cram the pance abx notes_natalia.pdf
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CRAM THE PANCE- ANTIBIOTICS: ETA LACTAMS:(Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactam, B Carbapenem) Penicillin— - Penicillin G, Penicillin V (+) High yield indications: -Syphilis -Strep Pharyngitis (Amoxicillin is used more often for taste, and dosing amounts), dental infections, r...
CRAM THE PANCE- ANTIBIOTICS: ETA LACTAMS:(Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactam, B Carbapenem) Penicillin— - Penicillin G, Penicillin V (+) High yield indications: -Syphilis -Strep Pharyngitis (Amoxicillin is used more often for taste, and dosing amounts), dental infections, rheumatic fever Penicillinase Resistant: (Antistaphylococcal penicillin)--- -Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin -STAPH High Yield indications: -MSSA Amino-Penicillin— -Amoxicillin (PO), Ampicillin (IV) -Gram (+), mostly Gram (-) High yield indications: -Acute otitis media, strep pharyngitis, listeria eed something to resist beta-lactamase… N Beta- Lactamase Inhibitor Penicillin: (shield for antibiotic)--- -Amoxicillin- clavulanate (Augmentin) -Ampicillin- Sulbactam (Unasyn) (+),(-),Anaerobes High yield indications: -Acute Sinusitis, Animal Bites, Aspiration Pneumonia Antipseudomonal Penicillin: (Extended Spectrum) -Super broad spectrum, not used on average patient -Piperacillin- Tazobactam -Ticarcillin- Clavulanate -(+),(-)Pseudomonas,Anaerobes Does NOT cover: MRSA, atypicals … really good at everything else Adverse drug reactions: Hypersensitivity (most associated) Hematologic reactions GI (amoxicillin (Augmentin) , ampicillin diarrhea) CEPHALOSPORINS: Olympic podium= 1st place is most positive, you getmore negative the lower you are placed - Losing gram (+), gain gram (-): 1st Generation:— -Cephalexin -Cefazolin -Really good gram (+) (Staph, Strep) High yield Indications: -Skin infections (MSSA)- (Cephalexin (PO)) -Surgical prophylaxis (Cefazolin) nd Generation:--- 2 “2 FURry FOX drinking TEa on the FLOR” : 2nd gen,CeFURoxime, ceFOXitin, cefoTEtan, ceFacLOR -Gram (+), BUT weaker than gen 1 , Gram (-) better,Anaerobes High Yield Indications: -Intraabdominal/ pelvic infections rd Generation:--- 3 “You can TRI (cefTRIaxone)(TRI=3rd gen), TAXing (Cefotaxime)me but you wont get a DIME (ceftaziDIME)” -Excellent Gram (-) -PSEUdomonaswith CeftaziDIME…“If you SUE me, youwon’t get a DIME” High yield indications: -Gonococcal infections -Meningitis -community acquired pneumonia (hospitalized) 4th Generation:--- -Cefepime -Gram (-)Pseudomonas “Cef4pime, 4th gen, 4 syllables pseu-do-mo-nas” 5th Generation:--- -Ceftaroline -MRSA coverage “Cef-star-oline, is all about the stars… 5 sides/ 5th gen… when you look at the stars, you can see mars… MRSA'' MONOBACTAM: Aztreonam:--- -Gram(-) only,Pseudomonas ***Has NO cross reactivity with other beta lactam antibiotics!!...CAN give to people allergic to penicillins (exception ceftazidime, similar side link) -Can be used for people with renal insufficiencies GLYCOPEPTIDES: Vancomycin—(Always IV, except with C. diff) -Gram (+)MRSA igh Yield Indications: H -C. Diff (PO) dverse drug reactions: A -Red man syndrome -Ototoxicity -Nephrotoxicity “Pimped out van with CROM rims, (C-diff, Red man syndrome/ Renal Toxicity, Ototoxicity, MRSA) CARBAPENEM: - Imipenem-Cilastatin -Metropenem -Ertapenem EXTREMELY broad-spectrum antibiotics: -Gram (+), Gram (-), MSSA -Pseudomonas(Ex ceptEr tapenem) -Anaerobes dverse drug reactions: A -CNS Toxicity (lower seizure threshold, particularly with Imipenem) AMINOGLYCOSIDES: - Gentamycin -Tobramycin -Amikacin -Neomycin -Streptomycin -Gram (-),Pseudomonas Adverse drug reactions: *Ototoxicity *Nephrotoxicity ll end in CIN (CIN- coverage includes (-) CIN- crushing incas and nephrons (ototoxicity and a kidney/nephrons) TETRACYCLINES: -Doxycycline** - Tetracycline -Minocycline -Gram (-), Gram (+),MRSA, Atypicals and “weird stuff”...Unusualpathogens, vibrio, anthrax, lyme disease, etc. igh Yield Indications: FORDOXYCYCLINE H -Chlamydia (used to be azithromycin…single dose for non-compliant patients) -Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever -Lyme Disease “Sitting on a DOCK by the SEA (DOCK-SEA Cycline) eating CLAMS (CLAM-ydia) and ROCKY MOUNTAIN oysters (ROCKY MOUNTAIN Spotted disease) with a squeeze of LYME (LYME disease)” Adverse drug reactions: -teeth discoloration -inhibits bone growth in children -impaired absorption when taken with certain minerals, antacids (aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium) -photosensitivity Fluoroquinolones: Moxifloxacin— -”Respiratory fluoroquinolones” -Best Gram (+),Atypicals,Anaerobes Levofloxacin— -“Respiratory fluoroquinolone” -Good Gram(+) -Beststrep,pneumonia -Don't use for when person has myasthenia gravis Ciprofloxacin— -”Urinary fluoroquinolone” “Only fluoroquinolone witha p= pp (urinary tract)” -Best gram (-) coverage -BestPseudomonas High yield indications: -Pyelonephritis -UTI (complicated) -Prostatitis -community acquired pneumonia Adverse Drug reaction: 1. QT prolongation 2. Tendon rupture (achilles tendon) 3. Precipitate Myasthenic Crises (black box warning) Macrolides: - Azithromycin -Clarithromycin -Erythromycin -Gram (-)(+), Atypical organisms igh yield Indications: H -Chlamydia * (used to be best, now doxycycline is) -Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)“MACrolides, treatMAC” -community acquired pneumonia -Gastroparesis (mostly azithromycin) -COPDBacterial exacerbations dverse drug reactions: A -QT prolongation -prominent GI side effects (hepatotoxicity; Azithromycin), (Acute cholestatic; Erythromycin) -CytochromeP450 Inhibition