CVS AY24 Final Version Lecture 2 PDF

ANATOMY OF THE Cardiovascular System HSC1007 Anatomy and Physiology 1 06.09.2024 Dr Karthik S. Harve Associate Professor and Specialty Lead for Anatomy Health and Social Sciences Cluster Singapore Institute of Technology, SG 138683 [email protected]  Learning Objectives At the...

ANATOMY OF THE Cardiovascular System HSC1007 Anatomy and Physiology 1 06.09.2024 Dr Karthik S. Harve Associate Professor and Specialty Lead for Anatomy Health and Social Sciences Cluster Singapore Institute of Technology, SG 138683 [email protected]  Learning Objectives At the end of today’s lecture, you should be able to understand the 1. Location, orientation and coverings of the heart 2. External and internal features of the heart uni directional 3. Cardiacensure a valve anatomy and origin of heart sounds heartbeat 4. The cardiac conduction system 3 it contractana a relax 5. Cardiac blood supply and Myocardial ischemia 6. Micro-anatomy of the cardiac musculature 7. Pathways of blood circulation and vascular structure bloodvessels An Overview of the Cardiovascular System allarteriescarry oxygenatedblood gena away from EYE me stead ÉÉÉ pulmonaryartery ifeng.gs going heart re they very become thinner InS L c targets more branchedand networked AT arte ve 19 181 02 Everywhere or Pictures sourced from: OpenStax, Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax CNX. Feb 26, 2016 http://cnx.org/contents/14fb4ad7-39a1- [email protected]. the body  LL'qdfÉ.gsfEIneheartyakecollarbone The Human Heart CPRyouputyourhandsin asthelandmark themiddleofthechest aconsiderableamount oftheheartliesBEHIND thesternum betweentheneckending 1h ftf nl fouidtullof connectivetissues  4-chambered fibromuscular pump the ii.ioiiion zieniiiiesiiieriamier thebody  ~ 300 g in male; 250 g in female m ill anurnumo body.se Fyi  Size of the fist (Adult: 12 cm X 8 cm X 6 cm) ffktdne  1st organ to develop (3rd wk of intrauterine life) ribs WII Tapeth Apex r ismtfftapbpaa.in  Beats 3 billion times during a lifetime wthaiT7i9a cageJ  Located in the ‘middle mediastinum’ Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. im  The Mediastinum: Extent, Divisions and Contents bone Dollar ftp.intne archofthe mediastinum youwillseethe FE.tk fggy heart É ear lungs lungs ff.EEEybreastbone descendingaorta Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd  Supports of the Heart: The Fibrous Pericardium & Ligaments M 99 O 0 iiiI a gram Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd FIFEThie hidiastinum https://abdominalkey.com/17-the-thorax/ Coverings of Heart: Pericardium, Pericardial sac, Cavity and Contents Fibrous Pericardium: Supportive Serous pericardium: fifty Parietal & Visceral layers Lining epithelium: Mesothelium Pericardial cavity: Pericardial Pictures sourced from: OpenStax, Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax CNX. Feb 26, 2016 http://cnx.org/contents/14fb4ad7-39a1- [email protected]. fluid (15-50 ml) Fibrous Pericardium and Parietal Serous pericardium are pain sensitive Shock absorber Both innervated by Phrenic nerve Pericardial Effusion and Pericardiocentesis amount of removingthefluid increase iffy bey d 50m causes rupture of theheart inflammation Cardiac tamponade 3 IE 14 reanytast (Rapidly developing Pericardial effusion) Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd External features of the Heart: Cardiac Borders & Chambers steray.gg ne 5Eur 59Eur t.EE n inf arerlapexnEarthe Borders of the heart as seen in a Cardiac silhouette on X-ray Picture modified from Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy, Elsevier External Features of the Heart Sternocostal (Anterior) Surface becauseit sits onthe diaphram  Formed by what chambers? Diaphragmatic (Inferior) Surface  Formed by what chambers?  Identification aids R  Identification aids Ez  What forms the Apex?  Locate the veins you see  Locate the apex on the chest L i Ec leftventricalshaded filum Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd I R ventrical right Posterior Surface (Base)  Formed by what chambers? L down Citrical  Identification aids  Locate the coronary sinus 9 p Standard Chest X-ray views backto thefront side Postero-Anterior (PA) view Lateral view 7 Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd  Internal features of Cardiac chambers: Right Atrium deoxygenated bloodtravels Tfritin both.ge throughhere receiting Yer abasicating chambers dy wider smatea een Eti E Eight m r vintersatiawan attire veinoftheart Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd McMinn’s Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy, 7th Edition, Elsevier Ltd  Cardiac chambers: Right Ventricle doessobythe 18914m fr ffdthentmn 1iJstnheext smootharea mitis I ftp.fitlineaparacnute thisbecomes furkecusps relative's ask.in tne rough EIE.IEE.na mediator s line a Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd McMinn’s Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy, 7th Edition, Elsevier Ltd Cardiac chambers: Left Atrium Theleftatriumis theclosetpartto theesophagus toodttb.es godownsomewhere here the vent smooth chamber 6519195'89.5.9 troma Mungs https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ isattheposterior aspectoftheheart Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd Cardiac chambers: Left Ventricle Theoutflowpartsof bothventriclesare smooth Leftventricleis moremuscularthan as If theright verysmooth 0 inflowarea McMinn’s Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy, 7th Edition, Elsevier Ltd Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd  Cardiac Valves: Sectional view and Surface Marking 5 EHow 7 anthemaires 495fi aYEInEe'EeYairesatthe oneplane L heartsounds areheard https://www.seekpng.com/idown/u2e6e6q8o0t 4u2a9_anatomy-and-function-heart-valve/# Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd secondheart firstheartsound Theheartsounds n f eF arecreatedbecause bloodthatistrying first heart soundsare Trimaran ttaaigit here heard t pand backtotheventricle go andthengointothe thesoundgenerated aorta chest targetstothe McMinn’s Clinical Atlas of Human gate Anatomy, 7th Edition, Elsevier Ltd Atrioventricular Cardiac Valves and their Operation Located at the opening of atria into ventricles Help in preventing backflow of blood into atria from ventricles at systole Closure of the valves is active; by pull of chordae tendinae attached to contracting papillary muscles Valve closure  Turbulence of blood flow  Generation of first heart sound (S1) Creative Commons Attribution- Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Share Alike 4.0 https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/d Unported license. International license. efault.aspx?pid=19239&id=8526511 Cardiac Conduction System thehearthasitsown electricalgenerator system cardiacconduction system is.fi i i ii internodal pathways Cardiac innervation SA (Modulate the conduction system only) node AV node Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd It His bundle a Is LBB LPF RBB speeds thepacemaker oftheheart createsarhythm LAF definite Em Wheater’s Functional Histology, 6th Edition, Elsevier Ltd SA node purkinje Creativeatria Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license  Cardiac Skeleton and Function The fibrous skeleton anchors the valves of the heart, and gives attachment to the cardiac musculature above and below. 8 givesattachment tothecardiac musculature Creative Commons Attribution- Share Alike 4.0 Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd International license.  Blood Supply of the Heart betweenpulmonarytrunk andleftventricle at t tnenei.mn water to heart they tetterges Iggy fin's spit titimentricle and ÉÉow's thentgoes PDA Ystahagargetshocked for 9 10peopleitcomes fromtherightcoronary morenmbi.de eseagoedcnoiestioTt I ffy eggsp Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd orwhatever  Blood Supply of the Heart the heartalso producesde oxygenated blood EEEans not exchange ofblood goingon t.im f ffffffn.at innitiaii iimwtne blood qq.iq oxygenated hearttothe Gray’s Anatomy for students, 3rd Edition, Elsevier Ltd  coronary angiogram Xraytakenwithacontrastintheblood Blood Supply of the Heart: Coronary Artery Imaging PDA n j teethearteries if arteries ifthereis ablock itwontbeseen becauseblooddoesn't flowthereanymore McMinn’s Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy, 7th Edition, Elsevier Ltd Ischemic Heart Disease: Applied & Clinical Anatomy irresistible completeblock Picture source: Ischemic Heart Disease: Therapeutic Intervention bypasssurgery upthe opening blockage yfffffhfff.ieIfypassing morepermanent Picture source: Histology of Cardiac Muscle his muscles ital iiiiiiii connection package Intercalated disc try imiganical Sittin Yes Cardiac cell–cell junctions in health and disease: Electrical versus mechanical coupling. Maartje Noorman et al.. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · April 2009 names nIhictYgYner benefit hines mail.ie geners IT whenoneisstimulated withactivitythe leftare Wheater’s Functional Histology, 6th Edition, Elsevier Ltd The Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Blood_volumes_at_different_levels_of_ the_circulatory_system.png OpenStax, Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax CNX. Feb 26, 2016 http://cnx.org/contents/14fb4ad7- [email protected]. End of Lecture