Physics Formulas
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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate load supported by a sling at a 45° angle?

  • 100% of the load
  • 70% of the load (correct)
  • 50% of the load
  • 30% of the load

    • What is the formula used to calculate the stress on a sling?

  • Load / (number of slings + sin A)
  • Load / (number of slings x sin A)
  • Load x number of slings / sin A (correct)
  • Load x number of slings x sin A

    • What is the load supported by a sling at a 15° angle compared to a sling at a 30° angle?

  • The 15° angle sling supports half the load of the 30° angle sling.
  • The 15° angle sling supports twice the load of the 30° angle sling. (correct)
  • The 15° angle sling supports 1.5 times the load of the 30° angle sling.
  • The 15° angle sling supports the same load as the 30° angle sling.

    • What is the formula used to calculate the volume of a tank?

    <p>πr²h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following trigonometric functions is used to calculate the angle of a ramp?

    <p>tan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula used to estimate the level of physical stress when lifting a load?

    <p>LI = Load Weight / Recommended Weight Limit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'RWL' stand for in the formula?

    <p>Recommended Weight Limit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what should be a key feature of a calculator used for rigging and load calculations?

    <p>A statistical function for calculating mean, standard deviation, and correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a requirement for a calculator used in the ASP and CSP exams?

    <p>Ability to solve quadratic equations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of calculating the Lifting Index (LI)?

    <p>To estimate the level of physical stress involved in lifting a load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) in calculating the Lifting Index?

    <p>It serves as a benchmark to compare the load weight and assess the level of physical stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the RWL (Recommended Weight Limit) in kg for a task with the following parameters:

    • Load Constant (LC) = 23
    • Horizontal Multiplier (HM) = 1
    • Vertical Multiplier (VM) = 1
    • Distance Multiplier (DM) = 1
    • Angular Multiplier (AM) = 1
    • Frequency Multiplier (FM) = 0.94
    • Coupling Multiplier (CM) = 1.00

    <p>21.58 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a lifting task with a duration of 2 hours, what is the frequency multiplier (FM) for a lift frequency of 3 lifts per minute?

    <p>0.55</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lifting task requires an individual to lift a load with a distance (D) of 25 inches. The maximum vertical distance (V) for the task is 50 inches, and the weight (W) of the load is 30 inches. What is the appropriate Distance Multiplier (DM) to be used for this task?

    <p>1.00</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum permissible angular displacement (A) for a lifting task, according to the provided information?

    <p>135°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Coupling Multiplier (CM) for a lifting task where the coupling between the individual and the load is considered 'Poor'?

    <p>0.90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the provided information, what is the minimum permissible frequency of lifts for a lifting task?

    <p>0.2 lifts/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT included in the calculation of the Recommended Weight Limit (RWL)?

    <p>Lifting Index (LI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum duration of a lifting task that can be performed according to the provided information?

    <p>8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a lifting task where the frequency of lifts is greater than 15 lifts/min, what is the appropriate frequency multiplier (FM) to use for a task duration of 2 hours?

    <p>0.00</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A lifting task involves lifting a load with a distance (D) of 65 inches. The maximum vertical distance (V) for the task is 50 inches. What is the appropriate Distance Multiplier (DM) for this task?

    <p>1.00</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of estimating the level of physical stress when lifting a load?

    <p>To prevent injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of function is essential for a calculator used in rigging and load calculations?

    <p>Statistical function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many calculators are allowed in the secure examination facility for BCSP examinations?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to calculate the Lifting Index (LI)?

    <p>Load weight and recommended weight limit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when selecting a calculator for rigging and load calculations?

    <p>Functionality and features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the recommended weight limit (RWL) in calculating the Lifting Index?

    <p>It serves as a divisor to calculate the Lifting Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the angle of the ramp and the load supported by a sling at that angle?

    <p>At a 60° angle, a sling supports 70% of the load.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula is used to calculate the stress on the sling when lifting a load?

    <p>Load / sin A = stress on the sling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What value is represented by 'k' in the context of radioactivity?

    <p>Disintegration constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At a 90° angle, how much of the load is supported by a sling?

    <p>50% of the load.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the area of a rectangle?

    <p>length x width.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which angle equals 70% of the load supported by the sling?

    <p>45° angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'E' represent in the context of radioactivity?

    <p>Energy in megaelectron volts (MEV).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct formula for the volume of a cube?

    <p>length^3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum vertical distance (V) allowed for a task if the distance (D) is less than W?

    <p>W inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum allowable frequency of lifts per minute during a lifting task?

    <p>15 lifts per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum angular displacement (A) allowed during a lifting task?

    <p>0°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Coupling Multiplier of 0.90 signify about the lifting conditions?

    <p>Poor coupling conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a lifting task with a frequency of 4 lifts per minute, what is the frequency multiplier (FM) for a duration of up to 8 hours?

    <p>0.84</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the weight (W) of a load exceeds the distance (D) and the vertical distance (V) is 30 inches, what determines the value of D?

    <p>D must be equal to W.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following values represents a Coupling Multiplier for 'Fair' coupling?

    <p>0.95</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of work duration for a lifting task to be performed at a frequency of 0.5 lifts per minute?

    <p>Up to 8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a lifting task requiring an angular displacement (A) of 110°, which of the following conditions would be violated?

    <p>Maximum allowable angular displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of Hertz that affects the cochlea and the organ of Corti?

    <p>2000-4000 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical part of the ear is affected by hearing loss in the 3000-6000 hertz range?

    <p>Inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, which of the following is NOT a major hertz range associated with occupational hearing loss?

    <p>500-1000 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary anatomical structure affected by hearing loss in the 2000-4000 Hz range?

    <p>Organ of Corti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the cochlea and the organ of Corti in relation to hearing loss?

    <p>The organ of Corti is a part of the cochlea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a common symptom of hearing loss caused by occupational noise exposure?

    <p>Loss of balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of high noise levels in the workplace?

    <p>Increased productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following industries are most likely to have high noise levels that could contribute to occupational hearing loss?

    <p>Construction and manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the total sound pressure level generated by N sources?

    <p>Lpt = Lpi + 10 logN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the rule that states that the noise level decreases by 3 dB when the distance from the source is doubled?

    <p>3-dB rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the noise level?

    <p>dB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the noise dose?

    <p>Noise Dose = C × T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the Time Weighted Average (TWA)?

    <p>To determine the allowable exposure time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the distance from a noise source and the noise level?

    <p>The noise level decreases as the distance from the source increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for the exposure time?

    <p>Hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the total sound pressure level generated by N sources?

    <p>To assess the overall noise hazard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of monitoring noise exposure levels in the workplace?

    <p>To accurately identify employees exposed to noise at or above 85 decibels (dB) averaged over 8 working hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the NIOSH REL for noise, using the A-weighting frequency response?

    <p>85 decibels (dB) over an 8-hour average</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) for noise in the workplace?

    <p>90 dBA for all workers for an 8-hour day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of exceeding the maximum allowable daily noise dose?

    <p>It increases the risk of permanent hearing damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant or 'standard' threshold shift, according to OSHA?

    <p>An average shift of 10 dB or greater at 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz in either ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the hearing conservation program?

    <p>To identify employees at risk of hearing damage and prevent further damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum duration of a noise exposure that is considered hazardous?

    <p>8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of exposing employees to noise above 140 dB?

    <p>It is not permitted under any circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Radiation and Radioactivity

    • S = Roentgens/hour/foot indicates radiation exposure rate.
    • Ci represents Curie strength, reflecting radioactivity in whole curies.
    • E denotes energy measured in megaelectron volts (MeV).
    • A = remaining radioactivity after time t; Aq = original radioactivity level.
    • t = elapsed time; Ti/2 = half-life of radionuclide.
    • ln2 = natural logarithm of 2, approximately 0.693.

    Structural and Mechanical Calculations

    • Area formulas:
      • Circumference of a circle = 2πr or πd.
      • Area of a circle = πr²; Area of a rectangle = length × width.
      • Area of a triangle = ½ × base × height.
    • Volume calculations:
      • Volume of a cylinder = πr²h; Volume of a cube = length × width × height.

    Trigonometry Functions

    • Basic trigonometric ratios:
      • sin A = opposite/c; cos A = adjacent/c; tan A = opposite/adjacent.
    • Ramp angle calculation: angle = tan⁻¹(run/rise).
    • Sling angle load conversion:
      • 15° = double load; 30° = actual load; 45° = 70% load; 60° = 58% load; 90° = 50% load.
    • Stress on sling = Load × number of slings / sin A.

    Engineering Control Calculations

    • Volumetric Flow Rate (Q) in ducts determined by Q = AV.
    • Physical stress from lifting estimated using Lifting Index (LI):
      • LI = Load Weight (L) / Recommended Weight Limit (RWL).
    • Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) calculated with various multipliers based on load conditions.

    Calculator Specifications for Exams

    • Acceptable calculators must have statistical functions for mean and standard deviation.
    • Physical requirements: Between 10 inches and (70 - V) inches for model size.
    • Functions needed:
      • Frequency adjustment based on number of lifts/min and work duration.

    Coupling and Frequency Multipliers

    • Coupling multiplier values based on quality: Good (1.00), Fair (0.95), Poor (0.90).
    • Frequency multipliers adjust lift values based on duration of work (e.g., 1 hour to 8 hours).

    Lifting Index (LI)

    • LI is a relative estimate of physical stress due to manual lifting tasks, essential for ergonomic assessments.

    Radiation and Radioactivity

    • S = Roentgens/hour/foot indicates radiation exposure rate.
    • Ci represents Curie strength, reflecting radioactivity in whole curies.
    • E denotes energy measured in megaelectron volts (MeV).
    • A = remaining radioactivity after time t; Aq = original radioactivity level.
    • t = elapsed time; Ti/2 = half-life of radionuclide.
    • ln2 = natural logarithm of 2, approximately 0.693.

    Structural and Mechanical Calculations

    • Area formulas:
      • Circumference of a circle = 2πr or πd.
      • Area of a circle = πr²; Area of a rectangle = length × width.
      • Area of a triangle = ½ × base × height.
    • Volume calculations:
      • Volume of a cylinder = πr²h; Volume of a cube = length × width × height.

    Trigonometry Functions

    • Basic trigonometric ratios:
      • sin A = opposite/c; cos A = adjacent/c; tan A = opposite/adjacent.
    • Ramp angle calculation: angle = tan⁻¹(run/rise).
    • Sling angle load conversion:
      • 15° = double load; 30° = actual load; 45° = 70% load; 60° = 58% load; 90° = 50% load.
    • Stress on sling = Load × number of slings / sin A.

    Engineering Control Calculations

    • Volumetric Flow Rate (Q) in ducts determined by Q = AV.
    • Physical stress from lifting estimated using Lifting Index (LI):
      • LI = Load Weight (L) / Recommended Weight Limit (RWL).
    • Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) calculated with various multipliers based on load conditions.

    Calculator Specifications for Exams

    • Acceptable calculators must have statistical functions for mean and standard deviation.
    • Physical requirements: Between 10 inches and (70 - V) inches for model size.
    • Functions needed:
      • Frequency adjustment based on number of lifts/min and work duration.

    Coupling and Frequency Multipliers

    • Coupling multiplier values based on quality: Good (1.00), Fair (0.95), Poor (0.90).
    • Frequency multipliers adjust lift values based on duration of work (e.g., 1 hour to 8 hours).

    Lifting Index (LI)

    • LI is a relative estimate of physical stress due to manual lifting tasks, essential for ergonomic assessments.

    Ear Anatomy

    • Middle ear components include the hammer, anvil, and eustachian tube.
    • Inner ear includes semicircular canals, cochlea, organ of Corti, and cochlear nerve.

    Hearing Conservation Program

    • Employers must monitor noise levels accurately at or above 85 decibels (dB) averaged over 8 hours.
    • Monitoring is required for employees exposed to noise equivalent to or above 85 dB over eight hours.

    Threshold Shifts and Noise Exposure

    • Significant threshold shifts are concerning if:
      • Large at one frequency.
      • Moderate at two or more adjacent frequencies.
      • Small successive shifts occur consistently over years.
    • OSHA defines a "standard" threshold shift as an average shift of 10 dB or greater at 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz in either ear.

    Noise Exposure Guidelines

    • NIOSH establishes Recommended Exposure Limits (REL) for noise at 85 dBA over 8 hours, considered hazardous.
    • OSHA's permissible exposure limit (PEL) is set at 90 dBA for all workers over an 8-hour workday.
    • Occupational standards express the maximum allowable daily noise dose in percentages; 85 dBA (NIOSH) or 90 dBA (OSHA) constitutes 100% of daily noise dose.
    • Noise above 140 dB is not permitted.
    • Noise Dose can be calculated as ( C = \frac{T}{T_{allowed}} ) where C is calculated exposure time and ( T_{allowed} ) is authorized exposure time.
    • Time-Weighted Average (TWA) can be calculated using the formula:
      [ TWA = 16.61 \log_{10} \left( \frac{L - 90}{5} \right) + 90 ]

    Sound Pressure Level Calculation

    • Total sound pressure level ( L_{pt} ) generated by N sources can be calculated:
      [ L_{pt} = L_{pi} + 10 \log_{10} N ] where ( L_{pi} ) is the individual sound level of each source.

    Force Calculations

    • Force required to slide an object is ( F = f \cdot L \cdot N ) where:
      • ( f ) = coefficient of friction
      • ( N ) = normal weight
    • Force to tip an object is calculated with distances involved:
      [ F_{d} = F \cdot d ]

    Hearing Loss Characteristics

    • Occupational hearing loss predominantly affects the cochlea and semicircular canals.
    • The audiological frequency ranges of concern are primarily between 2000-6000 Hz.

    Additional Keys

    • The 3-dB and 6-dB rules involve calculations of sound levels based on distance from a noise source.
    • Calculating sine and arcsine functions, essential for various applications within physics and acoustics.

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