Multimedia Lectures (May 2023) PDF

# EVAGROUP Limited Multimedia Lectures ## May 30th, 2023 - Sunday **Lect:** Multimedia - **Application domain:** Software programs, tools - **System domain:** Operating system/firmware - **Devicedomain:** Hardware - **Unfamiliar Img extensions:** - Exif, Pam, PGM, PBM, DNM, RGBE, - BD6, C...

# EVAGROUP Limited Multimedia Lectures ## May 30th, 2023 - Sunday **Lect:** Multimedia - **Application domain:** Software programs, tools - **System domain:** Operating system/firmware - **Devicedomain:** Hardware - **Unfamiliar Img extensions:** - Exif, Pam, PGM, PBM, DNM, RGBE, - BD6, CGM, Gerber - **Unfamiliar audio extensions:** - **Uncompressed:** AIFF, AU - **Lossless comp:** FLAC, ape, wv, ΠΑ, MYA, MPEG-4 SLS/ALS/DST, ANMASHN - **Lossy Comp:** OPUS, MP3, Vorbis, AFRAC ## May 1st, 2023 - Monday **Un Familiar Video extensions:** - agv, dre, qt, yuv, orm, mpes, mer **Hard RTOS** - All task times must be estimated. Scheduling is ore-det or done by resource reservation like Robots. **Soft RTOS** - RT processes given priority. - Processes must be responsive, like online gaming. **Multimedia fields:** 1. Multimedia processing ancoding. 2. Multimedia system support and networking. 3. Multimedia tools, end-systems, applications 4. Multimodal interaction and integration. ## May 11th, 2023 - Thursday **Leca:** Digitization - **In order to digitize a continuous signal theRare stees** - **Sampling:** Which is taking a few samples overaset time known as Sampling rate. - **Quantization:** Limiting the samples to acertain valve. - **Sound waves:** - **Lowest:** 20 Hz - **Highest:** 22,050 Hz - **Frequency:** Rate of going fromtve, - ve over I sec. - **Amplitude:** Loudness. - **Sampling rate=2 fmax** - Groups of samples. - **Quantization:** Assigning digital values to bands. ## May 12th, 2023 - Friday **Quantization error** - In case of undersampling aliasing occurs where the reconstructed waves are diff from the waves - Also if too few levels areused a large amount of error will show ## May 13th, 2023 - Saturday **Quantization interval:** If we use 8 bits then theno of bands = 28=256-ost quantization intervas vats more bits results in smoother audio. - **16-bits is the standard** - **Datarate of stream = Samoling flear X bits/sample = bytes/sec** ## May 14th, 2023 - Sunday **In order to record using the whole healing fange 44.1kHz are needed (Cd quality)** - **Sample size: how to choose Sample size you take the maximum amplitude over 8** - **Amax/8 ~ to wearst power of 2** - **Image Sampling.** - **Sampling:** digitization of coordinate values. - **Quantization:** digitization of amplitude Values - **Size = MXNXK** - **Number of rows** - **No. of columns** - **bits/pixel** ## May 15th, 2023 - Monday - If no of Sample is high (Dense sameling) image will be in high resolution. - If low (Course sameling) ## May 16th, 2023 - Tuesday **Leez:** - **Period:** interval of time at which periodic Signals rescat. - **Power:** sound intensity. - 10-12 watt/m² - Threshold of feeling, intensity - **L = 10 log10(I/I0)** thresh hold of hearing - **Dynamic range:** range of amplitude. - **Bandwidth:** range of frequency. - **Sampling is aprocess called digitization.** amethod of it is Pulse code modulation. - **Resolution:** no of bits used to represent a sample. - 16-bits are the Standard ## May 17th, 2023 - Wednesday - **Sampling rate:** time of recording - **S = Rx(6/8) X (XD** - **File size in bytes** - **bits/ Sample** - **No of Channels** - **Imp:** CD quality - **jampk.44.1 KHz** - **Stereo** - **If duplex bandwidth 2** - **For recording and digitizing.** - **Analog-to-digital conv (ADC)** - **Digital signal processor (DSP)** - **For playback** - **Digital signal processor (DSP)** - **Digital-to-analog conu. (DAC)** ## May 18th, 2023 - Thursday - **WAV file format** - **Size offset** - **Chunk Riff chunke descriptor** - 4 0 Chunk size - 4 8 Format - 4 12 Sub chunk Subchunk size - 4 20 audioformat - 2 22 Num Channds - 2 24 Samplerate - 4 28 Byte Pate - 4 32 Block align - 2 34 Bits/samele - 2 36 Set chant - 4 40 Subchunk2ID - 4 44 Subchun lí 2 Size - **Data** - **Chun Ksize = 36+ S.C2size** - **Byte rate = Sample Rate X no. of Channelsx bitspersample** - **Block align= Num channels X bits/samek** - **Sub Chunk 2 size = Nom Samples X No Channels x bits/sample** ## May 19th, 2023 - Friday - **MIDI** - **GM level-1 performance req** - 24 voices at least • 16 Channels - At least 16 main instruments. - At least 128 preset instruments - Certain controllers supported ## May 20th, 2023 - Saturday - **MIDI files. Contain 2 Chunlss.** - Header Chunk - Track Chonn. ## May 23rd, 2023 - Tuesday **Leca:** depth - **1-bit:** black and white. - **4-bit:** 16 colors. (VGA/EGA) - **8-bit:** 256 colors. - **8-bit gray:** 256grey-levels. - **16 bit:** 216 Colors 5bits for red/blue 6 bit for green - **24bit:** true color 256 for RGB - **32-bit:** 46 3 bytes for RGB 8th bit for alpha ## May 24th, 2023 - Wednesday - **Resolution** - 288 X 216 on 300 dpi - Size 288 x 216 = 0.46" x0.72" - **size to tas Pixel depth byt** - **Vector graphics.** - **Popular languages for vectorgraphics.** - Postscript adobe - VRML Virtual Reality markup language - SVG Scalable vector Graphics - **Color systems** - RGB additive system. - CMYK subtractive system - HSB/HSL - YUV tv and Video - Y= 0.294 R+0.5876+0.114 B - U-0436(B-Y)/0-0.115) - V=0.615(R-Y)/(1-0.244) - HTML osixdigit pex ## September 13th, 2023 - Friday - **Lecture 6:** Multimedia. - **Vider:** Phiphenomenon. Persistence of vision for light sources. - **Critical fusion Freq:** rate at which stimuli can be ercceived saperately. - **CFF OF CRT:** 60 times/sec ## September 14th, 2023 - Saturday - **Klicker:** Interlacing: dividing the Screen by two to reduce. - **Video size = R x bits/2lxx fps** - AVI: 30fps, 300x200, 816bit color, windows - Quicktime: 30fes, 300X200, 8/16bit color, Macintosh. - MPEG.Con interkaleave. ## September 15th, 2023 - Sunday - **Linear vs spline interpolation** - Choppy; Smooth - NTSC: 525 Lines, 30 Hz - PAL/SECAM: 625 Limes, 25Hz ## July 2nd, 2023 - Friday - **Lecture 8:** Multimedia *- **Display Technologies.** - **Cathode Ray Tubes:** - electron gun - Connector pins - Focus system. - Raster: a rectangular array of points on the screen - CRT Color arrangements! - **Delta:** Beehive-like Hexagon anangement - **In-line:** all three pixels are side by side. - **Shadowmask:** filters out stray electrons. - **Interleaving/interlacing:** Scanlines Scan only 50% at atime used till now for powerefficency. - **Magnetic deflection Coils** - **Phosphor Coated Screen** - **electron beam** ## July 3rd, 2023 - Saturday ## October 21st, 2023 - Monday - **Lecture F:** Datancome. - **Multimedia** - **RLE:** If the same "Char" occured > Stimes - it is shortened to the form xin - **Char Occurances** - **Diffrential encoding:** S1, SD-S., S-Sz,...... - **lossless JPEG** - **Useing predictors we Be** - **Create an ex Pixel matrix.** - **Pixels of first row use P1 and pixels of First Column use p2** ## September 16th, 2023 - Monday - **RLE** - 333456666678 - A B C C C C C C C C C E F 666 - A B C 1 4 D E F G GG - **Diffrential encoding** - S1, S2, S3, S4,۰۰۰۰۰ - S1, S2 - S₁, Sz₃-S2, 54-53, …