CSP Exam Book-22-55 PDF

18 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook ISO 14000- —Environmental Managements Key Consensus, Voluntary,...

18 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook ISO 14000- —Environmental Managements Key Consensus, Voluntary, Systems Guidance Standards ISO 31000- —Risk Management Principles ANSI-ASSE ZIO—Occupational Health &r ISO 30010- —Risk Management Assessment Safety Management Systems Techniques ANSI ASSE Z490—Practices and Criteria for ISO 19011—^Auditing Management Systems Safety & Health Training NFPA 10—Fire Extinguishers ANSI/ASSE Z590.2-2003—Criteria for NFPA 13—Sprinkler Systems Establishing the Scope and Functions of the NFPA 30—Flammable Liquids Professional Safety Position NFPA TOE—Electrical ANS1/Z590.3-2011—^Prevention Through Desi^ NFPA 101—Life Safety Code BSI 18001—Safety & Health Managements Systems Domain 1: Advanced Sciences and Matii and hauKlous Domain 1: Advanced sciences and math KcNjilied tiwn CSP10 Esamnalion Bluepnnt. Board nlCenilied Setety Prolessnnils Key CSP Blueprint Themes Domain 1: Advanced Science and Math Algebra, trigonometry, geometry, calculating area & volume Physics, chemistry, biology - Chemistry concepts, balancing equations - Calculating force, acceleration - Anatomy and physiology, target organs, exposure pathways Research methods - Scientific method (Inductive and deductive) - Evidence based, data driven - Calculating statistics - Interpretation of data Key CSP Blueprint Themes: Domain 1  Domain Advanced Sciences and Math 19 ASP-CSP Math Equations Concentrations of Vapors and Cases Formulas mg/m^ x 2^.45 LFL = ppm = MW f. f ppm = parts per million in concentration LFL 1 LRU - -2 LFL mg/m^ = milligrams/cubic meter MW = Molecular Weight of the substance LFLm = Lower Flammable Limit of a mixture or solvent f = fraction by weight (c,xT,) +(c,xT,) +- +(c„xt) TLV = 1 TWA = t t f VT3+... +T) TLV,1 + TLV.2 + + TLV TWA = Time Weighted Average TLV^ = Threshold Limit Value of a mixture C = Concentration of chemical f = fraction byweight (% expressed as a T = Time of exposure decimal O.XX) _ ^1 TLV. = TLV, TLV. TLV Where: TLVrnix = Threshold Limit Value for a mixture of airborne chemicals with additive effects. If the sum is greater than one (11, then an overexposure exists. Ci = the measured airborne concentrations of the chemicals. TLVj = published Threshold Limit Value for the respective chemicals. When two or more hazardous chemicals with similar toxic effects are present in the environment, the combined effect should be evaluated, rather than the individual effect. NOTE: The units can be either mg/m^ or ppm, but must be consistent in the equation. Combined Gas Law (Charles and Boyles Laws) PV P V M l _ ^2*2 T L P = Pressure (expressed in absolute) 1 atm = U.7 psi = 760 mm Hg = 29.92 in Hg = 33.90 ft H^O - 760 torr = 101.3 kilopascal V = Volume T = Temperature (expressed in absolute) -32) 1.8 ^ = tc + 273 = t^ + 460 20 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook Electrical Formulas V = IR or E = IR p = VI or P = El E or V= Voltage P = Power (Watts) I= Current (Amperage) I= Current (Amperage) R = Resistance (Ohms) E or V= Voltage 1 1 1 ^SERIES ^2 — + — + R R R R = Resistance (Ohms) ^PARALLEL 1 ^2 R = Resistance (Ohms) Radiation Formulas N = N e-'^'0 N = radioactivity remaining after time t Nq = radioactivity at a given original time 1= Intensity t = elapsed time d = distance k = disintegration constant e = second function natural log S = 6CiEf. A S = Roentgens/hour/foot ln2 — Ci = Curie strength (whole curies) el E = Energy in megaelectron volts (MEV) A= radioactivity remaining after time t f = fractional yield Aq = radioactivity at a given original lime t = elapsed time Ti/2 = half-life of the radionuclide ln2 = 0.693 (natural log of 2) ln2 I1/2- Ti/2= half-life of the radionuclide ln2 = 0.693 (natural log of 2) k = disintegration constant Structural and Mechanical Calculations Area and Volume Formulas Circumference of a circle = 2rcr or nd nd^ Area of a circle = rrr^ or 4 Area of a rectangle = length X width Area of a triangle = V2 X base X height Volume of a tank = nr^h or Volume of a cube = length X width X height  Domain 1; Advanced Sciences and Math 21 Trigonometry Functions a' + b' + c' sin A = — c , b cos A = — c tan A = — b nse Angle of a ramp = tan -1 run Sling angle and stress rules of thumb: 15° angle = twice the load 30° angle = the load 45° angle = 70% of load 60° angle = 58% load 90° angle = 50% of load Load ^ number of slings -j- sin A = stress on the sling Engineering Control Calculations Q - AV V= 4005>/vP Q = the Volumetric Flow Rate in the duct. V= Velocity llineal feet) measured in cubic feet/minute = ftVmin [cfm] VP = Velocity Pressure A = the Cross-Sectional Area of the duct under consideration, in square feet [ft^j V= the Velocity, or Duct Velocity, of the gases moving in the duct, in feet/minute =:ft/min [fpml V=4005Ce^SP^^ TP = SP + VP V= average duct velocity (fpml TP = Total Pressure ('wg) 4005 = constant, based on the density of standard air SP = Static Pressure l"wg) Ce = Coefficient of entry [unitless] VP = Velocity Pressure l"wg] Velocity Pressure (VP) is alv^ays "positive" SPh = hood static pressure ("wgl downstream of the fan. Static Pressure (SP) is alv\/ays "negative" upstream of the fan. Q= — xlO' Q 403x10'xSGxERxK TLV MWxC Q = volumetric flow (cfml Q = the effective dilution rate (cfml SG = Specific Gravity G= Generation rate of a gas or vapor Icfm) 10'^ = conversion factor from TLV to ppm ER = Evaporation Rate (pints/minutej K= K-factor or dilution ventilation safety factor TLV = the acceptable concentration (ppm) (3-10 unitless) MW = Molecular Weight C = Concentration (TLV) 22 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook CFMi RPMi CFM2 RPM2 CFMi = the Air Discharge Volume of the fan when it is operating at the ith set of conditions, in cubic feet per minute [cfm); RPMi = the ith operating Rotational Speed of the fan. in revolutions per minute [rpm]. Hoods WITHOUT Flanges Hoods WITH Flanges Q iQ V = V = lOx^ + A 3[10x^ +A] V= the Capture Velocity, i.e., the centerline velocity of the air entering the hood under consideration, at a point "x" feet directly in front of the face of the hood. This Capture Velocity is usually measured in feet per minute Ifpm] Q = the Volumetric Flow Rate of the hood, measured in cubic feet per minute Icfm] X= the Distance from the plane of the hood opening to the point directly in front of it where the Capture Velocity is to be determined, measured in feet Iftj A = the Cross-Sectional Area of the hood opening, measured in square feet [ft^] Heat Stress Formulas Indoor Formula Ino solar load) Outdoor Formula (with solar load) WBGT = 0.7WB + 0.3GT WBGT = 0.7 WB + 0.2 GT + 0.1 DB WBGT = Wet Bulb Globe Temperature WBGT = Wet Bulb Globe Temperature WB = Wet Bulb temperature WB = Wet Bulb temperature GT = Globe Temperature GT= Globe Temperature DB = Dry Bulb temperature Noise Formulas _W Lp=20log i L =10log, W. Pd Lw = sound power level Watts [dB] Lp = sound pressure level (dB) W= acoustic power in watts P = final sound pressure (Pa) Wq = reference power intensity watts Po = reference sound pressure (Pa) (20 pPa) SPLTo,ai = SPL,,dividual + lOlogn SPUotai = combined dB for all sources dB, = dB. + 20 log, SPL|r,d,v,duai = dB for one source n = number of noise sources dBi = noise level at distance d, (dB) 3-dB rule dBo = noise level at distance d^ (dB) d = distance from a noise source (any units of length) 6-dB rule  Domain 1: Advanced Sciences and Math 23 T = _-90)/5 TWA = 16.61 log, + 90 2U 100 T = allowable exposure time TWA = Time Weighted Average L= exposure (dB) D = Dose 1%) 5-dB rule Lpt = Lpi. +10 logN 3 L =10log S10 Lpt= total sound pressure level generated by N sources IdB) Lpi= individual sound level of each source IdB) Lpt = total sound pressure level generated by N = number of sound pressure levels N sources IdB) Lpj = individual sound level of each source (dB) N = number of sound pressure levels C C C Noise Dose = 'i '2 n C = Calculated exposure time T = Authorized exposure time Physics Formulas Force to Slide Force to Tip F = fjLN F,d, = F,d, F = Force required F = Force )! = coefficient of friction d = distance N = Normal weight Force down a ramp (sine function] N = W x sin Z. Force perpendicular to a ramp (cosine function) N = W X cos ^ Force W = mg F = ma W = Weight F = Force required m = mass m = mass g = gravity (acceleration) a = acceleration v = Vjj + at. at^ 1 2 v = final velocity s = vJ + — or s = v^t + -at^ 0 2 0 2 Vo = initial velocity Vq = initial velocity a = acceleration s = distance traveled t = time taken a = acceleration t = time taken = vj +2as K.E. v = final velocity 2 Vo = initial velocity K.E, = Kinetic Energy s = distance traveled m = mass a = acceleration v = velocity (ft/secl t a = acceleration v = final velocity Vq = initial velocity t = time taken 24 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook Traffic Formulas Note: These are the formulas chat may be provided on the exam. It is recommended that you memorize the simpli fied traffic formulas provided in the text. Ykph = X S X |X V = XSX\L mph Vkph = Velocity in kilometers per hour Vmph = Velocity in miles per hour S = distance (length of skid markl S = distance (length of skid mark) |x = coefficient of friction p, = coefficient of friction V,final =^V/ +V,^+... +V^ K.E. = 5-5 W Vfirai = total velocity over multiple coefficients of friction Vmph = Velocity in miles per hour K.E. = Kinetic Energy W = Weight Financial Principles Formulas F = P(l + i)" P = F(l + i) " (1+ir-i F = A A = F (l + i)"-l A = P id + O" P = A (i + i)°-i i(l + i)" Where i = interest rate for a given interest period (remember to divide the interest by 4 to get quarterly interest) n = number of interest periods (to get quarters, multiply the years by 4) P = sum of money at the present time F = future worth of a present sum of money after n interest periods, or the future worth of a series of equal payments A = a payment or receipt at the end of an interest period in a series of n equal payments or receipts (if the payment is a yearly payment and the question is based on a quarterly deposit, divide by 4) Statistics Calculations z= ^ z = Z'score \_= t-score X= data point X = mean )j. = mean [j = mean 0 = standard deviation S = standard deviation n = number of data points r^-Xt (Xt)^e P, = 1-R(tl P(r) = r! Pf= Probability (failure) P = Poisson distribution R(tl = Reliability (tl r = number of observed events or rate k = expected number of events or baseline t = time  Domain 1: Advanced Sciences and Math 25 iS(xy)-(Ix)(Iy) R(tl = e"^' r = R[t) = Reliability (t) l(x')-(lx)' nX(y^)-(2y 0 = 2.71828 X. = failure rate (reciprocal of mean time between failure) t = a specified period of fail-free operation or failure-free operation x = X-X y = Y-Y r = regression (coefficient of correlation) N = number of data points X= independent variable Y= dependent variable n n! p."' s = x = X-X a = n- k ! k! n - k s = sample standard deviation P,['= numberofcombinations possible when taking n 0 = population standard deviation things k at a time X= data point 0[= number of combinations possible when taking n things k at a time X = mean n = number of things to sample from k = number of things taken each time Hydrostatics and Hydraulics Formulas Q' O.Si 89 Id' Q, = Q, Pv = Pressure velocity [psil 0.S4 S-R, Q= flow rate (gpm) d = internal diameter in inches Q= flow (gpm) S = Static pressure (psi) R= Residual pressure (psi) 4.52 d~ Ql.85 ^4.87 Pd= Pressure drop - psi/ft Q= flow (gpm) Q= flow (gpm) P = Pressure differential (S — R) C = Coefficient of roughness (pipe) d = internal diameter in inches Unit Conversions 1 kg = 2.2 lbs 1000 mm = 1 m 1 kgm = 9.8 Newtons force 1 in = 2.54 cm 1 pound force = 4.45 Newtons 1 micron = 10"^ cm 1000 g = 1 kg 1000 m = 1 km 1 lb = 454g 1 meter = 3.28 feet 7.48 gal = 1 ft^ 1 mile = 1.6 km 16oz = 454g 1 ft = 30.48 cm 760 mm Hg- 29.92 in Hg 1 mile = 5280 feet 760 mm Hg = 14.7 Ib/in^ 1 mile = 1609 meters 26 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook 1 liter = 1.06 qt = 61.02 in^ = 0.03531 ft^ = 0.26 gal 1 atmosphere latm) pressure 1 gal = 3.78 liters - 14.7 psi 1 liter = 1000 mL= 1000 cm^ (cc) = 760 mm Hg = 29.92 in Hg = 33.90 ft H20 - 760 torr = 101.3 kilopascal gram-mole @ 0®C and 1 atm = 22.4 liters 1 lumen = 1 candela @ 25°C and 1 atm = 24/5 liters 1 foot-candle= 10.76 candela/m^ 1 foot-candle = 10.76 lux Water weight density = 62.4 lbs/ft^ 1 rad = 10"^ gray 8.34 lbs/gal 1 rem = 10"^ sievert. 1 gray = 1 sievert NIOSH Lifting Equation RWL = LC X HM X VMx DM X AM X FM X CM RWUbl =5l[^](1 - 0.0075 IV- 30 |)[o.82 + - 10.0032 xA))(FMl(CMj RWUkq) = 23 v ^H / 11 - 0.003 I V- 75 II V0,82 + -^ U J\ 1- 10.0032 x A) IFMHCM) Where H = horizontal distance of hands from midpoint between the ankles V = vertical distance of the hand from the floor D = vertical travel distance between origin and destination A = angle of asymmetry, the angular displacement of the load from the sagittal plane in degrees F = average frequency of lift in lifts per minute  Domain 1; Advanced Sciences and Math 27 Notes and Modifications: CO' 1 H = must be between 10 and 25 inches o' 1 V = must be between 0 and 70 inches V= is an absolute value indicating the absolute deviation from 30 inches; i.e., if V= 36 the absolute value would be 6, likewise if V = 2^ the absolute value would also be 6. D = must be between 10 inches and (70 - V] inches if iess than W inches, D = W F = must be between 0.2 (one lift every five minutes) and 15 lifts per minute - duration ranges up to 8 hours A = must be between 0° and 135° angular displacement RWL = LC X HM X VM X DM X AM X FM X CM RWLllb) =Slf-jajd - 0.0075 IV- 30 l)[.82 +J^](l - (0.0032 xA))(FMl(CMl RWUkg] =23 [^1(1 - 0.003 IV- 75 (l(.82 +^](l - (0.0032 xA))(FM)(CM) COUPLING MULTIPLIER Coupling V30in Type (75 cm) (75 cm) Good 1.00 1.00 Fair 0.95 1.00 Poor 0.90 0.90 FREQUENCY MULTIPLIER Frequency Work Duration Lifts/min ^ 1 hr £2hr £8hr (F) V30 V30 V30 S0.2 1.00 1.00 0.95 0.95 0.85 0.85 0.5 0.97 0.97 0.92 0.92 0.81 1 0.94 0.94 0.88 0.88 0.75 0.75 2 0.91 0.91 0.84 0.84 0.65 0.65 3 0.88 0.88 0.79 0.79 0.55 0.55 4 0.84 0.84 0.72 0.72 0.45 0.45 5 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.60 0.35 0,35 6 0.75 0.75 0.50 0.50 0.27 0.27 7 0.70 0.70 0.42 0.42 0.22 0.22 8 0.60 0.60 0.35 0.35 0.18 0.18 9 0.52 0.52 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.15 10 0.45 0.45 0.26 0.26 0.00 0.13 11 0.41 0.41 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.00 12 0.37 0.37 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00 28 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook FREQUENCY MULTIPLIER Frequency Work Duration ' LIfts/min s 1 hr s2hr £8hr ft 13 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 U 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 > 15 0.00 D.OO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lifting Index (LI) = a term that provides a relative estimate of the level of physical stress associated witha particu lar manual lifting task. The estimate of the level of physical stress is defined by the relationship of the weight of the load lifted and the recommended weight limit (RWL). Load Weight L LI = Recommended Weight Limit RWL Select an Approved to read, not an inch by an inch and a half. It should have examples of problems and Calculator answers with illustrations. The ASP and CSP exams both require the use of a good 2. In addition to suggestions made by the scientific calculator Those taking BCSP examinations board, the authors believe the calculator will be allowed to bring one or two calculators into the should have these functions (in order of secure examination facility; any calculator brought into importance): the examination must be from the brands and models A statistical function capable of listed below. calculating mean, standard deviation, and correlation. Casio models FX-lOO, 200, or 300 series A change sign function for numbers and Hewlett Packard models HP 10, 12, or 17 exponents series A universal power functions Texas Instruments models Tl-30 series Scientific notation Make sure you know how to use your calculator(s) > Combinations, permutations, and so you don't waste valuable time trying to understand factorials how to use it once the examination clock starts. It is a 3. Lastly, the calculator should be large enough good idea to practice working solutions and to be able for each individual's use. Many modem to recall the correct calculator procedures. Different calculators have such small keys that it versions of the above brands and models will be per is nearly impossible to hit just one key at mitted. For example, the TI-30X IIS and HP 30s calcu a time. Since test-takers will be doing a lators will be allowed, as they are versions of permitted considerable amount of work during this brands and models. study effort, attempt to make it as user- When purchasing a calculator for this effort, look friendly as possible. for the following features: Many items on this list are personal preference. 1. First, and most importantly, the calculator Evaluate these suggestions with respect to personal sci should have a well-illustrated instruction ence and math skills to determine which functions are manual. The manual should be large enough most relevant.  Domain 1: Advanced Sciences and Math 29 During this course of Likewise, coefficient of correlation calculations study, several statistical are very complicated and time consuming to do with problems involving the ii-3oxns X and y tables. Operations that take seconds on a calculation of standard good calculator may require five or more minutes to deviation, both popula set up on paper. Undoubtedly, it is wise time man tion and sample, will be agement to use a calculator to do much of the work. encountered. Determin Additionally, you save a lot of mental effort by not ing standard deviation having to be concerned about applying the correct requires, among other {« IW' MU «>RU (lUI formulas. things, making a table, TT SH (05 lU The same rationale holds true for scientific nota determining absolute tion, combinations, permutations, and factorials. The values, squaring num problems involving probability and reliability all re bers, and significant ma quire use of these tools, some more than others. Thus, nipulation. Obviously, it is an advantage to search for the best possible calcu solving each problem lator to assist with these exams. unassisted would greatly A selected number of calculators will serve candi hinder your progress on dates well during the ASP and CSPstudy effort. SPAN™ a five-and-a-half-hour TI-30XIIS Series International Training Safety Workshops includes the test that allows a minute Calculator TI-30X IIS series calculator as part of the workshop be and a half per question! Reproduced from leiasInsKuments Incorpotgted cause it has an adequate instruction booklet, performs If a calculator will perform this function with a single all required functions, is easy to use and read, and, if key stroke (after data input), there is little doubt which one wishes to buy a spare, it can be purchased through method is recommended. SPAN™ for $25. Calculator Practice Solve the following using your calculator. Note: Rounding of numbers for the examination is not a problem. Due to the differences in calculator accuracy, the test will use approximate answers that will not be affected by reasonable rounding errors. 1. Calculate $69.95 — 10% discount = 2. Calculate 14 X 356 3. Calculate n X 3.6^ / 1 \ -x& 2 4. Calculate \± / J9 5. Calculate 6. Calculate x/2535 30 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook 7. Calculate log 15.32 8. Calculate 90 + 16.61 X logio2 9. Calculate 1 — 10. Calculate 45"' 11. Calculate — 45 12. Calculate (64) 13. Calculate sine 30 14. Calculate arcsine of 0.5. , (4x5) 15. Calculate 7 r (5x4) 70 + 50 16. Calculate 5x5 17. Calculate V4.5 x 2 1Q 18. r- 1 1 —-h Calculate 11 — ^2 3 -i- — — -i- — 7 4 2 3 4 8 Calculator Solutions 1. Calculate $69.95 — 10% discount = $62.96 On the TI: 69.95 - 10% X 69.95 2. Calculate 14 X 356 4984 On the TI; 14 X 356 = 3. Calculate K X 3.6^ 40.72 On the TI: n X 3.6^ =  Domain 1: Advanced Sciences and Math 31 -x62 2 4. Calculate -.6 s On theTI:(lJ2X6^yW9) = 5. Calculate 5"^^^ 2535 On the TI: 5^^4,87 = 6. Calculate '^ ®-^2535 r 5 On the TI:4.87 ^VC2535) = 7. Calculate log 15.32 1.19 On the TI; log 15.32 = 8. Calculate 90 + 16.61 X logio 2 95 On the TI: 90 + 16.61 X log 2 = 9. Calculate 1 —e~" 0.92 OntheTI; 1 - e'^(-2.5) = 10. Calculate 45"^ 0.022 On the TI: 45^^-I or45"^ = 11. Calculate— 0.022 45 On theTI: 1/45 = 12. Calculate (64)^^ 8 On the TI: 64^(1 / 2) or 64'^lJ 2 = 13. Calculate sine 30 0.5 On the TI: sin30 = 14. Calculate arcsine of 0.5 30 On the TI: sin"' 0.5 = 15. Calculate 1 (5x4) OntheTI: (4 X 5)/(5 X 4) = 70 + 50 16. Calculate 0.4 5X5 On the TI: ((70 + 50) / 12) / (5 X 5) = 17. Calculate V4.5 X2. 3 On the TI: V(4.5 X 2) = 18. Calculate i-i-i+ —+—4-— 1.143 4 2 3 4 8 On the TI: IJ 4 / IJ 2 / 2 J 3 / 3 J 4 / 7 J 8 = In 1/7 D => 1.143 32 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook Domain 1 Quiz 1 Questions 1. High occupational noise levels are prevalent in the occupational safety and health field. With high levels prevalent, occupational hearing loss involves three (3) main hertz ranges and affects specific anatomical parts of the ear. Choose the answer that lists the correct audible level in relation to the affected anatomical ear organ. A. Hearing loss at 3000-6000 hertz range ^ Sensorineural, affecting the cochlea and semicircularcanals B. Hearing loss at 2000-4000 hertz range the inner ear, affecting the cochlea and organ of corti C. Hearing loss at 4000-8000 hertz range The middle ear, affecting the tympanic membrane and cochlea D. Hearing loss at 6000-10,000 hertz range The external ear, affecting the lobule and scapha 2. In the lungs, oxygen is absorbed into the blood stream by passing through the membrane of the in the lungs. A. pleural cavity B. bronchioles C. alveoli D. trachea 3. A person^ aerobic capacity is best defined as: A. the minimum amount of work that can be performed given enough physical strength. B. the maximum amount of work that can be performed given enough available lactic acid. C. the maximum amount of v^ork that can be performed given enough oxygensupply to the muscles. D. the minimum amount of work that can be performed given enough oxygen supply to the muscles. 4. The movement of a body segment in a lateral plane away from the midline of the body is: A. abduction. B. adduction. C. flexion. D. extension. 5. Which of the following pass through the carpal tunnel? A. Medial nerve and radial artery B. Ulnar nerve and ulnar artery C. Ulnar nerve and flexor tendons D. Median nerve and flexor tendons 6. The part of the eye that turns light waves into a signal that is transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve is called the: A. cornea. B. lens. C. retina. D. pupil. 7. The organ that secretes bile, stores fat and sugar as reserve energy sources, converts harmful substances to less toxic forms, and regulates the amount of blood in the body is called the: A. kidney B. liver. C. duodenum. D. stomach.  Domain 1: Advanced Sciences and Math 33 8. The blood vessels and nerves of the skin are found in the: A. epidermis. B. hypodermis. C. stratum corneum. D. dermis. 9. A 110-foot telecommunications tower casts a shadow at an angle of 32 degrees with the ground. The length of the shadow is: A. 110 feet. B. 176 feet. a ^ sm A = — a ^ cos A = — ^tan Aa = — ^ C. 198.6 feet. c c b D. 229 feet. 10. Which of the following correctly evaluates the Boolean expression shown below? A. A and not-A or A and B equals A and B. B. Aplus not-A and Aplus Bequals Aplus B. (A +A)»CA +B) =A+B C. A plus A BAR and A plus B equals A plus B. D. A or not-A and A or B equals A or B. 11. Two tank farms are located on plant property. Tank farm number one contains one fuel storage tank 132 feet in diameter and 42 feet high. This tank farm has no diking. Tank farm number two is completely diked and contains four fuel storage tanks. Tank number one is 100 feet in diameter and 35 feet high. Tanks two and three are 30 feet in diameter and 13 feet high. Tank number four is 40 feet in diameter and 13 feet high. The area enclosed by diking is 220 feet by 330 feet. Calculate the storage capacity of the fuel tank located in tank farm number one. A. 4,300,000 gallons B. 2,500,000 gallons ^ nd^ x h C. 6,800,000 gallons 4 D. 555,456 gallons 12. The pressure in a 3-L compressed gas cylinder is 101.3 kpa at a temperature of 298K. The cylinder is allowed to heat while stored and reaches a pressure of 106.4 kpa because the commercial transportation van is exposed to the sun. What is the new temperature of the cylinder in Celsius? A. 55°C B. WC PiVi P2V2 C. 20°C T, " T2 D. 75"C 13. A car is traveling at 70 mph. The operator's reaction time is 0.73 seconds. How far will the car travel during the driver's reaction time? A. 48.6 feet B. 63 feet C. 77 feet D. 91.0 feet 14. A 173-pound worker equipped with a fall arrest system slips and falls 6 feet. The total arresting force placed on the restraining anchor fixture is 930 pounds. How many additional "G" forces did this worker experience? A. 2.2 B. 3.3 C. 4.4 D. 6.0 34 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook 15. In a cargo terminal, a cotton bale having a mass of 227 kilograms of mass (kgm) hangs from a device traveling in a straight line.The velocity of the cotton bale increases from 10.0 m/s to 20.0 m/s in 3 s. Determine the magnitude of the force acting on the cotton. A. 454 N B. 325 N C. 906 N a= ^ F = ma D. 650 N ^ 16. How many moles of oxygen are there in 10 grams of the element? Note: The atomic weight of oxygen is 16. A. 6.3 moles B. 0.68 moles C. 0.63 moles D. 63 moles 17. Which of the following equations is balanced? A. N2H4 + 2H2O2 ^ 4H2O + B. + 2H2O26H2O + N2 C. N2H4 + 2H2O2 ^ 4H2O + 2N2 D. N2H4 + 2H2O24H2O + 4N2 18. The process of collecting organic materials on a surface of an activated carbon filter is: A. adsorption. B. absorption. C. desorption. D. permeation. 19. A key characteristic of an organic chemical is that: A. it is only found in living things like plants and animals. B. it decomposes rapidly C. it contains carbon. D. it is pure and comprised of only a single element. 20. Any substance with a pH reading of 1.8 is: A. neutral. B. acidic. C. caustic. D. basic. Domain 1 Quiz 1 Answers 1. Answer: B. Habitual exposure to noise above 85 dB will cause a gradual hearing loss in a significant number of individuals, and louder noises willaccelerate this damage. Noise-induced hearing loss can be temporary or permanent. Noise (defined as unwanted sound) is a pervasive, insidious cause of hearing loss. It causes no particular pain unless it is as loud as a rifle blast. Chemical-induced hearing loss involves ototoxic chemicals (and examples) include: organic solvents (styrene, trichloroethylene, mixtures) heavy metals (mercury, lead, trimethyltin) asphyxiates (carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide) The ears have considerable comeback power from brief exposure to intense noise and ordinarily recover within 14 hours or so (this is calleda temporary threshold shift (TTS), typically most prominent at 4000 Hz).  Domain 1: Advanced Sciences and Math 35 However, prolonged exposure to intense noise gradually damages the cochlear hair cells of the inner ear, resulting in a prominent threshold shift (PTS) across multiple frequencies (Plog 2012). The average measured hearing range of an unimpaired person is 20-20,000 Hz. Below 20 Hz is subaudible; above 20,000 is uhrasonic. Human speech ranges from 300 to 4000 Hz. Generally, noise-induced hearing loss occurs at a pitch of about 2000-4000 Hz. The external portion of the ear (auricle/pinna) collects sound waves from the air and funnels them into the ear canal. They are transported to the tympanic membrane (eardrum). The collected sound waves cause the eardrum to move back and forth in a vibrating mechanical motion that is passed on to the bones of the middle ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna, external auditory canal, and ear drum. The middle ear consists of the hammer, anvil, and eustachian tube. The inner ear consists of the semicircular canals, cochlea, organ of corti, and cochlear nerve. The hearing conservation program requires employers to monitor noise exposure levels in a way that accurately identifies employees exposed to noise at or above 85 decibels (dB) averaged over 8 working hours, or an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). Employers must monitor all employees whose noise exposure is equivalent to or greater than a noise exposure received in 8 hours where the noise level is constantly 85 dB. Employers need to worry about noise exposure when threshold shifts are large at one frequency, when they are moderate at two or more adjacent frequencies, or when even small successive shifts occur consistently over a period of years. OSHA^ current definition of a shift to worry about, a significant or "standard" threshold shift, is an average shift of 10 dB or greater at 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz in either ear (Hearing Conservation Manual, 4th edition). NIOSH establishes Recommended Exposure Limits (REL) for noise based on the best available science and practice. The NIOSH REL for noise is 85 decibels, using the A-weighting frequency response (often written as dBA) over an 8-hour average, usually referred to as Time-Weighted Average (TWA). Exposures at or above this level are considered hazardous. OSHA sets legal limits on noise exposure in the workplace. These limits are based on a worker's time-weighted average over an 8-hour day With noise, OSHAs permissible exposure limit (PEL) is 90 dBA for all workers for an 8-hour day Occupational standards specify a maximum allowable daily noise dose, expressed in percentages. For example, a person exposed to 85 dBA per NIOSH or 90 dBA per OSHA over an 8-hour work shift, will reach 100% of their daily noise dose. Any noise above 140 dB is not permitted. The noise dose is based on both the sound exposure level and how long it lasts (duration), so for each increase or 3-dB (NIOSH) or 5-dB (OSHA) in noise levels, the duration of the exposure should be cut in half (this is what's referred to as exchange rates in standards). Table 4 illustrates the relationship between sound exposure levels and durations for both NIOSH and OSHA. Table U Monitoring Noise Exposure Levels Time to Reach 100% Noise Dose Exposure Level per NIOSH REL Exposure Level per OSHA PEL 8 hours 85 dBA 90 dBA 4 hours 88 dBA 95 dBA 2 hours 91 dBA 100dBA 1 hour 94 dBA 105 dBA- 30 minutes 97 dBA 110 dBA 15 minutes 100dBA 115 dBA 36 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook 2. Answer: C, An alveolus (plural; alveoli) is an anatomical structure that has the form of a hollow cavity. Found in the lung parenchyma, the pulmonary alveoli are the terminal ends of the respiratory tree, which outcrop from either alveolar sacs or alveolar ducts, which are both sites of gas exchange with the blood as well.The alveolar membrane is the gas-exchange surface. Carbon dioxide-rich blood is pumped from the rest of the body into the alveolar blood vessels where, through diffusion, it releases its carbon dioxide and absorbs oxygen. The pleural cavity is the thin fluid-filled space between the two pulmonary pleurae (visceral and parietal) of each lung. The outer pleura (parietal pleura) is attached to the chest wall. The inner pleura (visceral pleura) covers the lungs and adjoining structures, including blood vessels, bronchi, and nerves. The bronchioles, or bronchiole, are the passageways by which air passes through the nose or mouth to the alveoh (air sacs) of the lungs, in which branches no longer contain cartilage or glands in their submucosa. They are branches of the bronchi and are part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system. The bronchioles divide further into smaller terminal bronchioles that are still in the conducting zone, and these then divide into the smaller respiratory bronchioles that mark the beginning of the respiratory region. The trachea, colloquiallycalled the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allovidng the passage of air. 3. Answer; C. Aerobic capacity refers to the maximum amount of oxygen consumed by the body during intense exercises, in a given time frame. It is a function both of cardiorespiratory performance and the maximum ability to remove and use oxygen from circulating blood. Maximum aerobic work capacity is often referred to physical work, endurance, or capacity. 4. Answer; A. Abduction is defined as movement away from the central axis of the body—away from the median plane. Flexion is movement that decreases the angle between two adjacent bones. Extension is movement that increases the angle between two adjacent bones. Adduction is defined as movement toward the central axis or midline—the opposite of abduction. 5. Answer; D. The carpal tunnel, or carpal canal, is the passageway on the palmar side of the wrist that connects the forearm to the middle compartment of the palm. The tunnel consists of bones and connective tissue. Several tendons and the median nerve pass through it. 6. Answer; C. When light enters the eye, it first passes through the cornea. Its main function is to refract, or bend, light. The lens focuses light rays onto the light sensitive retina, where it is changed into a signal that is transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve. The signal is received and interpreted by the brain as a visual image. The pupil is the opening of the iris. The pupil may appear to open (dilate) and close (constrict), but it is really the iris that is the prime mover; the pupil is merely the absence of iris. The pupil determines how much light is let into the eye. 7. Answer; B. The liver secretes bile, stores fat and sugar as reserve energy sources, converts harmful substances to less toxic forms, and regulates the amount of blood in the body The kidn^s remove waste products from the blood and produce urine. As blood flows through the kidneys, the kidneys filter waste products, chemicals, and unneeded water from the blood. The duodenum is the first and shortest segment of the small intestine. It receives partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach and plays a vital role in the chemical digestion of chyme in preparation for absorption in the smallintestine. Many chemical secretions from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder mix with the chyme in the duodenum to facilitate chemical digestion. The stomach receives chewed food from the esophagus. Tiny glands in the stomach's lining secrete gastric juice, which contains acids, mucus, and enzymes. 8. Answer; D. The skin consists of three layers; Epidermis; thin outer layer and produces melanin Dennis; thick underlying layer that stores much of the body's supply of water, regulates temperature, and contains glands, nerves, and blood vessels for the skin. Hypodermis; fatty layer for insulation and shock absorption.  Domain V. Advanced Sciences and Math 37 9. Answer: B. a tan A = — b b = tan A 110 b = tan 32 b = 176 ft 10. Answer; D. When evaluating Boolean Logic and applications, the sign + is read "or" (i.e., A + B becomes A or B.) The sign is read "and"; thus, A B is stated A and B. The "A-bar" symbol is read "not-A." The expression (A+ A) (A+ B) = A + B is read: A or not-A and A or B equals A or B. The expression Ax (B + C) = (A x B) + (A x C), also described as a union of one subset with two others, can also be expressed as the union of their intersections. 11. Answer; A. 71 d^ X h V = 4 v2 3.14x(132r x42 V = 4 V = 574,760 cu ft 574,760 X 7.48 gal per cu ft = 4,299,200 gallons 12. Answer: B. P = Pressure (expressed in absolute, gauge pressure must be converted to absolute by adding 1 atm pressure to the gauge reading) 1 aim = 14.7 psi = 760 mm Hg = 29.92 in Hg = 33.90 ft HjO = 760 torr = 101.3 kilopascal V = Volume T = Temperature (expressed in absolute on the Kelvin scale for Celsius and Rankin scale for Fahrenheit) _ (top - 32) 1.8 to}^ = tof- + 273 tog = tpp + 460 ?! = 101.3 kilopascals (kpa) Ti = 298^K P2= 106.4 kpa T2 = ? Celsius Pi XVi ^ P2 XV2 Ti T2 Ti T2 101.3 ^ 106.4 ^ ^ (106.4 X298) ^ 298 Tz ' 101.3 313°K-273 = 40°C 38 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook 13. Answer; C. Distance = Speed x Time. 70 mph X1.47^^ mph x0.75 sec =77.12 ft 14. Answer: C. The workers weight is a function of gravity. The worker's weight is 175 pounds in the gravity of earth; so, at rest (stationary) the worker is experiencing 1 "G" force. 950 - 175 = 775 pounds additional force; 175 lb = 1 G. Therefore, 775/175 = 4.4 G. Remember in the measurement of G forces, positive or negative, always measure from the baseline of +1 G (one gravity). 15. Answer: A. The mass of the cotton bail, m, is given as 227 kgm. The initial velocity, Vq, is given as 10.0 m/s. The final velocity, v, is given as 20.0 m/s. The time elapsed, t, is given as 5 s. Step 1: Solve for acceleration. a=^ t 20 m/s - 10 m/s a = = 2m/s^ 5 s Step 2: Solve for force. F = ma F = (227 kgm)(2 m/s^) = 454 N 1-N Force = 1.0 kilogram of mass (kgm) x 1.0 m/s^ constant acceleration 16. Answer: C. The atomic weight of oxygen is 16, which means that one mole of oxygen weighs 16 grams. So, 10 grams divided by 16 = 0.63 moles of oxygen. 17. Answer: A. Only the first equation is balanced and represents the mixture of two substances, which explode on contact. The hypergolic reaction shown is that of hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide. 18. Answer: A. Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid to a surface.This process creates a film of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent. This process differs from absorption, in which a fluid (the absorbate) is dissolved by or permeates a liquid or solid (the absorbent), respectively Adsorption is a surface-based process while absorption involves the whole volume of the material. The term "sorption" encompasses both processes, while desorption is the reverse of it. Adsorption is a surfacephenomenon. 19. Answer: C. Organic chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline involving the scientificstudy of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials (i.e., matter in its various forms that contain cathon atoms). Examples of organic compounds include table sugar, methane (hydrocarbons), DNA, proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes. Organic molecules and compounds are generally associated with living organisms. Inorganic chemistry deals with the synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometaUic compounds. Some examples of inorganic compounds are table salt, diamonds, ammonium chromate, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen fluoride and silver oxide. Inorganic compounds almost always lack carbon. 20. Answer: B. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. It measures the acidityor basicity of a solution. A pH of 7 means it is a neutral solution. Pure water has a pH of 7. A pH of less than 7 means the solution is acidic. A pH of more than 7 means the solution is basic. The less pH, the more acidic the solution is. The more pH, the more basic the solution is. pH stands for the power of H, or the amount of ions, acids or bases take or contribute in solution. pH equals the negative log of the concentration of (Figure 6). pH = -log[H^l When the concentration of ions in a solution is 10'^"^, the pH is 14. In pure water, the average concentration of ions is 10"^.  Domain 1: Advanced Sciences and Math 39 pH scale Alkali caustic Acid Neutral Base - ' ' ' ' I I I I I I L ' ' I 0 1 8 10 11 12 13 14 Strong acids Strong bases increasing ions increasing OH" ions /\cias a n a o a s e s are coin corrosi\ * When dissolved in water (the universal solvent) the ions dissociate. The more dissociation the stronger the corrosive. Qeneraiiy corrosives are defined as having a 14 inch corrosion rate per year on steel. Corrosive hazardcHis wastes are defined by % corrosion rate on steel and a pH of < 2 or >12,5 Figure 6 plH Scale Snydei DJ li>e Ha^sakms Hateials Ha/agBiieil Desk HsleieKS. 3rd ed. Belliestb. MO: Albaice ofHazarijous Materials Professionals. Z01(. Domain 1 Quiz 2 Questions 1. A small overhead crane is reeved with a block and 10-part line and is being used to lift a load of 20 tons. Discounting the block friction, what is the force required to lift the load? A. 20 tons B. 20,000 pounds C. 2 tons D. 2000 pounds 2. There is a 2000-gallon tank filled with brine water (s.g. 1.8). What will be the weight of a full tank? A. 16,800 pounds B. 26,900 pounds C. 30,000 pounds D. 40,000 pounds 3. Management has proposed to install a new manufacturing unit on the second floor of one of the buildings. The unit is 12 feet by 12 feet square and weighs 18,000 pounds total. When you are doing your initial evaluation of the proposal, you find engineering drawings that state, "The maximum floor loading for the proposed location is 150 PSE" Can the unit be installed safely? A. No, the loading is over maximum by 10 PSE B. No, the loading is over maximum by 25 PSE C. Yes, the loading is under maximum by 10 PSE D. Yes, the loading is under maximum by 25 PSE 4. If a light source has an illumination reading of 600 foot-candles at 1 foot, what is the illumination at 10 feet? A. 2 foot-candles B. 4 foot-candles C. 6 foot-candles 1 _ 1M D. 9 foot-candles 40 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook 5. A radioisotope has a half-life of 1 year. How many years will it take to decrease initial activity to less than 10%? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 6. What radiation reading would result from an unshielded 5 millicurie source of cesium-137 at a distance of 1 foot, given an MEV of 0.662 and a 0.9 gamma-radiation per second disintegration? A. 4.37R/hr/lft B. 0.047 R/hr/lft C. 0.018 R/hr/lft S - 6 CiEf D. 36.7 mR/hr/lft 7. What radioactivity would remain from 1 Ci (curie) of Co-60 (5.24 years half-life) after a 20-year period? A. 0.0071 A B. 0.071 A = C. 0.71 ln2 — D. 7.1 8. In the following set of numbers, what is the median value? A. 12 B. 8 C. 12.14 8,8,10,12,13,15,19 D. 11 9. Airflow readings were taken for a newly installed laboratory fume hood and found to be acceptable and released to operations. Several months later, a scientist from the research and development division has set up an experiment in the fume hood that has modified the space configuration. To meet the manufacturer's specifications for airflow, each section in the plane must be within +/- 20% of the mean. Given the new airflow readings, what can you interpret from this data? A. The airflow readings are not acceptable in two sections. 64 81 82 108 B. The airflow is acceptable because it was evaluated and released to ^ operations. 69 75 87 102 C. The airflow is acceptable based on the new readings in each ~ ~~ 89 98 section. D. The airflow readings are not acceptable in three sections. 10. The mean plus or minus 1 standard deviation estimates what percentage of the distribution in a normal distribution? A. 95.45% B. 99.73% C. 68% D. 50% 11. If mean accidents are 10 and standard deviation is 3, what is the probability of less than 7 accidents at a location? A. 2.5% B. 5% C. 16% D. 32%  Domain 1: Advanced Sciences and Math 41 12. What is the standard deviation of the following complete set of data points? 1 ! ^ 1 100 ppm 124 ppm 115 ppm 93 ppm 85 ppm 102ppm 109 ppm i 111 ppm 114 ppm 102 ppm 104ppm A. 5.5 B. 10.4 s = C. 12.6 N-1 D. 15.1 13. As the safety director for a large organization, you have implemented a new training initiative. Supervisors in some of your plants will test a new self-study safety educational package. These supervisors reported each week to a training center where they checked out self-study safety material. The time each supervisor spent reviewing the material was tabulated by training department personnel, and when the supervisors felt they were ready, they were administered a final written examination. You are also planning to give these same supervisors an additional test after six months to determine retention. Using this data, compute the Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation between the two sets of data to indicate a relationship between hours of study and test score. Supervisor Hours Scores Supervisor Hours Scores A 24 75 G 16 71 B 23 83 H 15 68 C 19.5 98 i 14.5 59 D 18 80 J 14 62 E 17 74 K 13.5 70 F 16.5 69 L 10 A. 0.31 nX(xy) (Ix)(Xy) B. 0.86 r = C D. 0.67 0.72 V N (ix^Kixrj [n(iy^)(iy)' 1 14. Which of the following coefficient of correlation best describes the relationships shown in this cn chart? 1 A. +0.90 35 - B. -0.90 30 - C. +0.05 25 - D. -0.05 20 - 15 - 10 - 5 - 42 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook 13. Assuming the data follows a normal distribution with a mean of 1800 and a standard deviation of 250, what is the probability of the component performing without failure if operated until 2400 hours? z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2.3 0.4893 0.4896 0.4898 0.4901 0.4904 0.4906 0.4909 0.4911 ; 0.4913 0.4916 2A 0.4918 0.4920 0.4922 0.4925 0.4927 0.4929 0.4931 0.4932 0.4934 0.4936 A. 8.02% B. 0.82% X-\i R, =1-Pf z = C. 1.04% D. 1.82% 16. The CEO of the company has asked you to calculate statistics on the accidents at one of your plants. The safety manager at the plant indicates that the total average number of accidents that occur during a given month is 5. What is the probability that there vdll be exactly four accidents in the upcoming month? A. 0.0067 B. 0.0033 (xt)' C. 0.0842 P(r)= D. 0.1755 17. To select a system from among three potential safety design candidates. a Safety & Health Consultant must recognize that system failure will result in a loss, regardless of choice. An elementary design for each system showing probability of failure is shown below using standard "fault tree" symbols. Which system has the lowest overall failure probability?.System "A" System "B" System "C[ failure failure failure A. System A has lower probability and offers redundancy. B. System B has lower probability but has two A potential single point failures. C. System C is the simplest and has lowest probability. D. The probability is the same for all three systems. 18. A company has an aggressive safety awards program for over-the-road transport drivers. Twenty drivers are semifinalists for three monetary awards each $1,500 in value. How many ways can awards be given? A. 1140 nCr =- ^ B. 6840 (n-r)!r! C. 60 n! D. 6.6 (n-r)! 19. In a recognition program with 20 workers, 3 awards are given; $2,000 for first place, $1,500 for second place, and $1,000 for third place. How many ways could the awards be given? A. 1140 P _ n^r ~~ B. 6840 (n - r)!r! C. 60 _ n! D. 6.6 ~ (n - r)!  Domain V. Advanced Sciences and Math 43 20. You are a CSP and a member of a skydiving club. You have been asked by the club president to assess last year's fatality data for the industry and provide the club members some insight/ recommendations. According to the data, which potential error has the greatest probability of failure and highest priority based on reducing the risk of failure by 50%? Potential Error Probability of Failure Safety Factor Reduces Risk of Failure by 50% Malfunctions 0.95 X 10"^ Well planned and rehearsed emergency procedures Landing Problems 60x 10"' Adequate training and jumper mental state Collisions 0.035 X 10^ Adequate separation during breakoff Reserve Problems 2.5x10"® Adequate safeguards and use of protocols A. Malfunctions B. Landing Problems C. Collisions D. Reserve Problems 21. Which of the following is true concerning the 93% confidence level when conducting hypothesis testing? A. There is a 95% chance of being correct. B. There is a 95% chance of being incorrect. C. One will be wrong 1 time out of every 20 decisions. D. One will be right 19 times out of every 20 decisions. 22. A safety survey is designed, and the company CEO wants to change confidence intervals from 90 to 95%. What is best way to achieve this? A. Increase sample size. B. Decrease number of survey questions making it more concise. C. Increase number of survey questions. D. Decrease sample size. 23. Which best describes the intent of a "competent person"? A. The person capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in surroundings or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. B. The person required to be on-site at confined space entry, hoisting and rigging, and excavation and trenching operations. C. Asupervisor with the ability to identify existing and future job site hazards and who reports directly to the person who has responsible charge of the operation. D. The person whois required to shut down the operation anytime the risk analysis indicates that worker exposure to a hazard is reasonably acceptable, 24. Define the term for knowing the value of one variable allowing exact prediction of the value of another variable or when two sets of data are tested and there is no statistical difference between the data sets. A. Lack of variance B. Statistical significance C. Coefficient interval D. Perfect correlation 44 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook 25. A recent perception survey shows a significant difference in scores from labor and management on the topic of discipline. All other survey responses indicated perception alignment between management and labor. What actions should be taken based on this data? A. Change the company disciplinary policyto be fair and impartial. B. Conduct training on the company's discipline policy C. Management should further investigate the cause of the discrepancy in the data. D. Noaction is required; labor receives the discipline and perceives it differently than managers. Domain 1 Quiz 2 Answers 1. Answer; C. The 10-part line on the crane referred to in this question provides a mechanical advantage of 10 to 1. 20 tons/10 = 2 tons. Note: 2000 pounds = 1 ton. The term reeved refers to the method of routing the wire ropes through the blocks used to develop the mechanical advantage. 2. Answer: C. Brine is a solution of water and salt. It can be salt water, picklingwater, sea water, etc. All forms of brine are heavier than water. Step 1: Use conversion for calculating weight of tankcontaining water. 2000 gal x 8.34lbs/gal = 16,680 lbs Step 2: Convert from water to brine using specific gravity. 16,680 lbs x 1.8 = 30,024lbs 3. Answer: D. Total ft^ of Unit = 12 ft X 12 ft = 144 ft^ PSF for Unit = = 125 PSF 144 ft^ Therefore, the PSF of the unit is 25 PSF under the maximum of 150 PSF 4. Answer: C. Sound, radiation, and light are energy sources that follow the inverse square law, which states: "The propagation of energy through space is inversely proportional to the square of the distance it must travel." Consequently, 2 Where: 12 - li x ^^^^2 t _ , vx 11 = 600 qx2 d.=ift = da = 10 ft 1 h = 600 X 12 = ? 100 I2 = 6 ftc 5. Answer: B. The activity after 3 years will be 12.5% of theinitial activity After 4 years, activity will be 6.25% of initial activity 6. Answer; C. The formula depicted on the exam maybe of S = 6CE, which is a "shortcut" formula for cobalt-60, since the "f value for cobalt-60 is one. For cesium-137: Ci = 5 millicurie = 0.005 whole curies (the formula requires whole curie units) E = 0.662 MEV f = 0.9 gamma radiation disintegration 7. Answer: B. A= radioactivity remaining after time t A = —5^ Aq = radioactivity at a given original time t- t=elapsed time ^ Ti;2 =half-life of the radio-nuclide (o.ew [loyr]) £2.645 0071 Ci In 2 = 0.693 (natural log) e  Domain 1: Advanced Sciences and Math 45 8. Answer; A. The median value of a series of numbers is the middle value. 12 is the middle or median value for this set Mode of numbers. The mode is 8, which was selection "B." The Median average value, or the "mean," for the set is 12.14, which was answer "C," and the range is 11 (19 - 8), which was Mean answer "D."The mean is derived by adding up the data points, which is 85 and dividing by the number of data points (7), which equals 12.1429 (Figure 7). 9. Answer; A. The mean, average of all 12 data points, Mode Most often occurrence is 85.42 cfm. If the mean is 85.42 cfm and acceptable Median Middle value Mean Average conditions are +/- 20% of the mean, the acceptable range for each quadrant is 68.3-102.5 cfm. (85.42 x 0.20 = Figure? Measurements of Central Tendency 17.08) Two sections fall outside of the acceptable range of 68.3-102.5 cfm. 10. Answer; C. The mean +/- 1 standard deviation will estimate the point at which 68% of the observations will fall (Figure 8). -3 -2 +1 +2 +3 - ±1 = 68% — ±2 = 95.45% >> ±3 = 99.73% ^ Figures Standard Deviation Definitions 11. Answer; C. There is a 16% chance of being less than 7 or more than 13 (Figure 9). Figure 9 Probability of Less than 7 Accidents at a Location 46 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook 12. Answer: B. There are simply too many failure points in the long-hand method. On the T1 30X IIS; X X (X-X)2 a = l(x^) WHERE (x = X - X) 100 105.4 5.4 29.2 124 105.4 18.6 345.96 115 105.4 9.6 92.16 a = i(x-xr 93 105.4 -12.4 153.76 1181 85 105.4 -20.4 416.16 a = 11 102 105.4 -3.4 11.56 a = 10.36 109 105.4 3.6 12.96 111 105.4 5.6 31.36 1U 105.4 8.6 73.96 102 105.4 -3.4 11.56 104 105.4 -1.4 1.96 [X = 1159 Z(X-XF= 1181 Set to STAT Mode using the second function of DATA key. SCI/ENG INS IX 2nd X F< (Iprb STAT A°/c* ¥ EX T STAT STATVAR CLEAR DATA saii£o Modified ftorrII30);IIS Select 1-VAR and enter. hpthsmm Texas Inslruments T1-30X1IS l-VAB 2-VAR STAT DEG ReprcducM liom letasInstfumenis inccipaialed Press DATA key. ^DATA J Enter X^ = 100 down arrow FRQ = 1 down arrow; X2 = 124 down arrow FRQ= 1 down arrow; X3 = 115 down arrow FRQ= 1 down arrow; X4= 93 down arrow FRQ= 1 down arrow; X^- 85 down arrow FRQ= 1 down arrow, continue until all 11 numbers are entered. Tevs NswwEvrs a:i= STAT DEO Reproduced fiom Toss InstiumHits Incorpoiated.  Domain 1: Advanced Sciences and Math 47 Press STATVAR. CN CO II >< Select ax = 10.36. Texas Insthuments Sx - 10.36 STAT DEG Inilrumcn'.; 13. Answer: D. Step 1: Build a table. Supervisor X Y Y2 XY A 24 75 576.00 5625,00 1800.00 B 23 83 529.00 6889.00 1909.00 C 19.5 98 380.25 9604.00 1911.00 D 18 80 324.00 6400.00 1440.00 E 17 7A 289.00 5476.00 1258.00 F 16.5 69 272.25 4761.00 1138.50 G 16 71 256.00 5041.00 1136.00 H 15 68 225.00 4624.00 1020.00 1 U.5 59 210.25 3481.00 855.50 J U 62 196.00 3844.00 868.00 K 13.5 70 182.25 4900.00 945.00 L 10 54 100.00 2916.00 540,00 N = 12 IX = 201 IY= 863 IX^ = 3540 IY^ = 63,561 Step 2: Apply the formula. NI(XY)- (IX)(IY) 12 (14,821) "(201X863) r = Vl2 (3540) - (201)' (63,561)-(863)' 177,852 - 173,463 r = V42,480 - 40,401 V762J32^^744^ r = 4389 _4389 _^^^ V2079 ^17,963 6111 On the TI 30X IIS: Similar to the steps for solving question 4. Set to STAT Mode then select 2-VAR and enter: Press DATA Xj= 24 down arrow Yj = 75 down arrow X2 = 23 down arrow Y2 = 83 down arrow X3 = 19.5 down arrow Y3 = 98 down arrow X4= 18 down arrow Y4= 80 down arrow X5= 17 down arrow - 74 down arrow, continue until done, then press STATVAT and select r = 0.72. 48 Certified Safety Professional Exam Study Workbook 14. Answer: B. The statistical term for the amount of i -I Perfect positive correlation 1 -.9 association between two variables is correlation..8 The coefficient of correlation is an expression of the.7 correlation as a number between 0 and 1. Thus a.6.5 perfect coefficient of correlation is 1; on the other.4 hand, 0 represents no correlation. In the scatter.3.2 diagram shown in this question, it is obvious that.1 This area is not there is a strong correlation between the "Y" and "X" 0 Spurious — reliable and is not -.1 used in safety workl data; however, the correlation is not perfect, and -.2 there are many dots that seem to have no correlation. -.3 H -.4 It is also evident by inspection, that the correlation -.5 is inverse or negative; that is, with every increase in -.6 -.7 "Y" value, there is a decrease in "X" value. The two -.8 sets of data are inverselyrelated. The only selection -.9 -1 Perfect negative correlation that offers a strong negative correlation is "B." If the data had a strong positive correlation, it could Figure 10 Correlation be represented by the chart shown here, in which case selection "A"would be the best choice. Answer "C" and "D" show almost no cor