RCP 122 Exam Two Study Guide PDF

RCP 122: Fundamental of RC 06 October 2024 Exam Two Study Guide How are oxygen devices categorized? By design: low flow, high flow, enclosures What are low-flow oxygen devices?...

RCP 122: Fundamental of RC 06 October 2024 Exam Two Study Guide How are oxygen devices categorized? By design: low flow, high flow, enclosures What are low-flow oxygen devices? Nasal cannula Nasal catheter Simple mask Partial rebreathing and non-rebreathing mask What are high-flow oxygen devices? Air-entrainment (venturi) mask Aerosol devices High flow nasal cannula Manual resuscitators What devices are considered to be enclosures? Oxy-hood Isolette Tent A high-flow oxygen device can be used to _________ or _________ a patient’s inspiratory demand. Meets or exceeds What does FIO2 stand for? Fraction of Inspired Oxygen What is a variable FIO2? Systems that apply only a portion of inspired gas What are the factors that control FIO2? Capacity of O2 reservoir O2 flow rate Patient's ventilatory pattern Name the advantages of a “low-flow” device. More comfortable Decreased cost Some forms don’t have to be removed to eat or spit Be able to calculate the expected FiO2 for a patient on a nasal cannula.  FIO2 = (4xLPM) + 20 FIO2 range = 22-40% What are the factors that can adversely affect a nasal cannula’s ability to deliver FiO2? Decreased nasal patency decreases FIO2 Mouth breathing decreases FIO2 Poorly fitted nasal cannula Know the characteristics of a HHFNC. Flow rate can range form 8-60 LPM Attached to a blender and humidifier Used to deliver high FIO2 or CPAP Most commonly used for moderate respiratory distress An efficient humidifier must be used to prevent drying of upper airway Know the characteristics of a simple mask. Moderate concentration Generally for short term treatment Uncomfortable Can increase risk of aspiration Never use < 5 LPM Delivers viable FIO2 Know the characteristics of a non-rebreather mask. Has a one-way valve to prevent air entrainment (prevents exhaled air from re-entering Used for emergencies Requires a high flow rate, around 10-15 LPM What are the advantages of “high-flow” devices? The patient's ventilatory pattern does not affect FIO2 Temperature & humidity of inspired gas can be controlled Reduces work of breathing What are the possible interfaces of an aerosol device? Face mask Face tent Mouthpiece Nasal cannula Tracheostomy/endotracheal tube Nebulizer mask Be able to calculate the air to oxygen ratio. Air:O2 = (100-FIO2) / (FIO2 - 20)  Be able to calculate total parts and total flow. Total parts = Air:O2 + 1 Total flow = Total parts x O2V How will downstream resistance affect the FiO2 delivered to the patient with an entrainment/aerosol system? High flow nasal cannula? Increased FIO2 on high flow nasal cannula changes in the O2 flow doesn’t What is hyperbaric therapy and what is it used for? Exposure to pressure greater than atmospheric while breathing 100% O2 It’s used to improve hemoglobin’s ability to carry/transport oxygen and improve the bodies ability to heal itself What is Nitric Oxide therapy and what is it used for? “Selective” Pulmonary Vasodilator: specifically dilates the blood vessels in the lungs It's used to relax smooth muscle capillaries, decrease pulmonary vascular resistance, and improves pulmonary blood flow What is Heliox therapy and what is it used for? Helium is used to bind with oxygen It improves gas mobility around airway obstructions so it allows for greater diffusion What is sub-ambient/nitrogen gas therapy and what is it used for? Uses nitrogen to treat decompression sickness What all oxygen devices can be used with a bubble humidifier? Nasal cannula What happens to FiO2 delivered to a patient during rapid/deep breathing on a low-flow device? The FIO2 decreases What happens to FiO2 delivered to a patient during rapid/deep breathing on a high-flow device? The FIO2 stays the same How do you know what O2 flow to run your NRB at? The NRB needs a high flow rate of around 10 to 15 LPM because the reservoir bag needs to be inflated. This allows for the patient to get a high concentration of oxygen. It’s also used in emergency situations to provide immediate high-flow oxygen to stabilize the patient.  The DO2 or delivery of oxygen to the cells primarily depends on what? Arterial O2 content Cardiac output (total amount of blood flow leaving What is the arterial O2 content primarily determined by? Arterial pressure of O2 in the blood Amount of hemoglobin and it’s O2 saturation Define hypoxia. An abnormal deficiency of oxygen in arterial blood Define hypoxemia. An abnormal condition in which the oxygen available to the body’s cells are inadequate to meet the metabolic needs What are the goals of O2 therapy? Correctly documented or suspected acute hypoxemia Decrease the symptoms associated with chronic hypoxemia Decrease the workload hypoxemia imposes on the cardiopulmonary system Decrease work of breathing What are the indications for O2 therapy? Documented hypoxemia (low levels of oxygen) Adults, children, and infants (> 28 days) PaO2 < 60 mmHg or SaO2 < 90% Neonates PaO2 < 50 mmHg and SaO2 < 88% Acute care situations with suspected hypoxemia (if there is a suspicion, oxygen therapy may be initiated) Severe trauma Acute MI (myocardial infarction) Short-term therapy What type of patient is at the greatest risk of oxygen induced hypoventilation? COPD patients What type of patient is at the greatest risk for retro-lental fibroplasia? Complications only occurs in premature infants Define absorption atelectasis. Oxygen rapidly diffuses into the bloodstream and the alveolus decrease until they collapse What is pulmonary oxygen toxicity? Harmful effects that result from exposure to high partial pressure of O2 The lung is exposed more than any other organ What is an indexing system used for?  Prevents accidental interchange of gases What are reducing valves used for? Reduce high pressure in a gas cylinder to a working pressure What are regulators used for? Controls the pressure and flow of gases Reducing valve + flow measuring device What are direct acting valves used for? Used on high pressure cylinders What types of cylinders use an American Standard Safety System? Large cylinders High press connection (>200 PSI) What types of cylinders use a Pin Index Safety System? Small cylinders Can be high press What is a Diameter Index Safety System? Physically similar to ASSS but used with low pressures Low pressure device connection (E) and has a low melting point allow “disk” To release gas pressures safely Be able to do a tank calculation. (PSIG x CF) / LPM