Correcting Past Exams PDF

decrease plasticity -...

decrease plasticity - ↓ dendritic branching hippocampal volume I 14 cell birth - bvolume of structure b ability to - HPA 18 regulate - toolipid soluble to be stored in vesicles 15 -> Functions of Opioids : - analgesia [pain relievery - made &, released - sleep [b insomnia] ON DEMAND anti-tussive [ bcough] S - > - affects glutamate , GABA Opioids, cannabinoid system , - regulates intestinal motility 19 · 14- refers to dexamethasone - dirty drug refers to a - suppression drug that affects multiple Est for MDD NT's/systems ↳ measures body's response to dexamethasone 55 I to test amount of CORTISOL produced cortisol /vis should b in normal response 17 -catecholamine-like · Chem similar , to dopamine &, norepine phrine addition of -OCHy group = psychedelic 18 ↳ BasalGanglia CB1 receptors entactogen drugs / stimulant thallucinogenic E - = Spinal cord CNS 14 properties - - Hippocampus - Hypothalamus 18 Synaptic Transmission - Cortex Lerebellum 2 - ↳ 19 ! Retrograde Message = inhibits release of neurotransmitter & From PRESYNAPTIC NEURON honest guessi 16 -REM is tied to body temp 18 - fat binding 20-withdrawal/negative affect stage "anti-reward" reward pathway becomes desensitized to reward idk why i put this ↑ negative mood , stress system activate 18- arachidonic acid is a fatty acid e pecursor of AEA B process A : analgesic - 20 & opposite of B : pain A process  15 -hypodermic administration of morphine in order to treat pain in soldiers > - - developed as [ - antiglutamatergic& It safer anesthetic - NMDA receptor > tricyclics BLOCK 14 - reuptake of serotonin &, norepinephrine - analgesic agents antagonist idk why i put this but also block Ach histamine & epinephrine , , receptors treatm. 20 for example agonist mixed up wh suboxone &, antabuse [ replace addictive - methadone - heroin drugw/ another uf 20- Preoccupation/Anticipation Stage Similar effect nic patch-cigs Hypofrontality - ↓ PFC activity - 3 LSD binds ; causes executive function/decision-making 17 - LSD 19 = Serotonergic catecholamines have impairment & agonist effects meneSin2hrs women- 4 in 2hrs SCN controls release of melatonin 16 - by pineal gland 16 * 100 cups blo lethal dose is * log ; Cup of coffee is 100 my pain gate 15 - dorsal root entry zone -external aka inside stimuli 17 this is bufotenine NOT mescaline 16 this is for "slow wave sleep" REM sleep is random fast, 16 Caffeine protects against : parkinsons , type z diabetes, cancer, alzheimers , cardiovascular disease - 19- inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase prolonging icky feeling i thought 197 Stomach part of is gastric system it waser 14- tricyclis BLOCK reuptake of serotonin &, horepinephrine Kinda guessed  17 18 20 17 14 , 14 , many glutamate receptors too little , glutamate > - 16 key points : - target multiple chemicals - activity of excitatory NT's like glutamate - ↑ activity of inhibitory NT'S like GABA 14 -> treatment of MDD key points : ↑ 3 BDNF luIs ↑ - neuro - cortisol lvIs plasticity - - inflammation ↑ dendritic branching -  nigrostriatal substantia nigra - striatum Dopamine ↳ meso telencephalic - telencephalon VTA serotonin -raphe nuclei 10 norepine pathway - ↳ locus coeruleus 10 Barbiturates REM , anti-convul ↳ anxiolytic, sleep-inducing nonalgesic , , suppress Sant 08 Glutamate has 2 receptors & NMDA receptor complex - 10 < tyrosine -> DOPA- > dopamine -> norepinephrine - AMPA/kainate 127 to striatum 08 & an undesirable effect of 13 disorders ; Treatments for Schizophrenia (FGA) * group of movement Anticonvulsants oa ! Phenobarbital [Barbiturate] - Described for - gabapentin (GABA analogue] epilepsy , bipolar disorder, > seizures - tiagabine [inhibits GAT-1] Chronic pain , ALC withdrawal , A Dopamine inactivator - - vigabatrin [disables GABA-T] anxiety 127 > 13 - 08 resicular 9 mate- decarboxylase transporter < 12 > - carbidopa peripheral dopa inhibitor = ↳ more dopa is left unconverted to dopamine glutamate can ↳ cross BIBB part of 08 uptaken by astrocytes& glutamates inactivation ↳ converted to glutamine 13 by glutamine synthetase · Abilify is a TGA > partial - agonist at D2 > normalizes dopamine activity - B blockers used 10 L and B are to & when too high or low norepinephrine - treat anxiety receptors 10-Dopaminetransporter sinhibited by cocaine 13 & amphetamine & neuroleptics = FGA reduce positive 09 E symptoms undesirablede of Schizophrenia, > - GABAa EPS makes () worse ? agonist-muscimol , benzodiazepines , barbiturates , ALL antagonist = picrotoxin , metrazol  104 EAAT-2 too b > - astrocytes uptake GAT-3 , GABA-T , & EAAT-1 12! lack of cells /nevons in 10 substantia nigra DAT aids in - inactivating dopamine by reuptaking into PRE-SYNAPTIC neuron 08 Og due luls of Cazt 09 to an influx of high GABA & synthesis glutamate - GABA 12 dopamine doesn't GAD 09 body uses dopamine cross BBB) which why it can't be administered is GHB "date rape" & drug synthetic form E globus pallidus of endogenous or subthalamic nucleus neurotransmitter 11 T mimic effects of sympathetic 10 nervous system > autoreceptors - on For exf> in dopamine presynaptic ! 13 of symptom FGA treatment for Schizophrenia > 09 ! - reversible when discontinued 08 ! 09 !  13412 & 13 - - 110 13, 709 Vesicular transporters Barbiturates Benzodiazepines - located on resicular membrane Both : Enhance & are anxiolytic binding of GABA - package neurotransmitters vesicles into Diff : Barbs can open Cl-channel , & then release Benzo's cannot - If UT's are blocked , NT's cannot be & packaged NOR released = Antagonist Effect Reuptake Transporters: located membrane - on presynaptic clear NT from NT synapse by moving - back into membrane presynaptic If BLOCKED NT's Synapse LONGER are in C+ ) - 13 Symp something (Hallucinations , > presence of - & interact w) post-synaptic receptors () Symp something (Anhedonia > - absence of = Agonist Effect ↑ dopamine activity in mesotelencephalic (t) = symptoms Thorazine = D2 antagonist = CH) symptoms ↑ decreases dopamine in BOTH systems= movement issues * Passive Diffusion & - small , uncharged molecules [] - fat-soluble molecules [DRUGS] BBB- > protects brain from stuff carried in blood 03 04 -drugs cross via this S Ligands - neurotransmitters - newotrophins - drugs  Placebo-produce a physiological response ↳ 11 nocebo" = inert substance & 05 that produces effect negative outside in body 03 -like how it metabolizes exogenous chem. endogenous chemicals drugs neurotransmitters, ou - - hormones 07 - - neurotrophins > CyP-2A6 - is an enzyme that metabolizes NKOTINE 02 & 02 > - Acetylcholine cholinergic Pathways y - Basal Forebrain ChAT Pathways Adrenal glands detect ACTH in & ba blood-release cortisol ⑮ synthesizes septal nuclei nucleusbasalis Ach 03 > - less lipid soluble via biotransformation 03 < 61/2 lives) - for complete metabolism 07 agonist ! Chantix makes smoking less satisfying = 18 - partial > - blocks nic access 3x6 - occupies receptor (preventing with drawal reduces parasymp & X Parasympathetic Clack of saliva stimulation. > opposite - athetic activity 302 K+ ions LEAVING neuron = IPSP mixed wh Cl- up Cl ENTERING neuron IPSP - ions = Effect Effect !! ou Antagonist Agonist Nations ENTERING heuron = EPSP exerts no effect drug binds receptor , except block site resulting in cellular response 02 > Habit - Circuit-rewarding activity Babygirl autopilot becomes habitual 06 parasymp - X sympathetic Somatic  connects - > 06 mach found in nicotine - brain - smooth muscle > nAch found in NMJ ↑ stomach acid is - - heart 07 ↑ intestinal contracted nAch found in ions - brain - NMJ - autonomic ganglia Ol due to carbon monoxide 01 idk 07 Nic doesn't directly cause cancer enteral tractatal 07 ↳ GI metabolite is cotinine 03 parenteral & ↳ NOT via GI tract > not - sure where this was inhalation, mucosa, transdermal , injection 05 an agonist prolongs effects of a neuro transmitter 7 I think found on cell presynaptic can be T either/or 04 > - Ach is released in NMJ 19 regardless of species [ useda ALL 05 ! ·Fi close - 0 close- Potency - R2D2 b than C300 (curve closer to 0 Max. Effect/Efficacy-similar for both LD therapeutic index EDso > - = ratio fo C3PO is larger so safer than R2D2 P +i = P safety  05 Tolerance I response to drugw/ : repeated exposure mechanisms metabolic : I in that break down the drug enzymes cellular : change in receptor numbers OY & 06 · Atropine is a MUSCARINIC antagonist Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (hAchR) = No Interaction 06 Myasthenia Gravis ↳ autoimmune disorder causes & that attacks Ach receptors muscle weakness treated w/ AchE - inhibitors that do not cross BBB ↳ pyridostigmine [Mestinon]