Community Public Health PDF

COMMUNITY 3 PUBLIC HEALTH 3....

COMMUNITY 3 PUBLIC HEALTH 3. COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION - If the community is organized the community health will be more HEALTH : Positive 3 Negative (AnnBowling 1991) effective. NEGATIVE HEALTH 4. INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIORS based behavior community - - people assumes that they are healthy on a persons could affect the "If they don't have current illnesses" like Fever , cough. B cold PUBLIC HEALTH They do not include their mental well-being , SCIENCE 3 ART : physical well-being , ability to cope , and social - Preventing Disease support in evaluating if they are healthy or not. - Prolonging LiFe - Promoting Healthy Behaviors POSITIVE HEALTH THROUGH : Organized EFForts - Absence of disease a Full on walthy lifestyle To : inform communities PURPOSE : Improve Quality of LiFe HEALTH ACCORDING TO WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO , 1948) Public Health is the sum of all governmental efforts to promote , - - "Health is a state of complete physical , mental , and protects , i preserve the people's health. " PUBLIC HEALTH DOES ? social well being and not merely the absence of disease. WHAT - - Prevent epidemics and spread of disease HEALTH IS MULTIDIMENSIONAL - Protect against environmentalhazards -according to wood Patrick , there are sets of characteristics - Prevent injuries of individuals : - Promote encourage healthy behaviors · Death ~ Respond to disasters and assist communities in recovery · Disease - Assure the quality and accessibility of health services. Impairment · PUBLIC HEALTH'S MISSION · Functional limitation - Institute of Medicine , The Future of Public Health , 1980 " · Discomfort assuring conditions in which people can wealthy" be prevention " · Disability organized community efforts aimed at the of O Handicap disease and the promotion of health" : HOW PUBLIC HEALTH DOES ITS WORK COMMUNITY : - Com (Latin) = together - munis (Etruscan) = to endow (provide or to have exchange of services is a group of people who form relationships overtime by interacting regularly with the shared experiences. BIOLOGY : interacting organisms (people) sharing the environment. GOAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH same SOLIOLOGY : a group of interacting people larger than a. 1 outer circle household living in a common location. - Partner - Promote - Provide They have common : - Protect - Prevent Intent Resources Inner circle - - 2 - Beliefs - preferences - Population -Needs - Risks - Prosper Composed of the Following PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTION : - people : interacting organism Focus : Prevent rather than treat a disease - place : locality Through : surveillance of cases 3 the promotion of healthy behaviors - Identity : "We feeling" Ex of Public Health Measures : Common culture = shared beliefs knowledge , morals & etc. 1 Promote Hand Washing , - Social System : independence of each person 3 has a unique 2 vaccination program Functions that contributes to the community.. 3 Distribution of condom PERSONAL HEALTH : BRIEF HISTORY OF COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH - Individual actions & decision making that affect their walth Earliest civilizations : Evidence of community health practices or people around them. NORTHERN INDIA : bathrooms 3 sewers -depends on environment3 socioeconomic level of people SUMERIAN CLAY TABLET : prescription drugs CODE OF HAMMURABI : laws on physicians & health practices COMMUNITY HEALTH BOOK OF LEVITICUS : provides guidelines for personal cleanliness - within public health - Focus : people in the same geographic areas MIDDLE AGES : 500 to 1500 AD - Includes : Public private efforts little progress in public or community health - Purpose : To Promote , Protect , 3 Preserve the health of Spiritual era , beliefs those in the community. epidemics of communicable disease common FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE HEALTH OF A COMMUNITY : PERIOD OF RENAISSANCE 3 EXPLORATION : 1500 to 1700 AD 1 PHYSICAL FACTORS renewed interest in cause 3 cures of diseases the wealth of the community is sometimes dependent disease caused by environmental 3 not spiritual Factors on now many people are there in the community , where they are located , now is the environment there 18th CENTURY : INDUSTRIAL GROWTH 3 If Industrial development is prevalent. period of industrial growth 3 poor sanitary conditions , epidemics of 2 SOCIAL B CULTURAL FACTORS cholera , yellow Feverb smallpox (Europe Americal - some communities have different traditions 3 CITIES OVERCROWDED = water suppli es inadequatea streets heaped beliefs that could risk the health of the with trash garbage community. WORK PLACE UNSAFE BUNHEALTHY (Fire Hazards , improper garbage disposal) 19th CENTURY ORGANIZATIONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO COMMUNITY HEALTH Modern era of Public Health 9 size 3 complexity of today's communities discovery of CHOLERA (1849) · hindrance to respond effectively to health needs Miasma Theory b. Types of community health organizations : Bacteriologic period of Public Health (1875-19001 · basis : source of Funding 3 organizational structure SCIENTISTS : described a cause of disease a discovered 1 GOVERNMENTAL /OFFICIAL) HEALTH AGENCIES a great number of bacterial disease agents of & Funded by TAX 3 headed by government officials communicable disease Exists at 4 governmental levels : * Louis Pasteur developed the process of pasteurization INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES - * # Robert Koch-discovered tuberculosis bacterium · World Health organization (WHO) : primary intl health agency - Founded in 1948 , HQ @ Genera Switzerland 20th century · World Health Assembly HEALTH RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PERIOD (1900 - 1960) - primary operating body ; Formed by each membered nations. * Medical Schools , hospitals & nursing schools · PURPOSE : REFORM PERIOD (1900 - 1920) - To assist the people member nations attain the of * SOCIAL CONCERNS : Congress passed legislation best level of health possible regulating food b other industries · NOTE WORTHY OF WHO : * 1920s - decline in alcohol related health problems - eradication of small pox : due to prohibition 1967 : small pox spread ; 2 M died Great Depression (1929-1935) 1980 : total eradication Social Security Act OF 1935 * NATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES National Cancer Institute (1937) · National government health department wroll resulted in a number of medical advances - primary responsible for the protection of the health 3 hospital construction resumed wellfare of its citizens Post war years , * community health priorities failed · DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Y HUMAN SERVICES (DHHS) * Polic vaccine - Lead Health Agency (Federal government) , USA *Pres. Eisenhower's heart attack - Public Health Service (PHS) comprises the following agencies : PERIOD OF Social Engineering (1940-1975) The Centers For Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) # Government improved access wealth care to The Food & Drug Administration (FDA) · Medicare - children , old people s w/ persisting · DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (DOH) , PHILIPPINES disease · Medicaid - poor - Headed by Secretary of Health MEALTH PROMOTION PERIOD (1975-1990) - Appointed by the presidenta a member of his cabinet * Discovery of the importance of lifestyle choices · HEALTH-RELATED AGENCIES COMMUNITY HEALTH In the 1900s Y EARLY 2000 - Dept of Agri - DILG & a serious challenges - DepEd - DSWD ↓ Improvement of health care delivery - DPWH. 2 solutions on environmental problems * REGIONAL (STATES HEALTH DEPARTMENTS.Preventing 3 lifestyle disease · 17 CENTERS FOR HEALTH DEVELOPMENT (CHD) 4. Increasing communicable disease : - Formerly by region , headed by medical directors · AIDs , Tuberculosis , viral disease - Dr. Abdullah Dumama , Jr.: Region x /. 5 Increasing number of alcohol 3 drug abuse · 3 PURPOSES : 6. Terroris - To promote , protect , 3 maintain the health 3 Welfare of the citizens of the state ↑ CCOMPLISHMENTS (1900 - 1999) : · Purposes represent the core functions of public health VACCINAMON : - health assessment -health assurance # eradicated of smallpox - policy development # elimination of polic * LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS # control of meseals , rubella , tetauns · local level governmental health organizations Fund diphtheria : Hib local tax - , , etc. - MMR : Measels , Mumps & Rubella - Purpose : provide health services to the people in their - Tap : Tetanus , diphtheria , 3 cities , counties , 3 parishes a cellular pertussis booster - organization and services vary Hib : Haemophilus Influenzae Type B * COORDINATED SCHOOL HEA LTH PROGRAMS - MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY · To protect , promote improve the a health well being of * large reduction in motor-vehicle-related students & Staff , thus improving a student's ability to learn. deaths · Include : ↑ Engineering efforts (highways) , personal - Health Education behavior (helments , seatbelts - Healthful school environment SAFER WORK PLACE - Health services # Work related problems : · Pneumoconiosis such as authracosis. 2 QUASI-GOVERNMENTAL HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS (black lung) & silicosis-reduced Funding : Both public 3 private sources #Injuries & dealths related to : L Have official health responsibilities but operate independently · construction = decreased of government supervisions CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES # Typhoid & Cholera. 3 NONGOVERNMENTAL HEALTH AGENCIES * Discovery of antimicrobial theraphy : TBY SDDS L Funding : private contributions , membership due and grants DECLINE DEATHS FROM CORONARY DISEASE) STROKE L notheaded by government officials SAFER & HEALTHIER FOODS L TYPES OF NGOs HEALTHIER MOTHERS 3 BABIES · voluntary Health Agencies FLOURIDATION OF DRINKING WATER - arose because of unment health needs (FOUNDATIONS etc). - Ex : American Cancer Society 3 Philippine Red Cross CRA#10072 , 2009)  · PROFESSIONAL HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS Funds : membership dues - - serve to protect a promote the standards of the profession - Ex. Philippine Association of Medical Technologists (PAMET) Philippine Association of Schools of Medical Technologists and Public Health (PASMETH) · PHILANTHROPIC FOUNDATIONS - Provides money for projects 3 research to benefit society , more directed toward improving health - gives money , can support research in a long term · SERVICE , SOCIAL 3 RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS - Members enjoy social interaction with similar interests - MISSION : Service to other in their communities · CORPORATE INVOLVEMENT IN COMMUNITY HEALTH - Corporation affect community health : · the way it treats the environment · by its use of natural resources · by the discharge of wastes · the safety of the work environment · type of 3 products services - BOTTOMLINE : Healthcare Benefits to Employees LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE AND REFERRAL SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES