CORSOC 1st Quarter PDF

LESSON 1: The Discipline of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science --------------------------SOCIAL THEORIES------------------------- 1. Structural Functionalism – all are related...

LESSON 1: The Discipline of Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science --------------------------SOCIAL THEORIES------------------------- 1. Structural Functionalism – all are related to each other SOCIETY – a group of HUMAN BEINGS living in an Society → Institutions → Functions → Social organized community Equilibrium - Following COMMON LAWS, TRADITIONS, BELIEFS, and PRACTICES 2. Social Conflict Perspective – society as different social classes (poor, wealthy) Anthropology – study of human beings and their Society → Institutions → Competing → Power (wealth) cultural traditions - “Anthropos” — humankind 3. Symbolic Interactionalism – meanings attach to - “Logos” — the study of objects, people, and interactions - People’s language, values, technologies, group Society → Symbols → Human Behavior --------------------FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY------------------ Political Science – study of politics, power, & 1. Physical Anthropology – biological government anthropology - “Politea” — rights of citizens - Studies the biological evolution of man - “Polis” — city 2. Cultural Anthropology – investigates & seeks to -------------------FIELDS IN POLITCAL SCIENCE------------------ understand cultural features 1. Political Philosophy – study of concepts a. Archaeology – study of cultural heritage of (politics, govt., liberty & justice) the past through physical remains - Fossil remains of human culture 2. Comparative Government & Politics – different forms of government with their advantages & b. Anthropological Linguistics – study of disadvantages language where language may/ may not be written 3. Public Administration – study of bureaucracy behind the government and proper way to our c. Ethnology – study of marriage customs, needs kinship patterns, economic systems, and religious rights 4. International Relations – study of diplomatic - Ethnicity relations and practices how power is balance Sociology – systematic study of human society LESSON 2: The Concept of Culture - “Socius” — friend/ companion - “Logos” — to study Culture – “way of life of the people” - Development, networks, and functions - Beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a Family society Education - Cultures, people and groups define themselves, Government conform to society’s shared values and Economy contribute to society Religion Media Sociological perspective – conceptual framework/ paradigm to the intricate relationships ASPECTS OF CULTURE 2. Theory of Evolution – “all creatures have Learned undergone process of evolution Shared and transmitted through socialization (Homonization)” — Charles Darwin “On the Requires language Descent of Man” Dynamic, flexible, and adaptive Integrated -----------------STAGES OF HUMAN EVOLUTION--------------- 1. Australopithecus – genus of early hominis that ---------------IMPORTANT CONCEPT IN CULTURE------------- existed in Africa 1. Material – tangible, evidence in society 2. Homo Habilis – ability to make simple tools with - Traditional clothes, structures, cuisine their hands 3. Homo Erectus – ability to stand up straight and 2. Non-material – intangible walk bipedal - Ideas, practices, traditions 4. Homo Sapiens – ability to think 5. Homo Sapiens Sapiens – ability to think more 3. Ideal – expectation logically and rationally 4. Real – actual culture, reality ------------------STAGES OF SOCIAL EVOLUTION---------------- A. Prehistoric Culture -----------------------ELEMENTS OF CULTURE-------------------- 1. Hunting and Gathering – nomadic 1. Norms – standard of expected behavior - Strong family ties - To identify/ correct our expectation a. Written laws – constitution (govt.) 2. Horticultural and Pastoral – cultivate crops b. Unwritten laws – not required/ penalized - Domesticate animals - No longer nomadic 2. Beliefs – scientific/ non-scientific B. Rural 3. Symbols – representation as object/ gesture 1. Agricultural – tools for farming - Production of food increased 4. Language - Trade started 5. Values C. Urban 1. Industrial – machines --------------------------VIEWS ON CULTURE---------------------- - Food and other products 1. Ethnocentrism – we perceive our culture as better than others 2. Post-Industrial – technologies - Digitalization 2. Xenocentrism – we perceive other culture as - Info spread widely globally better than our own RELATIONSHIP OF HUMAN EVOLUTION TO SOCIAL 3. Cultural Relativism – understanding culture EVOLUTION from its own Human evolve the type the society also changes Human evolve, development on culture & LESSON 3: The Early Men and Different Stages of Society civilization also happens Needs human beings change & increases to ---------------THEORIES OF HUMAN EXISTENCE--------------- change in society 1. Theory of Creation – “human being we all Continue to develop created in the own image and likeliness of God” — Genesis 1  LESSON 4: Socialization -------------------------SOCIAL PROCESSES----------------------- 1. Enculturation – when our parents, school, Socialization – process of interacting with other friends, and media teach us about culture members of the society Ex. “po/opo” to respect elders - Based on communication of meaning & value - Process by which individual learns, internalizes, 2. Acculturation – when we adapt/ borrow some and practices culture parts of culture from other societies Social Roles – responsibilities that we need to play as a Ex. Adapting American/ Korean food member of the society 3. Assimilation – total adaptation of another Social Status – position to our society culture Ex. A person born from other society and ---------------------------TYPE OF STATUS-------------------------- migrated 1. Ascribed – given to us by birth and has no 4. Cooperation – help each other for common choice of choosing it good Ex. Religion, ethnicity, economic status Ex. Bayanihan 2. Achieved – can be obtain by choice if the 5. Differentiation – designated to a particular society practices an open-caste system function Ex. Grades, job Ex. Teachers in education, doctors in hospital ---------------------------------IN PAIR-------------------------------- 6. Amalgamation – 2 people become 1 (marriage) 1. Complementary Status Pair – pairs that behave Ex. Mother-in-law serves as your mother in different but compatible ways Ex. Teacher-student, parent-child, doctor- 7. Stratification – grouped/ classified based on patient their wealth Ex. Social class 2. Symmetrical Status Pair – pair plays similar roles 8. Conflict – struggle over values and claims of Ex. Friends, siblings, classmates scarce status (negatively affects the society) Ex. War, misunderstanding -------------------AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION------------------- 1. Family – introduces the things that we need to 9. Competition – struggle that can be translated to learn about the society innovation in the long run (positively) Ex. Customer service 2. School – widens our horizon about our society 3. Peer groups – experience things beyond what his/her family allows 4. Media – communication designed to reach general population