CSC 111 Lecture 6 - Introduction to Computer Science PDF

www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng Introduction to Computer Science CSC 111 Lecture Ade Omosebi (Mr) Yinka Omirinlewo (Mrs)  Lecture Overview 1. Computer Software 2. Operating Systems 3. Application Packages 4. Exercises 5. Assign...

www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng Introduction to Computer Science CSC 111 Lecture Ade Omosebi (Mr) Yinka Omirinlewo (Mrs)  Lecture Overview 1. Computer Software 2. Operating Systems 3. Application Packages 4. Exercises 5. Assignment CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Computer Software ▪ Software, simply are the computer programs. The instructions given to the computer in the form of a program is called Software. Software is the set of programs, which are used for different purposes. All the programs used in computer to perform specific task is called Software CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Types of Software The major software types are: 1. System software 2. Application software System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs. Application software, also called application program, software designed to handle specific tasks for users. Such software directs the computer to execute commands given by the user and may be said to include any program that processes data for a user. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  System Software a) Operating System Software DOS, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Unix/Linux, MAC/OS X etc. b) Utility Software Windows Explorer (File/Folder Management), Compression Tool, Anti-Virus Utilities, Disk Defragmentation, Disk Clean, BackUp, WinZip, WinRAR etc… c) Language Processors Compiler, Interpreter and Assembler CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Application Software a) Package Software Ms. Office 2003, Ms. Office 2007, Macromedia (Dreamweaver, Flash, Freehand), Adobe (PageMaker, PhotoShop) b) Tailored or Custom Software School Management system, Inventory Management System, Payroll system, financial system etc. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Operating System Operating system is a platform between hardware and user which is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of a computer. It hosts the several applications that run on a computer and handles the operations of computer hardware. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Operating System Functions of operating System: Processor Management Memory Management File Management Device Management Assignment CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Types of Operating System Real-time Operating System Single User Systems Multi User Systems Multi-tasking and Single-tasking Operating Systems Distributed Operating System CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Types of Operating System Real-time Operating System: It is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing real- time applications. Example of Use: e.g. control of nuclear power plants, oil refining, chemical processing and traffic control systems. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Types of Operating System Single User Systems: Provides a platform for only one user at a time. They are popularly associated with Desk Top operating system which run on standalone systems where no user accounts are required. Example: DOS. Multi User Systems: Provides regulated access for a number of users by maintaining a database of known users. Refers to computer systems that support two or more simultaneous users. Another term for multi-user is time sharing. Ex: All mainframes are multi-user systems. Example: Unix CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Types of Operating System Multi-tasking and Single-tasking Operating Systems: When a single program is allowed to run at a time, the system is grouped under the single- tasking system category, while in case the operating system allows for execution of multiple tasks at a time, it is classified as a multi-tasking operating system. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Types of Operating System Distributed Operating System: An operating system that manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. Distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine. When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a distributed system. Advantages of Distributed Operating System It delivers better performance than a single system. It is easily scalable. It allows resource sharing CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Types of Operating System Disadvantages of Distributed Operating System Sharing may cause security issues. Message loss occurs in the network. Resource overloading is an issue. Examples of Distributed Operating Systems Ubuntu Windows Server 2012 Linux (Apache Server) CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Commonly used Operating System UNIX: a popular multi-user, multitasking operating system developed at Bell Labs in the early 1970s. UNIX was one of the first operating systems to be written in a high-level programming language, namely C. This meant that it could be installed on virtually any computer for which a C compiler existed. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Commonly used Operating System LINUX: A freely-distributable open source operating system that runs on a number of hardware platforms. The Linux kernel was developed mainly by Linus Torvalds and it is based on Unix. Because it's free, and because it runs on many platforms, including PCs and Macintoshes, Linux has become an extremely popular alternative to proprietary operating systems. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Commonly used Operating System Windows: Microsoft Windows is a series of graphical interface operating system developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal computer market with over 90% market share, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984. The most recent client version of Windows is Windows 10 CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Commonly used Operating System SOLARIS: Solaris is a Unix operating system originally developed by Sun Microsystems. It superseded their earlier SunOS in 1993. Oracle Solaris, as it is now known, has been owned by Oracle Corporation since Oracle's acquisition of Sun in January 2010. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Commonly used Operating System BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions) GNU/Linux distribution developed by C-DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing) derived from Debian for enhancing the use of Open Source Software. This release aims more at the security part and comes with an easy to use application to harden your Desktop. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Commonly used Operating System Assignment: 1. What is the most recent version of Android? 1b. Write a short note on (a) above. 2. Which is the most recent mobile version of Windows Phone? CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Commonly used Operating System Mobile OS: A mobile operating system, also called a mobile OS, is an operating system that is specifically designed to run on mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, PDAs, tablet computers and other handheld devices. The mobile operating system is the software platform on top of which other programs, called application programs, can run on mobile devices. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Commonly used Operating System Android: Android is a Linux-based mobile phone operating system developed by Google. Android is unique because Google is actively developing the platform but giving it away for free to hardware manufacturers and phone carriers who want to use Android on their devices. Read more about Android CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Commonly used Operating System Symbian: Symbian is a mobile operating system (OS) targeted at mobile phones that offers a high-level of integration with communication and personal information management (PIM) functionality. combines middleware with wireless communications through an integrated mailbox and the integration of Java and PIM functionality. open for third-party development by independent software vendors, enterprise IT departments, network operators and Symbian OS licensees. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Utility Software Utility software refers to set of programs that help to manage, maintain and control computer resources. Operating systems typically contain the necessary tools for this, but separate utility programs can provide improved functionality. It also perform maintenance type’s tasks. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Utility Software Utility programs can be broadly categorized into four categories namely:- * System Utilities * File Management Utilities * Storage Device Management Utilities * Miscellaneous Utilities Read more about each. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Language Processor The hierarchies of the languages are as follows: 1. Machine Language 2. Low-level Language 3. High-level Language The machine language consists of series of binary numbers (digit consisting of zero (0) one (1) ) which is the languages the computer understands. A low-level language is a machine-oriented language consisting of symbolic codes in which instructions correspond or resemble machine languages and it depends on the machine e.g. Assembly Language CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Language Processor A high level language is a problem-oriented language which is a restricted form of the natural languages. Such languages include BASIC (Beginners All Purpose SymbolicInstruction Code), FORTRAN (Formula Translator). COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language), ALGOL (Algorithmic Language), PL/1 (Programming Language 1), RPG (Report Program Generator), PASCAL, C etc. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Language Processor Since a computer hardware is capable of understanding only machine level instructions, So it is necessary to convert the HLL into Machine Level Language. There are three Language processors: Compiler: It is translator which coverts the HLL language into machine language in one go. A Source program in High Level Language get converted into Object Program in Machine Level Language. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Language Processor Interpreter: It is a translator which converts the HLL language into machine language line by line. It takes one statement of HLL and converts it into machine code which is immediately executed. It eliminate the need of separate compilation/run. However, It is slow in processing as compare to compiler. Assembler: It translate the assembly language into machine code. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Application Packages Application software is the software that actually addresses user’s specific needs. In the business world of today, you will find four major application categories. These are: Word-processing Spreadsheets Presentations Databases Custom/User software is also included in the application software. A user software is a program developed by the user personally or by commissioned agents. Such programs are directed towards solving the user’s specific. The scope of such programs varies from one user to the other. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng  Assignment 1. What is the most recent server version of Windows and write a short note on it. 2. Which is the most recent mobile version of Windows Phone 3. Discuss briefly each of the above listed functions of operating system. 4. State 2 basic differences between open source software and proprietary software. CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng Thank You CSC 111 - Introduction to Computer Science: Omosebi P.A. www.trinityuniversity.edu.ng