CPAR [1ST QTR].pdf

CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 - The rock carvings were discovered TOPIC OUTLINE: Lesson 1: History of Philippine Art in 1965 and were declared Lesson 2A: Art forms (Presidential...

CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 - The rock carvings were discovered TOPIC OUTLINE: Lesson 1: History of Philippine Art in 1965 and were declared Lesson 2A: Art forms (Presidential Decree No. 260) as a Lesson 2B: Classification of Art in the Philippines national cultural treasure by the Lesson 3: Elements of Art Philippine government in 1973. ★ Manunggul Jar LESSON 1: HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE ART - Circa 890-710 BC | Earthenware Natural Museum of the Philippines Arch of the Centuries - From Palawan, were the remains of - Made during the Spanish Colonial the dead. It is valued as the most Period (1521-1898) impressive work of ancient pottery - Built in the 17th Century in the Philippines. It was discovered - Once in Intramuros, moved to in the Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Samapaloc, was rebuilt after WWII Point palawan. and now serves as one of the UST’s - The two anitos represent their entrances. journey to the afterlife. Spanish Colonial Period ★ Linglingo - Introduced Christianity and - An ancient Philippine symbol for European art. Influences seen on fertility and virility. Catholic churches, religious icons - ‘Linglingo’ means “lingo that serves and altarpieces. the act of creation”, “lingo that issues the thought of NOTE: How do we learn about art? manifestation”, “lingo that conjures - Through History, Aesthetics, Criticism, the power to bring forth”. and Production. ★ Baybayin 1) PRE-COLONIAL (3000 BC) - Writing system of the Philippines - Pre-Colonial art in the Philippines - Comes from the Tagalog root word includes pottery, weaving, baybay, which means “to spell” woodcarving, metalwork, and - When the Spaniards arrived in the jewelry making. Philippine archipelago, they - These art forms reflect aspects of observed that most of the natives, everyday life, cultural traditions, and not just the elite, could read and practices. write. - Art is way of life - The script was used not only to record but also to write poetry, ★ Angono Petroglyphs incantation, and letters. - Angono-Binangonan, Rizal rock carvings Islamic art - A series of excavations revealed that - Conveys the spiritual, cultural, the drawings were etched in 3000 and intellectual heritage of Islam. BC during the neolithic period. CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 rays emanating from the side It is characterized by its emphasis bands. on non-figurative decoration, harmonious design, and the use of art as a means to express both Known Artists beauty and divine order. Damian Domingo y Gabor - Known as the Father of ★ Okir Philippine Painting, is - Crafted by Maranao and Tausug, remembered as the first Filipino features intricate geometric and painter to specialize in secular organic patterns carved on wood (non-religious) painting. symbolizing nature and spirituality. - He had a photographic memory, a) Tarogan - traditional house and is well known as the creator b) Panalong - extended house beam of miniature portraits of Manila of the tarogan society figures. - He also established an art ★ Sheikh Karimul Makhdum academy in his residence in Mosque Tondo in 1821, and later became - Features one or more domes, called the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura qubba in Arabic. in 1823. - Examples of paintings: Letras Y 2) SPANISH COLONIAL (1521-1898) Figuras & La Sagrada Familia - Introduced Christianity and European art. Influences seen on Juan Luna & Felix Resurrección Catholic churches, religious icons - Are the first Filipino painters to and altarpieces. gain international recognition - Ex: San Agustin Church in when they won the top prize at Intramuros, Our Lady of the National Exposition of Fine Assumption Church in Ilocos Sur, Arts in Madrid in 1884. Santo Tomas de Villanueva in Iloilo - Juan luna (1st place): Spolarium - Felix Hidalgo (2nd place): Las ★ Retablo Virgenes Cristianas al Populacho - A votive offering made in the form of a religious picture typically 3) AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD portraying Christian saints, painted (1898-1940) on a panel, and hung in a church or - Marked the advent of modernism chapel especially in Spain and and the establishment of art Mexico. schools in the Philippines - Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto follows ★ Sculptures the Classical Realism movement, - Mostly made in ivory. Most look focusing on realistic depictions of chinese. everyday life and landscapes, a) Immaculate conception: She is emphasizing light, color, and detail adorned with a gold aureole of 12 to capture the beauty and essence stars and closed gold crown with CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 of Filipino culture and scenery.. His paintings are mostly in farms Modern Art - Guillermo Tolentino created - is marked by the conflict between neoclassical statues. the rules and views of the Academy and the innovative methods of the ★ Neo-classical Modern artists in the late 1920s - Columns graced the first University - The Academic style was established of the Philippines building in during the Spanish colonial period Ermita followed the rules of the Spanish, Italian and French Academies. ★ Vaudeville - Victorio C. Edades was criticized for - Also known as bodabil, featured his modern art. diverse acts like music, comedu, and dance, entertaining audiences Known Artists in theaters. Victoria Edades ★ Zarzuela - is a Filipino painter dubbed as - Also referred as sarswela, form of the Father of Modern Philippine Spanish or Spanish-derived musical painting. He was named National theater in which the dramatic Artist for Painting in 1976. action is carried through an - He created distorted human alterating combination of song and figures in rough bold impasto speech strokes and standing tall and - Dalagang bukid: First Filipino film. singular. The hues of his masterpieces were dark, the ★ Lipang Kalabaw (Magazine) opposite of the cheerful hues of - Is a satirical-political entertainment Armosolo. weekly Tagalog magazine that was - He taught at the University of circulated in the Philippines in Santo Tomas and was eventually three different periods. named dean of its Department of - Owned and edited by Lope K. Architecture. Santos the Lipang Kalabaw of - He used the technique of 1907-1909 tackled the relevant “Impasto” in his paintings; issues of politics, society, and painting technique with thick culture of the day. layers and bold strokes, creating texture through a brush or a ★ Comics palette knife. - Tony Velasquez, created the first Galo Ocampo serialized Filipino cartoon strip, - Was a Filipino painter known for ‘Mga kabalbalan ni Kenkoy’ in 1928. rejecting academic tradition and It first appeared on 11 January 1929 embracing Western modernism in Liwayway Magazine - His artworks lood 2D. He uses - Jose Rizal was the first comic artist cubisms and shapes. in the Philippines. CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 Neo-realism - Stylistically his paintings - World war 2 was an artistic showcase the influence of movement, characterized by a Cubism, Surrealism and focus of social issues, everyday life expressionism on his works. He and the human condition. often blended with Christian themes with references to Thirteen Moderns Filipino indigeneity and subjects. - They introduced modernist techniques and themes, Carlos Francisco emphasizing innovation and - He was distinguished for mural individuality in their works. painting for many decades and - Capili, Magsaysay-Ho, Cristobal, best known for his historical Francisco, Legaspi, Diego, Lorenzo, pieces. He was one of the first G Ocampo, H Ocampo, Pardo, Filipino modernists along with Puruganan, Mananasala, Edades Falo Ocampo and Victorio Edades. 6) 1970s TO CONTEMPORARY - He was posthumously conferred the title National Artist in Visual - Is dynamic, diverse, politically Arts in 1973. engaged, blending tradition and - Revolution, was one of his famous modernity, embracing multimedia paintings. and technology, globalization, and social issues 4) JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945) - Philippine art was marked by LESSON 2A: ART FORMS censorship and propaganda, emphasizing traditional Asian 1) VISUAL ARTS aesthetics, patriotic themes, and - Arts that are primarily experienced the struggles of Filipino life under through sight Japanese Occupation Painting: is applying pigments on a - Fernando Armososlo’s atworks flat surface to create images using started becoming more destructive different techniques, but primarily depicting the present that is using a brush. happenging during the war Sculpture: are 3d works usually done by carving, molding, or 5) POSTWAR REPUBLIC (1946-1969) assembling. - Is characterized by a combination a) Relief structure (uses soft of rebuilding and restoring national material like clay) identity which influenced various b) Free standing (uses solid forms of artistic expressions. material like rocks) - After the war, Arguilla opened the Film: is a storytelling medium that Philippine Art Gallery on Azcarraga weaves a narrative through moving Street (now Recto AVe0) dedicated pictures, sound, and editing to displaying, collecting, and promoting Filipino modern art. CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 2) PERFORMING ARTS Emergent Art Forms - Arts that come alive with performance ★ Conceptual Art Music: is the art of creating and - Favors idea over form. Does not arranging sounds and silences in a focus on the final output. given time to make an aesthetic - Emphasizes the idea and process experience. Ex: Sampung mga more than the final output of the Daliri (10 piano) artwork. Dance: uses one’s body to form - Conceptual artists use their shapes, express emotions, and tell artwork to question the notion of stories through movements art. Let people think or wonder Theatre: is the art of telling stories about the artwork. through live performances, with actors, dialogue, costumes, sets, ★ Installation Art props, and lights and sounds. - Is an art practice incorporating an ensemble of objects and 3) LITERARY ARTS mediums in space. Both objects - Arts that use written words as and space are the central medium components of installation art. Novel: are long fictional narratives that tell complex stories through ★ Mixed-Media Art character development and plot - Refers to artworks that combine Short stories: shorter works of media or materials not limited to fiction with concise character paint. development and plot a) Assemblage: is an artwork that is Poetry: the art of expressing produced by putting together feelings and ideas through everyday different objects into symbolism, distinctive style and one composition. rhythm b) Performance Art: is a live, ephemeral art form where the 4) APPLIED ARTS artist’s body, actions, and - Arts that combine artistic principles interactions with the audience with functionality become the art itself. Requires Architecture: the art and science of the artist to be best skilled with designing building structures that the performance. Sometimes are both aesthetically pleasing and inflicts pain on the artist. functional Fashion: the art of designing clothing and accessories expressing Characteristics of Contemporary Art individual and cultural style, identity, and social trends. Site-Specific - Has direct relationship to a specific location where it is seen or experienced. CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 - Where the artwork would be the development, production, display, most impactful. Can be placed or creative creation of work that anywhere not limited to walls or combines two or more disciplines floors. of art to produce a work for a specific audience. Collaborative - Everyone combines their discipline - Involves two or more artists. It is not or craft to form one big art form, limited to fellow artists but can such as music, ensemble, and the include the whole community of a performance itself. Example: specific area. Paskuhan or concerts. - Not necessarily an artist, as long as it is made with a group or LESSON 2B: CLASSIFICATION OF ART IN collaboration of people. THE PHILIPPINES Process-Based Philippine Art in Context - It is simply defined as artworks that - Philippine art manifest the focuses on the actual process and following Filipino core values; experience of creation itself rather Maka-Diyos, Makatao, than the final product or outcome. Makakalikasan at Makabansa - Does not care about the final output, instead focuses on the process. Ex: An artist may continue Western Individualistic logical and splashing paint onto a canvas not analytical self assessing caring about how the final product and private highly specialistic would result. a) Documentaries: are non-fiction Philippines Communal intuitive an movies that documents or captures holistic interdependent reality and relational part of everyday life Interactive - Is any type of art that involves the 1) FINE ART viewer in the creative process. - Are creative art, especially visual art, Attempts to challenge the whose products are to be traditional boundary between artist appreciated primarily or solely for and “audience” imaginative, aesthetic, or - Interaction doesn’t necessarily intellectual content. (focus on mean touching the artworks. aesthetic) Audience can write/express their - Fine art was of a higher value feelings on the artwork. Example: compared to commercial art Art in Island because Fine artworks are kept in “sacred” art spaces like museums, Integrative galleries, and theaters - Is the term used to describe interdisciplinary art, art study, CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 Couture and Casual Fashion - Couture can be categorized as Fine Dukit art for its meticulous quality and - The Kapampangan word for avant-garde style. In contrast, carving, is a folk craft in Betis, Casual fashion is considered Pampanga. However, ecclesiastical Commercial art because it is a sculptor Wilfredo Layug has mass-produced and trendy style. achieved a fine artist status Works by Rajo Laurel. The because of his hyper-realistic Archipelago 2018 (left), 2019 Spring religious wood carvings. Collection (right) 2) FOLK ART 3) COMMERCIAL ART - Can be defined as a classic - May be defined as any reproduction decorative, musical, or practical art that is marketed, promoted, or sold of different cultures or regions. It is and incorporates a financial usually unique to the people of a transaction. (focus on design) specific location and used as an - Popular, need to earn money expression of society. (focus on cultural sgnificance) The Mabini Art Movement in the - It is community art and traditions. Philippines Recently, they have been - also considered commercial art. commercialized and industrialized Mabini Art is cheap and affordable, as tourist art and cultural products with paintings of landscapes, to keep their practice alive. portraits, and everyday life made by artists without formal training. They Buscalan Village in Kalinga are displayed and sold in the Mabini - has become a famous travel tourist belt destination in the Cordillera region because of the world-renowned Oroquieta Street in Sta. Cruz “Last Mambabatok,” Whang Od. Manila Tourists (foreign and local) travel to - has several stores that sell religious Buscalan to be tattooed sculptures (Santo Nino, Crucifix, and traditionally by the people in the Images of Mary) in bulk and many village. similar styles and forms. The Ayala Foundation Canned Thoughts', Carlo Tanseco - partnered with the Iraya Mangyans - reinterprets 17 familiar commercial in Mindoro and created economic canned goods, staples in Filipino opportunities to sell their crafts, kitchens, and transforms their especially basket-weaving brand names and logos into vibrant traditions. Through this, they paintings that exude hope, joy, and empowered the Iraya Mangyans abundance. while respecting their cultural heritage. CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 Alcala, making the art institution acknowledge komiks as an art form that showcases skill and artistry. LESSON 3A: ELEMENTS OF ART SPACE - Can be defined as a positive or NOTE: Like contemporary art, these negative classifications are fluid and ever - Is where all elements come changing. One cannot box a particular together in a composition. In artwork into one category. You have to making an artwork, one will start know the context, especially the determining the space for your intention of the art itself. Mass-produced art forms can sometimes achieve highly composition acclaimed value based on quality. a) Positive space - Is the filled space, the object/s in Film the design - as an industry, is a popular form b) Negative space (Void) of mass-media. Most films are - Is the empty space, or the open created to make a profit. In the space between the objects, such as Philippines, movies are produced a background. starring the most popular stars to - You can have more negative space attract movie-goers and achieve than positive space in a box-office success. composition. This is common in - However, most independent photography and minimalist films are made to showcase the artworks. skills and visual genius of the filmmaker, like most of Lav Diaz LINES films, who got recognized - defined by a point moving in space. internationally for his quality It can move in different directions films. and adjust to the end of reference through various positions and Komiks actions. - Are reproducible and mass- - An example of this is Manga. They produced art, is considered use lines not only for the outline commercial and less valuable but also to create value and texture than paintings. At the time, komiks were not considered SHAPE “fine” art. - When two or more lines intersect - The Order of the National Artist and form an enclosed space, it recognized two komik artists, creates a shape. The shape is an Francisco Coching and Larry external boundary, outline, and CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 external surface as opposed to b) Applied textures other elements such as colors and - Evident in sculptures, and one can textures feel the object's texture in the - Some artists play with shapes (both artwork. Impasto paintings also organic and geometrical shapes) have applied textures due to the and colors to create their work application of thick brush strokes. - Focuses on the area COLORS FORM - Is produced by the way an object - as an element of art is always reflects or emits light. By placing three-dimensional. Like a shape, a colors next to each other differently, form has height, length, width, artists can create a variety of depth, and volume. effects. - Examples include shapes with 3D a) Hue: name of color like forms. Architecture, as an art b) Saturation: brightness or dullness form, starts with 3-dimensional of a color/hue drawings. Once built, they create a form. The final product of VALUE Architecture and sculpture is called - Deals with the lightness or form. darkness of an art piece: drawings, a) Organic forms colors, photographs, and other - Are naturally occurring. These are media. forms we see in nature. - Areas of light and dark tones create an illusion of a form to the subject TEXTURES matter. Graduation of values is also - Refer to how objects and surfaces used to create an illusion of depth. feel and are most associated with the sense of touch or tactility - In painting, adding textures to flat visual art can add more character to one’s work.. a) Implied textures - These objects share the same shape and size but vary in texture. With the proper use of lines and value, one can trick the eye of the viewer into seeing implied textures in an artwork. CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 consists of black and white and a vast range of grays that can be mixed from them. ○ Neutral: hues that appear without color and don’t typically appear on the color wheel. They do not compete with primary and secondary Color Wheel colors but rather complement - It was developed by Sir Isaac them. Newton to visualize the color relationship within the spectrum. LESSON 3B: PRINCIPLES OF ART Color Theory - Is about developing aesthetically Principles of Art pleasing color relationships. You - How to use the tools to make art. can use the color wheel as your - Are techniques of the elements of guideline to create color schemes art to create art pieces, for your artwork. composition, arrangement, choreography, story, and many Color Scheme other works of art and design. a) Complementary colors: consist of contrasting colors. You can have Composition better contrast and emphasis using - The arrangement and structural this color scheme. elements of a work of art. - The way these principles are applied affects the expressive content or the message of the artwork. - Sometimes, creative artists purposely break the rules. BALANCE b) Other types: ○ Triadic: 3 complementary - This is commonly described as the ○ Split-complementary: 3 visual weight of an artwork. complement, but more narrow - The concept of visual equilibrium ○ Tetradic: 4 colors relates to our physical sense of ○ Analogous: colors in the same balance. line - It is a compromise of opposing ○ Monochromatic: one color forces in one composition that with different shades of that results in visual stability. color (lighter yellow, brighter a) Symmetrical Balance yellow) - Also known as “formal balance” in ○ Achromatic: Meaning “without art; equal balance between both color,” an achromatic scheme CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 halves of the composition, - The attractive whole or visual mirroring of halves orderliness. Unity is having all the elements of an art synchronized within the composition. HARMONY - Elements in art working together; effective relation to one another; b) Asymmetrical Balance combining similar, related - Known as “informal balance”; elements. retaining balance even if the - Harmony can be achieved through: weights vary. a) Repetition: repeated use of an element; makes visual echo and accent. b) Pattern: combination of repeated elements. c) Radial Balance - “Radiating” outwards; Art elements are placed around the central point. c) Rhythm: continuity, recurrence, and sequence in time and space. Unity VS Harmony EMPHASIS - Elements are applied to draw the Unity - different elements synched with viewers’ attention to a “focal point.” one another. - The “Center of Interest” of the focal pattern, repetition and rhythm Ex: Repetition of lines, Repetition point of an artwork of color every, Rhythm of beat every CONTRAST - Focuses on differences between or Harmony - same elements (usually on among opposing elements. repeat) synched with one another. - Common examples of contrast are similarity and within an element Ex: spirals with different colors, value and color contrast. hearts of various textures, school of rounded fishes UNITY - State of wholeness; Totality of related parts; complete unified whole. CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 MOVEMENT - The viewers’ eyes are “guided” through the artwork or towards the focal point; - Visual representation of movement. There are some Principles of Art that are ★ Tempo similar in expression to the audience; the - It refers to the speed of a consistent difference lies in the intent of the artist. pulse or beat in music - The pulse or beat is where we usually tend to sway or clap when LESSON 4: ELEMENTS OF MUSIC engaging in music. It can be measured through Beats per MUSIC minute (BPM) using a metronome. - Is the art of organizing sounds and - Metronome: instrument to silence in time to express ideas and measure bpm. emotions - The term Music came from the Greek word “mousike: which means Art of the Muses ★ Timbre - It refers to the tone color or quality of sound. It may also be associated with the instrumentation (instrument used) of a musical piece - Ex: bright, nasal, gritty, muffled, silvery, flute-like, horn-like, etc. ★ Dynamics ★ Rhythm - In physics, this is the volume of the - It refers to the arrangement or sound pattern of durations of notes and - It refers to the softness or loudness rests. of music. - Measure per note a) Crescendo (): gradually getting softer CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 - It is the arrangement of pitches that sound simultaneously together. - They are usually read from bottom to top on the musical staff - It can serve as an accompaniment to melody - Ex: chords ★ Pitch ★ Texture - In physics term, this is the sound - Refers to the thickness and layers of frequency music - It refers to the highness and - Types of musical texture: lowness of a sound. It can be a) Monophonic: is a single classified into Low, High, and melodic line without Middle ranged pitches accompaniment - This is measured in Hertz (Hz) - Ex: 100 filipino singing at the - The international standard pitch for same time lupang hinirang western instruments is based on b) Polyphonic: two or more the pitch A4 (or simply A or La) independent melodic lines tuned to 440 Hz. singing at the same time c) Homophonic: a melodic line with accompaniment ★ Form - It refers to the structure, arrangement, and sequence of sections of music ★ Tonality - A section is usually based on the - It refers to the musical key, scale, or start and end of a melody. selected pitches used in a piece of music - Ex: A major, E minor, C#minor, etc. Here are a few examples: - It is indicated by the Key Signature AAAA Strophic form (repeated found in a music notaion. sections with no contrasting section) ★ Melody - It refers to the arrangement or AB Binary form (2 different sequence of single notes from left section) to right. It may also be referred as ABC Ternary form (3 different tune or line in some context. sections) ★ Harmony ABA Arch for or ternary form (since it also has 3 section) CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 MEDIUM IN ART Here are a few examples: 1. TRADITIONAL ABCBA Arch form - Done with oil paint (painting), wood (sculpture), SLR camera ABCDE Through composed (no (photography), instruments and repeated section) vocals (music), pen and paper (literature) a) Fine art: watercolor, poster, acrylic and oil paint (painting), wood (sculpture), SLR camera (photography), instruments and vocals (music), pen and paper (literature), etc. b) Folk art: pottery, pottery, weaving, woodcraft, metalcraft, performing, martial arts, ethnomedicine, LESSON 5: MEDIA AND TECHNIQUES maritime transportation (vinta, lepa) Media VS. Medium 2. DIGITAL - The use of digital technology as Media - Refers to the various part of the creation process or the means of mass communication. manner of presentation of the - Encompasses all works. channels of - Ex: computers, mobile phones, communication used digital cameras, drawing and to disseminate painting applications information to a large audience. 3. UNCONVENTIONAL - Plays a vital role in shaping public - found objects, materials not opinion and commonly used influencing people’s - Can be reused or recycled materials behavior that don’t make any sense. Medium - Refers to the specific 4. BODY channel or tool used to convey a message - Performing arts is considered as - Can be a physical body such as: singing (voice), object or an tattoos, cosmetics, body painting intangible concept - Used in art to create a TECHNIQUE particular effect or - Is the manner in which artists use convey a specific and manipulate materials to message achieve the desired formal effect. CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 - It is also used to communicate the Sculpture Techniques desired concept, or meaning, according to the artist’s personal style (realistic, abstract, modern, etc.) Drawing Techniques Sculpture: Assembling Printmaking Techniques Drawing Techniques Performing Arts Technique - Movement: Physical Motion - Dance: Series of Movement - Choreography: Planned movements Time in Dance - A dancer's movements might be in sync with or against the beat. Dance moves require time. A dance is performed in the allotted time.