endeavor. It is the basis on which his strength in facing the challenges of life should be directed. Dr. Tomas Q. D. Andres (1986) would define values as “things, persons, ideas or goals which are important to life; anything which enables life to be understood, evaluated, and directed.” On the other hand, Edgar Sheffield Brightman defines value as “whatever is liked, prized, esteemed, desired approved, or enjoyed by anyone at any time. It is the actual experience of enjoying a desired object or activity. Hence, value is an existing realization of desire.” Collectively, the values of a society would be the standards or principles for which an act is judged to be what is right or wrong, correct or incorrect. As such, it is the goal set for every member of the community to attain what is desirable. In other words, values in a society give meaning and direction to every individual’s life and influence his human behavior. Based on these definitions, we can say that values are those which are considered by the society as desirable and important and have attained the status as moral impetus behind every action of each member geared towards the desired end or goal. Understanding Filipino Values The characteristic that makes a Filipino vary from different society is his uniquely blended culture and values from different influences. Filipino values, for reason of several influences that shaped its identity, are bipolar like a coin that has two sides. They may either be positive or negative in polarity. Let us take for example the value of utang na loob, or debt of gratitude. The value of utang na loob, the altruistic drawing of interior goodness of a person by returning a debt of gratitude, is by itself positive. However, when one is coerced to honor a debt of gratitude and return the favor, then it becomes negative. 9  Due to this ambivalence of Filipino values, they have the potential of being used for good or evil. They may either help or hinder personal and national development, depending on how they are understood or practiced or lived. In order to shape the Filipino society into a successful and progressive nation, there is a need to reevaluate the different values that influence every Filipino individual’s action to a set of circumstances. We need to identify the positive side of every Filipino value and develop them in order to yield a more successful and developed society. According to factsanddetails.com and Philippines Australia Business Council, there are three (3) main traits that underlie the Filipino values and value-orientation These traits have a strong influence in the behavior and mentality of the Filipinos. These also have an effect in the Filipinos’ personal beliefs, cultural traditions and practices. 1. Personalism is a Filipino trait wherein they give importance to interpersonal relations or face-to-face encounters. Filipinos usually extends their work or services through “personal touch” or handles problem solving through good personal relations. 2. Familialism focuses on the welfare and interest of the family over those of the community. The family is the basis of group action and almost all community activity centers on the family. In decision making, it is the family that decides rather than the individual on important matters. It takes into consideration the welfare of the family and not the individual. The family’s honor, not the personal image, that is at stake when a family member makes a mistake. 3. Particularism relates to the strong family influence on the individual or group behavior. This is shown when an individual strives to promote their own and their family’s interest over the community’s interest. Popularity among peers is prevalent and observable. Thus, Filipinos make special efforts to entertain friends and relatives. Pakikisama is very important. Conformity to proper codes of conduct yields rewards of cooperation while non- conformity results to withdrawal of support. It is also important to know that there are three (3) main obligations that underlie the Filipino value orientation namely – relational (pakikipagkapwa), emotional (damdamin) and moral (karangalan). One or all of these may have influence in Filipinos’ lives and social relationships. Let us then try to discuss some of the values in the Filipino society and re-evaluate them to develop a more positive value for the Filipino individual. 10  A. Utang na Loob There is no specific translation that can approximate the meaning of this Filipino value of utang na loob. Debt of gratitude is a lean excuse of a translation because it does not even approximate the fertile concept of the Filipino loob. Utang na loob is a situation where an individual is required to return a favor or service received. However, the return of such service or favor cannot be translated into monetary equivalent, and may reciprocated in a month of service or even a lifetime. For example, a congressman proudly gives a town a new chapel, a bridge, or a waiting shed (no matter whether the money came from his pocket or from the government), this makes the people indebted to him. And when elections come, he recites the litany of his projects and people “ought” to repay these through their votes. Not to repay this form of debt means that those who were benefited are walang utang na loob. After having been elected, the people would approach this congressman for return of the favor by seeking employment for them. Thus, this would end into a vicious cycle, where the person na pinagkakautangan ng loob becomes the giver and the giver becomes the person na may utang na loob. However, utang na loob may be interpreted in a positive outlook. If it is used with the concept of justice, truth, and human dignity, it would reflect the beautiful aspect of the Filipino character. Thus, this altruistic feeling must voluntarily come from within the person himself, kusang loob; and should not be demanded by coercing the person who has utang na loob, so as blind his sense of judgment. Furthermore, this value should be used discriminately. The pagtatanaw ng utang na loob should emerge from within the self of an individual with sense of justice so as to repay the person for the favor or services rendered. We should always remember that in demanding for the return of indebtedness, the golden rule “Do unto other as you would want them to do unto you.” By demanding the return of the favor, would you wish to become indebted in return? And when indebted, would you want that person to act the same way when they are demanding the return of the favor? B. Bahala Na Filipinos, by nature, are a religious group of people. They firmly believe in the supernatural and in all kinds of spirit dwelling in individual persons, places or things. They believe in a Supreme Being who will take care of things for them. The Filipino is very religious who has a saint to pray to each day of the week. The term bahala na comes from the words Bathala na. It reflects the Filipino's dependence on the supernatural being and on fate. This tends to move toward the commonly conceived procrastination character of the Filipino. C. Mañana Habit 11  Mañana Habit can be traced back to the Spanish colonization era. The term “Mañana” is a Spanish word that means “tomorrow”. This is a Filipino trait that enforces procrastination - practice of putting off work to be done in the near future or in the last minute. This habit is exemplified through the “Mamaya na” or “Bukas na”. D. Ningas Kugon The term Ningas Kugon translates to “burning of cogon grass”. As a Filipino trait, it means that Filipinos tend to have a strong enthusiasm in the beginning of each work or endeavor but gradually slows down and lose their drive to work and finish the job. It is said that in work Filipinos tend to do their job half- baked or leave it unfinished. E. Amor Propio As a reinforcement to the Philippine trait of “Hiya” or shame, Filipinos are akin to the traditional attitude of saving “face”. Amor propio is another Spanish term that means a sense of self-esteem or self-respect that prevents a person from swallowing his pride. It also means ego defensiveness or maintaining one’s dignity and personal pride. According to the Philippines Australia Business Council, amor propio often implies a vindictive reaction to questioning an individual’s action, integrity, or honor. F. Bayanihan In an article titled “Filipino Culture: Bayanihan: The Filipino Value that Must be Retained”, it describes bayanihan as: “Bayanihan is a core essence of the Filipino culture. It is helping out one’s neighbor as a community, and doing a task together, thus lessening the workload and making the job easier. It is also called the ‘community spirit’. It is best exhibited when people wish to move locations in the rural area. The traditional Filipino house, the ‘bahay-kubo’, can be moved using wooden poles which are carried from the old place to the new one. This requires a group of people to lift and carry the house on their shoulders. Able-bodied men usually participated in such feats, while women stood and watched, casually chatting and cheering the men on. Afterwards, there will be a small gathering as a form of celebration and socialization. 12 Other strengths of the Filipino Character: FILIPINO CHARACTER RESULTS Camaraderie and feeling of closeness to one another; foundation for Pakikipagkapwa-tao unity as well as sense of social justice Family Oriented Feeling of belongingness and rootedness and a basic sense of security Emotional balance, optimism, a healthy disrespect for power and office Joy and Humor and the capacity to survive Flexibility and Adaptability Productivity, innovation, entrepreneurship, equanimity and survival Productivity and entrepreneurship for some and survival despite poverty Hardwork and Industry for others Courage, daring, optimism, inner peace, as well as the capacity to Faith and Religiosity genuinely accept tragedy and death Ability to Survive Bravely live through the harshest economic and social circumstances Other weaknesses of the Filipino Character: FILIPINO CHARACTER RESULTS Extreme Personalism Leads to graft and corruption Lack of concern for the common good and acts as the block to national Extreme Family Centeredness consciousness Lack of Discipline Inefficient and wasteful work systems, violation of rules leading to more serious transgressions and a casual work ethics leading to carelessness Passivity and Lack of Initiative and lack of follow- through Easily resigned to one’s fate and thus easily oppressed and exploited Basic feeling of national inferiority that makes it difficult for them to relate Colonial Mentality as equal to Westerners Dampening of cooperative and community spirit and in the trampling Kanya-kanya Syndrome upon of the rights of others Lack of Self- Analysis Emphasis on form more than substance and Self – Reflection This part is optional: Please watch: Filipino Values – Understanding Culture at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79xsa9zfA_U Filipino Values System at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BFUtFl3-pGI 13  ASSESSMENTS Task 1: Answer the following questions: 1. What do you observe in the lesson Good Citizenship Values? Why do you say so? 2. In your own words, define good citizenship values. 3. How do you show your faith in the Almighty God? According to the discussion of Maka- Diyos in this module, what is the first step that you should do to show faith in the Almighty God? 4. Prophet Jeremiah said ‘This is what the Almighty says: “when seventy years are completed for Babylon, I will come to you and fulfill my gracious promise to bring you back to this place. For I know the plans I have for you,” declares the Almighty God, “plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future. Then you will come upon me and come and pray to me, and I will listen to you.”’ Using the prophecy of the Prophet Jeremiah, how do you find your present and future with the Almighty God? 5. How can you show your respect for life? 6. Have you ever been in love? Do you feel you are loved? 7. What is your standard of love? 8. The Golden Rule says “Do unto others what you want others do unto you”. What do you think is the standard of love if we consider this rule? 9. What is the importance of the environment in the development of the society? Why do you say so? 10. In your own ways, how can you contribute in the protection of the environment from its threats? Task 2: Instructions: 1. Cite personal incidents / moments in your life that you feel you havebecome: a. Maka-Diyos b. Makatao c. Makakalikasan d. Makabansa/makabayan 2. Explain the details. What have you learned and realized out from that experience? Task 3: Instructions: 1. Identify at least five (5) strengths of Filipino character that you think you possess. Why do you say so? 2. Identify at least five (5) weaknesses of Filipino character that you think you possess. What are the steps do you take to change these weaknesses into strength? 14 Task 4: Instructions: 1. Choose one (1) from the four clusters of Filipino Values 2. Create a poster of any medium out from your own perspective and imagination 3. Do it in a long bond paper (8.5” x 13”) REFERENCES Books and Modules: Bucao, A. et. al. Modules in National Service Training Program, PUP Sta. Mesa. Labuguen, Florida C. et al. Understanding the National Service Training Program: A Modular Worktext for NSTP 1. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House, 2012 Rosales, Ma. Junithesmer D. and Milagrina A. Gomez. Field Study 1 Manual: The Learner’s Development and Environment. Philippines: Allen Adrian Books, 2011. Teves, L. et. al. Civic Welfare Training Service Module, PUP Sta. Mesa. The Holy Bible: New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984 Electronic Sources: Good Citizenship. http://tetp.wordpress.com/2008/07/12good-citizenship-movement/ Magnifico. Dir. Maryo J. De los Reyes. Perf. Jiro Manio, Lorna Tolentino, Albert Martinez and Gloria Romero. Violet Films, 2003. Pilipino Children Praying. http://www.shilohandkimberly.com/wp- content/uploads/2012/12/Filipino-Children-Praying.jpg Panatang Makabayan. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zPT0X3yUYHY/TpvnU9 0xwI/AAAAAAAAAws/4VP0TGgI0G8/s1600/panata%2Bmakabayan.JPG https://everything-filipino.com/filipino-culture-bayanihan- the-filipino-value-that-must-be- retained/ 15 16 17