Food for Shape: Factors Affecting Food Choice I PDF

GEN N105BF Food for Shape 營養 ∙ 養型 School of Nursing and Health Studies Factors affecting food choice (I) Prepared by Dr. Queenie Law Today’s lecture 1. Recognize the functions of food and food classification systems 2. Explain the concept of food and nutrition from both Eastern and Western persp...

GEN N105BF Food for Shape 營養 ∙ 養型 School of Nursing and Health Studies Factors affecting food choice (I) Prepared by Dr. Queenie Law Today’s lecture 1. Recognize the functions of food and food classification systems 2. Explain the concept of food and nutrition from both Eastern and Western perspectives What is food? Appears on our tables at mealtime Comes from the sea Is gathered from the jungle (Ing, 2011, p.86) Grows on farms Sold in the market Food Classification Food classification systems Nutritionists Nutrient Profiles Food classification systems (Cont’d) Consumers Assign food into hot and cold qualities Food Vs. Nonfood Edible and inedible plants and animals May Vary from culture to culture (Ing, 2011, p.86) Food classification systems (Cont’d) http://www.ifood.tv/blog/le arn-about-the-origin-offrogs-legs-as-frenchnational-delicacy https://www.yummy.ph /recipe/chicken-feetwith-black-beans-recipe Dietary and cultural prejudice Food classification systems (Cont’d) Culture defines meals as well as food Formal meal Vs. Snacks (Ing, 2011, p.87) Strict rules e.g. time, place and sequences and recipes Vs. Lacks rules and strict order, whenever and wherever a person wants Food classification systems (Cont’d) Core Anthropological classification Periphe ral Secondary Functions of food Not simply an organic product Food and Identity Food categories serve as the cultural marker of identifying one’s self with others e.g. the non-Han minority treats buckwheat as their ethic food in contrast to the Han Chinese who eat rice as their staple food Non-Han Vs Han Chinese (Ing, 2011, p.87) Social functions of food Establish and maintain interpersonal relationship food is a means for people to establish and express relationships between one another. This relationship can exist among individuals, community members, religious groups, and ethnic groups. Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings (Ma, 2015, p. 195) Social functions of food (cont’d) Express the degree of interpersonal relationship Different foods convey different meanings among the eaters and indicate the closeness of the relationship Service of expensive and rare foods show the respect to the guests (Ma, 2015, p. 195) Social functions of food (cont’d) Represent social status Rare and expensive food is used to represent wealth and high social economic status This custom is mainly related to the upper class living style (Ma, 2015, p. 195) Social functions of food (cont’d) As a group characteristic (Ma, 2015, p. 196) a character of one group, divided by regions, families, races or religions Regions: Social functions of food (cont’d) Celebrate important event To express the central position in the representation and relationship, a dinner or banquet can be used as a symbol of the important events in human life, such as wedding People eat special food to celebrate important events or festivals. (Ma, 2015, p. 196) Social functions of food (cont’d) Symbolic significance (Ma, 2015, p. 197) As symbols of meaning in many occasions Source: https://www.slideshare.net/sulaoshi/symbolism-in-chinese-culture-59662298 Social functions of food (cont’d) Means of reward or punishment (Ma, 2015, p. 197) Sweets and desserts as reward or comfort Withhold sweets as punishment Please! Stop Using Food as a Reward or Punishment Food and Social Change Culinary history is social history (Ing, 2011, p.88) A way of understanding the social shifts as well as technological development Development of capitalism and industrialization Increment in the outcome of food production and commercialization of daily food A shift in gender division of labor and changing food consumption activities in the household domain Food and Medicine Culture defines health Food therapy Food shapes the body and the regulation of food intake prevents bodily danger Culturally shaped food preferences, do lead to physiological disease (Ing, 2011, p.89) Food and Religion Religious ethic foods: Orthodox Buddhists – avoid eating meat and fish Christian foods – a wafer or bread (body of Jesus) and wine (blood) Muslim foods – prohibited swine meat, The flesh of carrion (dead animals), food previously offered to gods and alcohol and any intoxicant (Kwon & Tamang, 2015, p. 45-46) Food and Politics https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/05/upshot/uschina-trade-war-unconventional-retaliation.html Chinese food culture https://www.chinahighlights.com/travelg uide/chinese-food/ Chinese food culture The concepts of Chinese food culture Formalization (Zili, 2017, p. 6) - Abundant and valuable food can reflect that hospitality of masters - The amount of the food are more than the host and guests can consume Eating Environment (Zili, 2017, p. 6) All the people sit around the table and share the meal In present China, it is an odd phenomenon that social intercourse without smoking or drinking can’t function in China Chinese food culture (cont’d) The concepts of Chinese food culture Collectivism (Zili, 2017, p. 7) - Chinese would like the tendency of “sharing” when they get together, whether at home or outside - Guests as usual want to pay the bill unless somebody has claimed early http://www.theunrealtimes.com/2015/02/08/fed-upof-seeing-diners-fight-over-paying-the-bill-waiterpays-it-himself/ Chinese food culture (cont’d) The contents of Chinese food culture (Zili, 2017, p. 7) Exquisiteness and Nutrition - More priority to pursue the taste than the nutrition of food - Taste is the most vital among color, aroma and taste Complicated Name of Food - Complex names of dishes - Reflect Chinese cuisine culture “Dong Po Pork” https://foodfornet.com/ slow-cooker-dong-porou/ http://www. wlvn.org/volu nteer-atthe-taste-oflakeview/ Chinese food culture (cont’d) The contents of Chinese food culture (Zili, 2017, p. 8) Diversity - “Have you eaten food” - “Face” in China – dignity and respect from others - There should be enough food on the table https://www.asiamediacentre.org.nz/features/chinese-business-valuesguanxi-mianzi-renqing/ Chinese food culture (cont’d) The Etiquette of Chinese food culture (Zili, 2017, p. 8) Different Tableware - Chopsticks - How to use Chopsticks? Do not rest chopsticks vertically in rice? http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%B7% E5%AD%90 Chinese food culture (cont’d) The Etiquette of Chinese food culture (Zili, 2017, p. 8) Different Seating Arrangements - the seat facing south in a feast is usually viewed as the most essential, whereas the seat facing north is relatively less vital Different Time Value Chinese food culture (cont’d) The Eating Ways of Chinese food culture (Zili, 2017, p. 9) The Collective Eating Way - Use round table, sitting circled the table - To form an atmosphere of harmony and solidarity - Sharing the abundant and rich food https://www.pinterest.com/pin/3944168798381075 70/ References Ing, L. C. (2011). A Brief Introduction to Anthropological Perspectives on Diet: Insights into the Study of Overseas Chinese. Asian Culture and History, 3(1), 86–93. Kwon, D. Y., & Tamang, J. P. (2015). Religious ethnic foods. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 2(2), 45–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jef.2015.05.001 Ma, G. (2015). Food, eating behavior, and culture in Chinese society. Journal of Ethnic Foods, 2(4), 195–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jef.2015.11.004 Zili, X. (2017). The Differences of Chinese and Western Food Cultures. Culture Literature & Culture, 2(1), 6–9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cllc.20170201.12