Drugs - Science - 6 Notes PDF

Substance Use, Addictions and Related Behaviours Be Drug Free – Grade 6  SLIDESMANIA.COM What is DRUGS? ❏ DRUGS is a chemical substance that is administered or taken to incite a biological effect in t...

Substance Use, Addictions and Related Behaviours Be Drug Free – Grade 6  SLIDESMANIA.COM What is DRUGS? ❏ DRUGS is a chemical substance that is administered or taken to incite a biological effect in the body of an organism. ❏ It may be pharmacological in nature (used for health-related purposes) or recreational (which are mostly psychoactive) ❏ substances that change a person's mental or physical state.  What are Legal and Illegal Drugs? Legal drugs can be prescribed by doctors or health care providers and are sold in stores. Are known as over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription (Rx) drugs. This can include alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine, which are all legal drugs. Illegal drugs refer to drugs that are not prescribed by a licensed medical professional, such as a doctor.  Legal Drugs Prescription Medications – These are prescribed to you by a health care provider or doctor. Over the Counter (OTC) medication, such as Tylenol or Advil. Alcohol, Tobacco, – Must be over 19 years of age to purchase or use.  Illegal Drugs Illegal drugs are often harmful and are drugs that are not prescribed to you by a healthcare provider. Illegal drugs are also called “street drugs”. Some illegal drugs are ecstasy (MDMA), heroin, cocaine, opioids, and methamphetamine (i.e., meth). Mental Health and Substance Use Substance use and mental health have shown to be connected. Mental illnesses may lead to substance use and addiction. Long-term drug use can lead to the development of mental illness.  Addiction An addiction is an urge to do something that is hard to control or stop. People can have many different types of addictions, being addicted to drugs is only one type.  Facts about Drug Use Over-the-Counter Drugs ○ Medicine that is sold WITHOUT a doctor’s prescription. ○ Can be harmful if directions are not followed. Prescription Drugs ○ Can only get with a written order from a doctor. ○ Higher potential for harm than OTC drugs. Illegal Drugs ○ Chemical substance that people may to make, possess, buy, consume, or distribute Drug Misuse ○ Improper use of medicine. Drug Abuse ○ Drug that is INTENTIONALLY used improperly.  Drugs and Substances The main types of drugs affecting how a person thinks, feels and behaves are: Pharmaceutical Psychoactive  SLIDESMANIA.COM DRUG (Pharmaceutical & Psychoactive )  SLIDESMANIA.COM Understanding the terms: Pharmaceutic Psycho activ al edrugs are Psychoactive a substance used to substances that, when taken in or administered into one's prevent or cure a disease system, affect mental or ailment or to alleviate processes. any drug that has significant its symptoms effects on psychological processes, such as thinking, perception, and emotion.  slow brain activity (tranquilizer,sedatives SLIDESMANIA.COM CNS Depressant and hypnotics C À drugs is associated with increased heart rate, CNS Stimulants T alertness, and heightened energy E G drugs includes substances that alter Hallucinogens perception, mood, and various cognitive R I processes E Dissociative causes people to feel separated or detached S Anesthetics from their body or physical environment O F Narcotic pain relievers for treatment of moderate Analgesics D pain to severe pain R Inhalants substances that produce chemical vapors that can U be inhaled to induce a psychoactive, or G mind-altering, effect S Cannabis a psychoactive drug from the cannabis plant.  SLIDESMANIA.COM Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressant for calming and relaxing effects on the CNS These drugs can slow /decrease mental/physical activity, making them useful for treating anxiety, panic, acute stress reactions, and sleep disorders  SLIDESMANIA.COM Depressants Depressant ○ A psychoactive drug that slows the brain and body reactions ○ Barbiturates Small doses act as a sedative Large Doses will induce sleep Abuser Walks slowly, and will slur speech. ○ CNS Depressant Slows the central nervous system Used to be called a tranquilizer May be prescribed to treat: Anxiety Muscle spasms Sleep disorders  SLIDESMANIA.COM Depressants Opiates ○ Drugs made from the seeds of poppy plants ○ Medically used to relieve pain and dull senses. ○ Heroin An opiate that is made from morphine. Highly addictive, and a high rate of overdose.  SLIDESMANIA.COM Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressant Effects Symptoms -slurred speech -poor concentration muscle weakness -confusion -headache disorientation -light-headedness -dizziness stuttering restlessness and agitation -dry mouth -slowed breathing blurred, altered, or double -problems with movement and memory vision reduced heart rate -lowered blood pressure problems with thought, memory, and judgment  SLIDESMANIA.COM Central Nervous System (CNS) Stimulants - includes caffeine, nicotine, and amphetamines - associated with increased heart rate, alertness, and heightened energy - it stimulate the brain by speeding up both mental and physical processes by increasing energy, improve attention and alertness, and elevate blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate  Stimulants Stimulants ○ Speeds up activities of the central nervous system. ○ May be prescribed to treat various disorders ○ Amphetamines Prescription drugs that can be sold illegally “Speed”, “uppers” Hard crash when the drug wears off User wants to take another to get “up” again. ○ Methamphetamine Made from various over-the-counter ingredients in a meth lab Highly addictive, with devastating side effects. ○ Cocaine A powerful, short-acting stimulant Rehabs.com Highly addictive May cause seizures, heart attack, respiratory failure “Free-basing” Turns cocaine into crack  SLIDESMANIA.COM Central Nervous System (CNS) Stimulants Effects Symptoms - Euphoria - Decreased appetite Symptoms include - Talkativeness talkativeness and - Energy nervousness, which can - Increased concentration progress to significant anxiety - Difficulty sleeping and aggression. - Nervousness - Increased pulse and blood pressure  SLIDESMANIA.COM Hallucinogens * characterized by their ability to alter mood and perception, often causing a distorted sense of reality * also called as "Psychedelic drugs” *make a person see, feel and hear things that aren't real, or distort their interpretation of what's going on around them  SLIDESMANIA.COM Hallucinogens Drug that distorts, perception, thought and mood. ○ No medical use Three main kinds ○ LSD ○ Psilocybin (mushrooms) ○ PCP  SLIDESMANIA.COM Hallucinogens Effects Symptoms *hallucinations and distorted perception, including visual, auditory, body, time and space * nausea, elevated sense of perception, increased heart *increased body temperature and rate, loss of appetite, sweating, may alternate with chills and shivering problems sleeping, dry mouth, panic, anxiety, agitation, paranoia and feelings of panic  SLIDESMANIA.COM Dissociative Anesthetics - also known as “dissociatives” meaning detached from reality/body/environment - can also cause hallucinations and other changes in thoughts, emotions and consciousness  SLIDESMANIA.COM Dissociative Anesthetics Effects Symptoms - drowsiness, - slow ineffective breathing, - respiratory depression, causes amnesia - pain relief (memory loss) - increased heart rate and analgesia - anesthesia - amnesia and loss of muscle control, (pain-relief) - as well as cognitive and memory impairment.  SLIDESMANIA.COM Narcotic Analgesics -prescription pain relievers ordered for treatment of moderate pain to severe pain. -used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation  SLIDESMANIA.COM Narcotic Analgesics Effects Symptoms -Constipation. - Breathing difficulty. sedation, euphoria, respiratory -Itching or a skin rash. depression, constipation, and -Loss of appetite. physical dependence -Low blood pressure. -Nausea and vomiting. -Problems with urination.  SLIDESMANIA.COM Inhalants -various products easily bought and found in the home or workplace—such as spray paints, markers, glues, and cleaning fluids etc. - it contain dangerous substances that have psychoactive (mind-altering) properties  SLIDESMANIA.COM Inhalants Effects Symptoms - feeling disorientated - initial “rush” or “high” -increased coordination - feeling of wellbeing -visual distortions - lowered inhibitions -excited, euphoric, giggling and laughing - nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea -agitated, uneasy and aggressive - bloodshot eyes -hallucinations and delusions - increased confidence which can -confusion and disorientation lead to risky behaviour -headaches - blackout, convulsions, coma.  SLIDESMANIA.COM Cannabis -Cannabis (marijuana) is commonly used as a recreational drug. People also commonly use cannabis for multiple sclerosis (MS) and nerve pain. I - products that are made from the dried flowers, leaves, stems and seeds of the cannabis plant (cannabis sativa).  Cannabis Cannabis, also known as weed (pot, marijuana), comes in many different forms. Cannabis is smoked in joints and pipes, consumed in foods or beverages, and used in creams or oils. Cannabis comes from a plant called a sativa plant. Potential Negative Effects of Cannabis Use Increased hunger Loss of coordination – difficulty walking, running, or balancing Hallucinations – seeing things that aren’t real Memory loss Decreased concentration Lung disease Cannabis smoke contains carcinogens (cancer causing agents)  SLIDESMANIA.COM Cannabis Effects Symptoms -Bloodshot eyes - Dry mouth. a pleasant euphoria Increased appetite. sense of relaxation Fatigue and lethargy. Excessive sleepiness. laughter, Impaired balance. altered perception of time, Poor coordination. and increased appetite Lack of attention to grooming and hygiene.