Critical Thinking Lecture Notes PDF

Alexandria National University Pharmacy Program Critical Thinking Lec. (1) Intro & Concepts Ass. Professor of Educational Psychology Faculty of Education, Alexandria University  Learning Outcomes...

Alexandria National University Pharmacy Program Critical Thinking Lec. (1) Intro & Concepts Ass. Professor of Educational Psychology Faculty of Education, Alexandria University  Learning Outcomes By the end of this lecture, you will be able to: 1) Define the meaning of thinking. 2) Determine the types o Thinking. 3) Define the meaning of critical thinking. 4) Describe the history of critical thinking 5) Describe the characteristics of a critical thinker.  Lec. (1) Abstract History of Critical What is Thinking? Thinking Types o Thinking Characters of a Critical Thinker What is Critical Critical Thinking Thinking? Skills How many triangles are there?  Activity: Time 5 Mints Do You Agree With This Statement? “Some people study all their life and at their death they have learned everything except to THINK“. Francois Domergue Thinking What is thinking?  What is thinking? In psychology, thinking is defined as the cognitive process that helps you solve problems, make decisions, and understand ideas. Thinking involves various mental activities, such as attention, perception, and memory.  Types of Thinking There Are 5 Types of Thinking: Analytical thinking Practical thinking Types of Thinking Scientific Thinking Creative thinking Critical thinking 1) Analytical thinking: Analytical thinking depends on analysis the facts. And it is required to prove or disprove the hypotheses. 2) Practical thinking: Practical thinking depends on thinking in a practical or Possible way through put plan. 2) Scientific thinking: Scientific thinking depends on thinking about the content of science and the set of reasoning processes. 4) Creative thinking: Creative thinking depends on ability to produce something new through such as new solution to problem, new method or device. 5) Critical thinking: Critical thinking refers to higher-order, It depends on is a way of deciding whether a claim is true, false, or partly true and partly false.  Critical Thinking What is Critical thinking?  What is Critical thinking? 1) Is evaluating information gathered from: observation, experience or reflection, as a guide to belief and action.  What is Critical thinking? 2) Is correct thinking in the pursuit of relevant and reliable knowledge about the world.  What is Critical thinking? 3) Is general term given to a wide range of cognitive skills needed to identify, analyze, and evaluate arguments.  Critical Thinking is Not: 1) Not Negativity- it is not mere 'criticism' 2) Not 'Emotionless' 3) Not Creative thinking 4) Not just problem solving- but finding questions to ask  21 Reasonable Reflective Responsible Critical Thinking  History of Critical Thinking 1) The intellectual roots of critical thinking are traceable to the vision of Socrates 2,500 years ago. Socrates History of Critical Thinking 2) Socrates discovered by a method of questioning that people could not rationally justify their confident claims to knowledge. 3) His method of questioning is now known as "Socratic Questioning"  History of Critical Thinking 4) Socrates' practice was followed by the critical thinking of Plato and Aristotle that they emphasized that things are often very different from what they appear to be. Aristotle  Characters of a Critical Thinker ✓ Open-mindedness ✓ independent thinking ✓ insightful ✓ honest ✓ self-aware ✓ welcome criticism Critical Thinking Skills Reasoning Analyzing Evaluating Decision Problem Making Solving Thanks Ass. Professor of Educational Psychology Faculty of Education, Alexandria University