Grade 9 Final Exam Review - June 21, 2024 PDF

GRADE 9 REVIEW Period 3 EXAM - Friday June 21, 2024 - Room 253 Hand in this review sheet on the day of final exam, with ALL questions answered, and receive 5 bonus marks on your exam. 1. List and describe 4 types of natural family planning. tracking peri...

GRADE 9 REVIEW Period 3 EXAM - Friday June 21, 2024 - Room 253 Hand in this review sheet on the day of final exam, with ALL questions answered, and receive 5 bonus marks on your exam. 1. List and describe 4 types of natural family planning. tracking periods to see when you're most fertile and avoiding sex or using condoms on those days. Describe 4 types of artificial methods. condoms, birth control pills, birth control patches and female condoms. What is the position of the Church on artificial methods? Why? no because abstinence is the absolute best method to avoid STIs and unintended pregnancies 2. Name 3 common diseases associated with the male and female reproductive system. genital herpes, gonorrhea and syphilis. Should a young male worry about testicular cancer? Why? yes because it is the most common cancer found in men between the ages of 20 and 35. The disease comes with few or no symptoms, but it is highly treatable if caught early. 3. What are Four characteristics of a good relationship? communication, trust, respect and boundaries. What are Four characteristics of a mentally healthy person?They make their own decisions, they feel good about themselves, they are comfortable with other people and they are emotionally stable. 4. Define abstinence. Abstinence is Refraining from any form of sexual activity that could result in pregnancy or transmission of an STI (Sexually Transmitted Infection) What are the advantages or good reasons to practice abstinence? It is The only way to 100% avoid pregnancy & the best protection against STIs. Are there any disadvantages? It might be hard to stay abstinent for some people. Why is it difficult for teens to practice abstinence? Peer pressure and other things sometimes can make it hard for teens to decide to practice abstinence. 5. Which STI’s are caused by viruses? human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes (HSV or herpes simplex virus), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and Hepatitis B. What is AIDS? How is it caused? Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency  syndrome (AIDS). When a person becomes infected with HIV, the virus attacks and weakens the immune system. As the immune system weakens, the person is at risk for getting life-threatening infections and cancers. 6. What are four unhealthy eating behaviours? Give one reason why each is unhealthy. Eating close to bedtime- causes heartburn, weight gain, and worse sleep. Skipping meals-Causes the body to lower its metabolism (how much energy it needs to function) eating too fast- means you swallow more air, which can cause bloating and gas. stress eating- increased food consumption, fat storage and weight gain. 7. Name the FIVE nutrients our bodies need. Briefly explain the importance of each nutrient. Give examples of foods for each nutrient. What is the difference between macronutrients? and micronutrients? Give examples for each.Nutritional Overview 1. Carbohydrates: Primary source of energy, fuel for the central nervous system and muscles. Examples include grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes. 2. Proteins: Crucial for building and repairing tissues, making enzymes and hormones, and supporting immune function. Examples include meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, nuts, and seeds. 3. Fats: Provide energy, support cell growth, protect organs, and help the body absorb nutrients. Sources include avocados, nuts, seeds, olive oil, fatty fish, and dairy products. 4. Vitamins: Essential for various biochemical reactions in the body, including metabolism, immune function, and maintaining healthy skin and vision. Examples include fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and meats. 5. Minerals: Necessary for building strong bones and teeth, maintaining muscle function, and supporting nerve function and overall metabolism. Examples include dairy products, seafood, leafy greens, and whole grains. 6. Difference between Macronutrients and Micronutrients: Macronutrients provide energy and support bodily functions, while micronutrients regulate processes within cells and support the immune system. 8. Which nutrients provide energy for the body? How many calories do each nutrient  provide per gram? Carbohydrates: Provide 4 calories per gram, the primary energy source. They are broken down into glucose, used by cells. Proteins: Provide 4 calories per gram, serving as building blocks for tissues and a secondary energy source. Fats: Provide 9 calories per gram, a concentrated energy source. They are stored in adipose tissue and broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. Fats are an efficient energy storage form due to their high caloric density. 9. Define resiliency. Define bullying and give examples. How can resilience help someone Who is bullied? Resilience: Refers to the ability to recover from adversity, challenges, or setbacks. Involves psychological strength, emotional toughness, and effective coping with stress. Demonstrates perseverance, optimism, problem-solving skills, and a sense of purpose. Bullying: Aggressive behavior involving a power imbalance. Can take various forms: physical, verbal, social, or psychological. Can include physical, verbal, social, and cyberbullying. Resilience's Benefits to Bullied Individuals: Helps manage emotions and maintain calmness. Enhances problem-solving skills. Fosters self-confidence and self-esteem. Provides social support from trusted individuals. Enables adaptability and flexibility in responding to challenges. 10. How do you calculate YOUR maximum heart rate? How do you calculate the target zone? What are the lower and upper limits of the target zone? What would be the maximum heart rate of a 30 year old male? What would be his lower and upper limit heart rates?  Calculating Maximum Heart Rate (MHR) and Target Heart Rate (THR) Maximum Heart Rate (MHR): MHR = 220 - 15= 205 bpm For a 30-year-old male, MHR is 190 beats per minute (bpm). Target Heart Rate (THR): Target heart rate zone calculated using a percentage range of MHR. Ranges include: - Moderate Intensity (50-70% of MHR): Lower Limit = 190 bpm. - Vigorous Intensity (70-85% of MHR): Lower Limit = 133 bpm. Summary: MHR for a 30-year-old male: 190 bpm. THR Zones: 95 bpm (lower) to 133 bpm (upper). These ranges guide exercise intensity during aerobic activities. 11. What are the benefits of exercise? Physical Benefits: Improved Cardiovascular Health: Strengthens heart and improves circulation, reducing risk of heart attacks and stroke. Weight Management: Helps burn calories and maintain a healthy weight. Muscle Strength and Endurance: Increases muscle strength and endurance, enhancing overall physical performance. Bone Health: Maintains bone density and reduces the risk of osteoporosis. Improved Flexibility and Mobility: Stretching exercises and activities like yoga or Pilates improve flexibility and mobility. Enhanced Respiratory Function: Regular aerobic exercise improves lung capacity and efficiency. Mental and Emotional Benefits: Stress Relief: Triggers release of endorphins, promoting feelings of well-being and reducing pain perception. Improved Sleep: Improves sleep quality and helps regulate sleep patterns.  Boosted Cognitive Function: Enhances cognitive abilities such as memory, attention, and learning. Increased Energy Levels: Improves circulation and oxygen delivery. Enhanced Self-Esteem and Confidence: Achieving fitness goals and improving physical appearance through exercise can enhance self-esteem and confidence. Social Interaction: Provides opportunities for social interaction and improves social skills and relationships. Long-Term Health Benefits: Reduced Risk of Chronic Diseases: Regular exercise lowers the risk of chronic conditions. Improved Immune Function: Moderate exercise boosts the immune system. Increased Longevity: Active lifestyle is associated with increased life expectancy and higher quality of life. 12. What are four components of fitness? Cardiorespiratory Endurance: Refers to the heart, lungs, and circulatory system's ability to deliver oxygen-rich blood to muscles during sustained physical activity. Muscular Strength: Involves the maximal force a muscle or muscle group can generate. Exercises like weightlifting, resistance training, and bodyweight exercises improve muscular strength. Muscular Endurance: Relates to the ability of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against resistance for extended periods. Activities like circuit training, high-repetition weightlifting, or endurance sports improve muscular endurance. Flexibility: Refers to the range of motion available at a joint or group of joints. Stretching exercises and activities like yoga or Pilates enhance flexibility by improving muscle elasticity and joint mobility. 13. What does the FITT formula stand for? Explain each part. FITT Formula in Exercise and Fitness FITT stands for: - Frequency: Defines how often you exercise or engage in physical activity each week. - Frequency can vary based on fitness goals, current fitness level, and type of exercise. - Intensity: Defines how hard you exercise or the level of effort exerted.  - Intensity can be measured using heart rate, perceived exertion, or specific metrics like METs. - Time (or Duration): Defines the duration or length of time spent during each exercise session. - Time can range from 20 minutes to an hour or more for aerobic activities, to 30-60 minutes for strength training. - Type: Defines the specific kind or mode of exercise performed. - Example Application: Improve cardiovascular fitness. FITT helps create a structured and effective exercise program that addresses specific fitness goals while ensuring progression and adherence to a balanced workout routine. 14. STUDY CPR MATERIAL – chain of survival, the 4 R’s, risk factors for heart disease, signs of a heart attack (5 Ps)and stroke, choking, proper procedure in performing CPR etc. Chain of Survival: Early Recognition and Activation: Identify signs of cardiac arrest and activate emergency services. Early CPR: Initiate chest compressions and rescue breathing to circulate oxygenated blood. Early Defibrillation: Use an automated external defibrillator (AED) to restore normal heart rhythm. Early Advanced Care: Provide advanced medical care and transport to a hospital with cardiac care facilities. The 4 R’s of CPR: Recognition: Recognize signs of cardiac arrest or emergency. Response: Call for help (activate emergency services). Resuscitation: Start CPR (begin chest compressions and rescue breaths). Recovery: Provide ongoing care and support until advanced medical help arrives. Risk Factors for Heart Disease: High blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, family history of heart disease, physical inactivity, and poor diet.  Signs of a Heart Attack (5 Ps): Pain: Chest pain or discomfort. Paleness: Skin pallor. Pulse: Irregular pulse or rapid heartbeat. Perspiration: Profuse sweating. Problems: Shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or feeling faint. Signs of Stroke (FAST): Face drooping or numbness. Arm weakness or numbness. Speech difficulty, slurred speech, or difficulty understanding speech. Time to call emergency services if observed. Choking: Perform the Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrusts) if someone is choking. Proper Procedure in Performing CPR: Check for responsiveness, call for help, open the airway, check for breathing, start CPR, use an AED, and continue CPR cycles. 15. KNOW BASIC RULES AND SKILL PERFORMANCE FOR FOOTBALL, VOLLEYBALL, BASKETBALL, BADMINTON, SOCCER Football (Soccer): **Rules:** 1. Played between two teams of 11 players each. 2. Objective is to score by getting the ball into the opponent's goal. 3. Players cannot use their hands or arms, except the goalkeeper within their penalty area. Skills:** 1. **Dribbling:** Controlling the ball while moving. 2. **Passing:** Distributing the ball to teammates. 3. **Shooting:** Striking the ball towards the goal. 4. **Defending:** Intercepting passes and tackling opponents. ### Volleyball: **Rules:** 1. Played between two teams of 6 players each. 2. Objective is to score points by grounding the ball on the opponent's court. 3. Each team has three hits to return the ball over the net. **Skills:** 1. **Serve:** Initiating play by hitting the ball over the net. 2. **Set:** Positioning the ball for a teammate to spike. 3. **Spike:** Attacking the ball forcefully into the opponent's court. 4. **Block:** Defending against spikes at the net. ### Basketball: **Rules:** 1. Played between two teams of 5 players each. 2. Objective is to score by shooting the ball through the opponent's hoop. 3. Players cannot run with the ball (dribble) without dribbling it. **Skills:** 1. **Dribbling:** Moving with the ball while maintaining control. 2. **Shooting:** Throwing the ball into the hoop from various distances. 3. **Passing:** Transferring the ball to teammates effectively. 4. **Defense:** Guarding opponents to prevent scoring. ### Badminton: **Rules:** 1. Played between two (singles) or four (doubles) players. 2. Objective is to score points by hitting the shuttlecock over the net into the opponent's court. 3. The shuttlecock must not touch the ground. **Skills:** 1. **Serve:** Starting the rally by serving the shuttlecock over the net. 2. **Clear:** Hitting the shuttlecock high and to the back of the opponent's court. 3. **Drop shot:** Placing the shuttlecock softly just over the net. 4. **Smash:** Hitting the shuttlecock forcefully downwards into the opponent's court.