Cultures and the World - Group5 Presentation PDF

CULTURES AND THE WORLD Presented by: Group 5 RONNEL BINUYA, VILLAR JUSTIN ARTURO LLONA, KATHLEEN FLORES SHINE MARJORIE ISABELLE AREVALO DARREL JAMES C. SUMALPONG, PAYAS, ELIEZA DACUMOS ROXAS...

CULTURES AND THE WORLD Presented by: Group 5 RONNEL BINUYA, VILLAR JUSTIN ARTURO LLONA, KATHLEEN FLORES SHINE MARJORIE ISABELLE AREVALO DARREL JAMES C. SUMALPONG, PAYAS, ELIEZA DACUMOS ROXAS, GRACE KIMBERLY ELTON ORGUINO, WILTER  TOPIC OUTLINE 1.Food as identity 2.Food as survival 3.Food as status 4.Food as pleasure 5.Food as community 6.Food as humanity 7.Food not permitted for religious reasons 8.Food indigenous to cultures  FOOD AS IDENTITY Presented by: Ronnel Villar  INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE Food is considered a part of intangible cultural heritage, a way of life that is passed down from generation to generation. Traditional recipes, cooking techniques, and dining etiquette can reflect the values and beliefs of different communities and are all vital parts of cultural heritage.  INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE The UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list includes many dishes and food-related customs and traditions, including: Al-Mansaf a festive banquet in Jordan  INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE The UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list includes many dishes and food-related customs and traditions, including: Harissa from tunisia  INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE The UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list includes many dishes and food-related customs and traditions, including: Traditional Tea Processing Techniques and associated social practice China  INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE The UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list includes many dishes and food-related customs and traditions, including: Traditional Tea Processing Techniques and associated social practice China  INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE The UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list includes many dishes and food-related customs and traditions, including: Culture of Ukrainian borscht cooking Ukraine  INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE The UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list includes many dishes and food-related customs and traditions, including: Palov Culture and Tradition Uzbekistan  INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE The UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list includes many dishes and food-related customs and traditions, including: Arabic Coffee Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar and the UAE  FOOD AS SURVIVAL Presented by: Justin Flores  OVERVIEW Cultures and the World: Food as Survival Essential for - Community Life Bonds - Cultural - Global Influence Identity - Adaptation - Sustainability  JAPAN Traditional diets, like those with rice, fish, and vegetables, focus on seasonal and local ingredients for freshness and sustainability. Concepts like “umami” highlight the cultural significance of flavor, blending taste and nutrition in culinary practices. SABA SHIOYAKI KABOCHA NIMONO  MEXICO Mexican cuisine features staples like corn, beans, and chilies, with food central to festivals and celebrations. Globalization has introduced new flavors and techniques, impacting traditional practices. TACOS AL PASTOR CHILES EN NOGADA  INDIA India boasts diverse regional cuisines rich in spices. Vegetarianism holds cultural significance, often rooted in religious beliefs. Sustainable agricultural practices are also prevalent, reflecting a balance between tradition and environmental awareness. PALAK PANEER MASOOR DAL (RED LENTIL CURRY)  NORWAY Norwegian cuisine features traditional preservation methods like curing and smoking, shaped by the country's geography. Seasonal foods hold cultural significance, highlighting local ingredients and fostering a strong connection to nature. RAKFIS KJØTTKAKER K  ETHIOPIA In Ethiopia, the staple food, injera made from teff, is central to the diet, communal eating from a common platter fosters connection, and agricultural challenges like climate change and soil degradation drive adaptations in farming. DORO WAT SHIRO  CONCLUSION Food is vital for survival and cultural identity worldwide. In Japan, Mexico, India, Norway, and Ethiopia, traditional practices showcase unique adaptations to local challenges. These food customs foster community and resilience, highlighting the importance of understanding diverse cultures and their approaches to food security. FOOD AS STATUS IN PHILIPPINES REPORT BY: SHINE MARJORIE AREVALO FOOD AS STATUS IN PHILIPPINES Food reflects social status and class distinctions, and this is evident in the Philippines where food choices and dining practices vary significantly across different social classes. Different economic groups have distinct food preferences shaped by their financial capability and cultural influences. AREVAL O THE SOCIAL CLASS SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES The Philippines has three main social classes: THE ELITE/UPPER CLASS MIDDLE CLASS WORKING CLASS, INCLUDING THE LOWER CLASS. These classes differ significantly in their work, income, and food AREVAL O ELITE/UPPER CLASS The elite enjoy luxury food, such as wagyu beef, international cuisine, and fine dining at upscale restaurants. Their work often includes executives, CEOs, and business owners, earning ₱150,000 and above per month. AREVAL O  MIDDLE CLASS The middle class enjoys traditional Filipino meals like Kare-Kare and Sinigang, with occasional fast food and restaurant visits. This class includes professionals earning between ₱40,000 to ₱80,000 per month. AREVAL O  WORKING- CLASS The working class relies on affordable meals like rice with simple ulam, street food, and instant noodles. Their work includes laborers, vendors, and service workers, earning ₱15,000 to ₱20,000 per month. AREVAL O  LOWER-CLASS The poor struggle with access to basic food, relying on rice, tuyo or dried fish, instant noodles or anything most affordable and filling options. They often work as informal laborers, earning below ₱10,000 per month. AREVAL O  CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE In the Philippines, food symbolizes social status, especially during celebrations. Fancy feasts mark wealth, while simpler meals indicate modest means. It is a reflection of social status, cultural identity, and the values of hospitality and generosity. AREVAL O ECONOMIC IMPACT ON FOOD CHOICES Income levels greatly influence food choices in the Philippines. Higher- income groups can afford luxury foods and dining experiences, while lower-income groups rely on affordable staples. Economic disparity affects food security, access to nutrition, and cultural AREVAL O celebrations. FOOD AS PLEASURE REPORT BY: DARREL JAMES C. DACUMOS In the Philippines, food plays a crucial role in everyday life, deeply intertwined with social customs, family gatherings, and cultural traditions. For Filipinos, food is more than just sustenance it is a source of pleasure, celebration, and connection. Here’s how the importance of food as pleasure manifests in the Philippines and its cultural relevance:  1. SOCIAL AND FAMILY BONDING Family-Centered Meal In Filipino culture, food is central to family life. Whether it's a simple daily meal or a grand feast, the act of sharing food strengthens family bonds. "Salo-salo", the Filipino practice of communal dining, is not just about eating together but enjoying each other’s DACUMOS 1.2 CELEBRATION AND FESTIVITIES Food plays a central role in Filipino celebrations like birthdays, fiestas, weddings, and religious events such as Christmas and Holy Week. DACUMOS  1.3 REUNIONS AND GATHERINGS In Filipino culture, gatherings with extended family and friends are common. Whether it’s a potluck or a spontaneous get-together, the pleasure of eating delicious food enhances the social experience, fostering a sense DACUMOS 2. COMFORT AND EMOTIONAL SATISFACTION Comfort Food: Filipino comfort foods, such as adobo,sinigang, lugaw, and halo-halo, are deeply tied to emotional well-being. These dishes are often linked to childhood memories, home- cooked meals, and moments of warmth and care from family members. They provide emotional comfort, especially DACUMOS 2. COMFORT AND EMOTIONAL SATISFACTION Food as Expression of Care: In the Philippines, offering food is a gesture of love and hospitality. When visiting someone's home, it’s common to be offered a meal or a snack, regardless of the time of day. The act of feeding others is seen as an expression of care and generosity, enhancing the pleasure of both DACUMOS 3. CULTURAL IDENTITY AND PRIDE Culinary Heritage, filipino cuisine reflects the country’s rich history and diverse influences from Malay, Chinese, Spanish, and American cultures. The fusion of flavors—sweet, salty, sour, and savory—creates a distinct food culture that Filipinos are proud of. Signature dishes like adobo, sinigang, and kare-kare are not only enjoyed for their taste but are also seen as a way of DACUMOS preserving and passing down 3. CULTURAL IDENTITY AND PRIDE Food Tourism and Pride in Local Cuisine: Food is a point of pride for Filipinos, and local cuisine is increasingly being recognized internationally. The growing trend of Filipino food tourism, where visitors explore street food markets and try regional specialties, highlights the cultural importance of food as a pleasurable and meaningful experience. Dishes like DACUMOS sisig, balut,and turon have become 4. FESTIVALS AND STREET FOOD CULTURE Fiesta Culture: In the Philippines, fiestas are celebrated in almost every town, often in honor of a patron saint. These celebrations are incomplete without elaborate feasts, where tables are filled with various dishes. Food is enjoyed with joy and DACUMOS 4. FESTIVALS AND STREET FOOD CULTURE Street Food Scene: Street food is an integral part of Filipino food culture, offering a pleasurable eating experience in the most casual settings. Popular items like isaw taho, and fish balls allow locals and tourists alike to enjoy affordable, delicious treats while on the go. Eating street food is often a social experience, with friends gathering around vendors and savoring the vibrant DACUMOS In the Philippines, food is not just a basic necessity it is a profound source of pleasure that brings people happiness and most importantly it helps them to support their daily needs by making it their source of income.  FOOD AS COMMUNITY REPORTED BY: ROXAS Food plays a vital role in building and sustaining communities. Sharing meals with others can bring people together, promote socialization, and foster a sense of belonging. Whether it's a family gathering, a community feast, or a religious celebration, food is often used as a way to mark important events and to bring people together.  FOOD AS COMMUNITY Food has always been a way to bring people together. Whether it's sharing a family meal, cooking with friends, or attending a community potluck, food has the power to create a sense of community and build connections between people. FOOD AS HUMANITY Report by: Binuya, Arturo Your paragraph text  Introduction: Food is a fundamental aspect of human life, serving not only as a source of sustenance but also as a cultural, social, and economic pillar. This report explores the multifaceted role of food in humanity, examining its significance across various dimensions including nutrition, culture, economy, and sustainability. 1. Nutritional Importance Food is essential for survival, providing the necessary nutrients for growth, energy, and health. The main categories of nutrients include: Carbohydrates: Primary source of energy. Proteins: Crucial for growth and repair. Fats: Necessary for energy storage and cell function. Vitamins and Minerals: Support various bodily functions. Malnutrition, whether due to undernutrition or overnutrition, poses significant public health challenges worldwide. 2. Cultural Significance Food is deeply intertwined with cultural identity. It shapes traditions, rituals, and social gatherings. Key aspects include: Culinary Traditions: Different regions have unique cuisines, reflecting local ingredients and cooking methods. Festivals and Celebrations: Food plays a central role in religious and cultural festivities, symbolizing community and togetherness. Heritage and Identity: Traditional foods often carry historical significance, linking generations and preserving cultural heritage. 3. Economic Impact The food industry is a major driver of the global economy. Its components include: Agriculture: The foundation of food production, employing millions and contributing significantly to GDP in many countries. Food Processing and Distribution: Adding value and facilitating access to a diverse range of food products. Global Trade: Food is one of the most traded commodities, influencing international relations and economies. 4. Food Security and Sustainability Ensuring access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food is a pressing challenge. Key issues include: Food Insecurity: Affects millions globally, exacerbated by factors such as poverty, conflict, and climate change. Sustainable Practices: The need for environmentally friendly agricultural practices is becoming increasingly urgent to combat climate change and preserve ecosystems. Innovation and Technology: Advances in technology, including biotechnology and vertical farming, offer potential solutions to enhance food production and security. 5. Food and Health Diet directly impacts health outcomes. The relationship between food and health is critical in addressing issues such as: Obesity and Non- communicable Diseases: Poor dietary choices contribute to a rise in obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Mental Health: Emerging research suggests a link between diet and mental well-being, emphasizing the role of nutrition in cognitive function. Here are a few examples of foods that represent the idea of "humanity" by symbolizing care, comfort, and shared experience: Bread – Often considered a staple in many cultures, bread represents community and sharing, especially in contexts like breaking bread together. Soup – Known as a comfort food, soup is often served during times of illness or hardship, symbolizing care and nourishment. Rice – A common staple across various cultures, rice symbolizes unity and sustenance, as it feeds a large portion of the world's population. Chocolate – Beyond its flavor, chocolate is frequently given as a gesture of kindness, joy, or celebration, symbolizing shared happiness. Fruit Basket – A gift of fruit, often shared in times of joy or sympathy, represents generosity and community support. These foods are often tied to cultural traditions and reflect the nurturing aspect of humanity.  Conclusion: Conclusion Food is much more than a necessity; it embodies human culture, economic systems, and health. As global challenges such as climate change and population growth intensify, understanding the multifaceted role of food will be crucial in promoting a sustainable and equitable future for all. Addressing issues related to food security, health, and cultural significance requires collaborative efforts across nations, industries, and communities.  FOOD NOT PERMITTED FOR RELIGIOUS REASONS REPORT BY: LLONA & SUMALPONG  ISLAM Haram (Forbidden): Haram means "forbidden" (Halal and Haram) and includes: Halal (Permitted): In Pork and its by-products (e.g., gelatin Islam, food must be halal, derived from pork). meaning "lawful" or Alcohol and anything intoxicating. "permissible" according to Carrion (dead animals not slaughtered Islamic law. Halal meat properly). comes from animals that Blood in any form (food must be drained of are slaughtered in the name of Allah (God) by making a blood). quick and humane cut to the throat, allowing the blood to drain out. This *During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn until practice is known as sunset, abstaining from all food and drink during Dhabihah. those hours.  JUDAISM Forbidden: Kosher (Permitted): Jewish dietary laws, called Kashrut, dictate Pork and animals that don't meet the what foods are kosher, meaning they are fit for consumption. Key kosher criteria (e.g., rabbits, camels, rules include: horses). Mixing meat and dairy in the same meal is Animals must be slaughtered in a specific manner (known as forbidden. Kosher households often have shechita), ensuring the blood is separate sets of dishes for meat and dairy. properly drained. Grape products made by non-Jews, due to Only animals with split hooves that chew cud (e.g., cows, historical rituals involving wine in religious sheep, goats) are kosher. services. Fish must have fins and scales to be considered kosher (e.g., salmon, tuna), meaning *Certain foods are restricted during holidays shellfish like shrimp, lobster, like Passover, when leavened bread (and and crab are not allowed. Fruits, vegetables, and grains anything with leavening agents like yeast) is prohibited.  HINDUISM Forbidden: Permitted: Beef is strictly prohibited, as cows are considered sacred and are often associated Many Hindus follow a with divinity, particularly with the goddess vegetarian diet, Kamadhenu. believing in ahimsa Animal products or foods that are considered (non-violence) toward to harm animals are generally avoided by all living beings. Those devout Hindus. who do consume meat Many Hindus also avoid onions and garlic, as usually prefer lacto- these are believed to increase passion or vegetarianism, avoiding aggression, which disrupts spiritual and mental eggs but consuming clarity. dairy products like milk, yogurt, and butter. *Dietary practices may vary based on the region and personal beliefs, with some Hindus  BUDDHISM Forbidden: Permitted: Some Buddhists, especially monks, practice "no killing" by refusing to consume meat Many Buddhists adopt a unless the animal was not killed specifically for them. They might eat meat if it is offered to vegetarian or vegan diet, them in the spirit of almsgiving, provided they guided by the principle of didn't see, hear, or suspect that the animal non-harm (ahimsa), was killed for them. avoiding the killing of Garlic, onions, and strong-smelling vegetables animals. While are avoided in certain sects, as these foods are vegetarianism is common believed to increase lust, anger, and other in Mahayana Buddhist disruptive emotions. regions like China and Fasting is also observed in some Buddhist Vietnam, it’s not a traditions, especially before meditation or universal requirement in on special religious days.  SIKHISM Forbidden: Permitted: Halal and Kosher meat is not allowed, as the ritual slaughtering is considered Sikhs are encouraged to contrary to the Sikh principle of not consume wholesome foods inflicting suffering on animals. that provide nourishment to Alcohol, tobacco, and intoxicants are strictly the body while maintaining prohibited, as they are seen as harmful to simplicity. There is no strict vegetarian rule in Sikhism, both the body and mind. though many Sikhs choose Sikhs avoid foods that interfere with a to be vegetarians, balanced and simple life, and some choose especially those associated to follow a vegetarian diet. with the Gurdwara (Sikh *Some Sikhs follow a non-ritualistic approach to temple) meals, which are food, emphasizing simplicity and moderation. typically vegetarian to be inclusive. RASTAFARIANISM Forbidden: Permitted: Pork is strictly forbidden, as it is considered unclean. The Rastafarian diet, Shellfish and scavenging animals (e.g., crabs, known as the Ital diet, shrimp) are also avoided. Highly processed foods, including those with emphasizes natural, whole, artificial additives and preservatives, are avoided and organic foods that are in favor of natural and organic options. in harmony with the Earth. Caffeine and Alcohol is generally not consumed, as Many Rastafarians are it is seen as weakening the body and mind. vegetarian or vegan, and food is seen as a way to The dietary restrictions of Rastafarianism are rooted in a focus on natural living, aligning the body and soul maintain a healthy spiritual with the Earth. and physical state. Ital foods are often unprocessed, with no Fasting: On Ash Wednesday and Good Friday, Catholics are CATHOLICISM called to fast, meaning they are allowed one full meal and two smaller meals that together do not Permitted: Catholics have no permanent dietary equal the full meal, with no snacking in between. restrictions, but the faith emphasizes moderation and Fasting is a spiritual respect for the body as a temple of the Holy Spirit. discipline to grow closer to God through sacrifice and Forbidden (During Certain Periods): self-denial. Meat Abstinence: During Lent (the 40 days before Easter), Catholics traditionally abstain from eating meat While the specific rules on Fridays. Meat refers to flesh foods like beef, pork, and around abstinence and poultry, but fish and seafood are allowed. This practice fasting have relaxed over is a form of penance to prepare for Easter and reflect on the years, they remain a Jesus Christ's sacrifice. Some Catholics extend this significant part of Catholic abstinence to other Fridays throughout the year. tradition, particularly  During fasting periods, the faithful abstain from: Meat and poultry. Dairy products (milk, cheese, EASTERN ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY eggs) Fish (except on specific feast days when fish may be Permitted: allowed). Wine and oil (these may also Eastern Orthodox Christians follow a more be restricted depending on rigorous practice of fasting and abstinence the fasting period and specific throughout the year. Their diet is generally more guidelines). restrictive during fasting periods, but they Fish, wine, and oil may be emphasize a simple, humble diet. permitted on certain feast days during fasting periods. Forbidden (During Fasting Periods): - The *On non-fasting days, Orthodox Eastern Orthodox Church observes multiple Christians are free to eat all fasting periods throughout the year, the most foods. Fasting is seen as a way to spiritually purify oneself and prominent being Great Lent, the 40 days leading practice self-discipline, aligning up to Easter.  Forbidden: *Pork* and other animals considered "unclean" according to the Bible (Leviticus 11), which includes shellfish, catfish, and SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST any animal that does not have cloven hooves and chew its cud. - Permitted: *Alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine* (in coffee, tea, cola) are discouraged as these substances Seventh-day Adventists are encouraged are considered harmful to the to follow a vegetarian or plant-based body and mind. diet, believing that it promotes both *Many Adventists avoid meat physical and spiritual well-being. They altogether to follow the Eden focus on consuming *whole grains, diet, which was prescribed in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes*. the Bible's book of Genesis. Many Adventists are involved in health- Health is central to Adventist theology, and believers see the focused ministries, advocating for body as a temple that should be natural and balanced living. cared for properly, promoting a Forbidden: *Root vegetables* (like potatoes, onions, garlic, carrots, and radishes) because uprooting these JAINISM plants kills the entire organism, Permitted: which violates the non-violence principle. Jains follow one of the most restrictive diets due *Honey* is avoided because to the principle of *ahimsa* (non-violence). Jains harvesting it kills or harms bees. believe in causing as little harm as possible to all *Fermented foods* and alcohol are forbidden due to the microscopic living beings, which influences their strict organisms that ferment the food *vegetarian* or *vegan* diet. and because alcohol clouds the mind. *Eggs and animal products* are Foods permitted include: - *Grains, fruits, strictly avoided, along with foods nuts, seeds*, and *vegetables* that grow that involve killing or even unintentionally causing harm to above ground. animals, insects, or microorganisms. *Dairy products*, though some Jains avoid them due to concerns about harm in dairy Forbidden: *Alcohol* is prohibited, as it is believed to harm both the body and mind. MORMONISM *Tobacco and illegal drugs* are Mormonism, or the Church of Jesus strictly forbidden for the same Christ of Latter-day Saints, follows reasons. guidelines known as the Word of *Coffee and tea* are avoided due Wisdom, which outlines permitted and to the stimulant effects of caffeine, though other caffeinated forbidden foods. products (like soda) are not explicitly banned, though many Mormons choose to avoid them as Permitted: Mormons are encouraged well. to eat grains, fruits, vegetables, and a *The Word of Wisdom also moderate amount of meat. advises against overeating and encourages exercise and  *Impure or contaminated foods* are avoided in Zoroastrianism, as the religion stresses ritual cleanliness and ZOROASTRIANISM purity. Permitted: Zoroastrianism does not have strict dietary *Fasting* is not commonly restrictions, but the faith emphasizes the concepts practiced, as Zoroastrians believe of *purity* and *balance*. that their faith emphasizes enjoying life and its blessings, Zoroastrians are encouraged to eat *healthy, but with moderation. natural foods* and avoid anything that is believed to cause spiritual or physical harm. While there are no strict laws forbidding specific foods, the Forbidden: overarching belief in Some Zoroastrians avoid *beef* out of respect for Zoroastrianism is that individuals cattle, as Zoroastrianism places a high value on should maintain purity, balance, animals and the environment. This is similar to and cleanliness in all aspects of Hinduism's reverence for cows. life, including their diet.  8. FOOD INDIGENOUS TO CULTURES REPORTED BY: PAYAS ,KIMBERLY & ORGUINO, WILTER  FOOD INDIGENOUS TO CULTURES Indigenous foods are more than just nourishment; they are a powerful symbol of cultural heritage, sustainability, and respect for the land. Sharing traditional meals nourishes not only the body but also the mind and spirit, connecting people to their roots and honoring generations of culinary traditions.  CARIBBEAN COUNTRY Originally the culture of the Caribbean was comprised of the Indigenous Arawaks, Caribs, Taino, and Ciboney. These Indigenous peoples were mostly hunters and gatherers, but they did cultivate some crops as well. One of their Indigenous foods include: Jerk: Originally a style of cooking meat that originated with the Taino people Polynesian/Native Hawaiian The Waianae Diet in Hawaii is based on the traditional Hawaiian diet, which is high in complex carbohydrates and fiber and low in fat. One of their Traditional foods include: KALUA PORK  Aboriginal/Native Australian "Bush tucker," Australia's native foods, includes plants and animals traditionally used for nourishment by Indigenous Australians during the hunter-gatherer era. One of their Traditional foods include: KANGAROO FILLET WITH ROASTED BABY VEGETABLE SALAD  PERU Peru's Amazon region is home to numerous Indigenous groups, including the Achuar, Aguaruna, and Asháninka, whose traditional foods form the foundation of the country's rainforest-to-table movement. This cuisine, rich in both flavor and health benefits, reflects the deep connection between Indigenous cultures and the Amazon's bounty. One of their Traditional foods include: Juane  LATIN AMERICA Within Latin America, there are several Indigenous peoples including the Huichol (also known as the Wixárika), the Aztecs, the Mayans, and the Purhépecha One of their Indigenous foods include: Dishes: tamales  CONCLUSION Indigenous food traditions are a powerful link to the past, present, and future. By embracing them, we celebrate diverse cultures and ensure a sustainable food system for generations to come.