Ch 16 Key Terms PDF

Ch 16 Key Terms 17. Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems: written by Galileo, discusses the ideas of geocentric and heliocentric universe and Identifications:...

Ch 16 Key Terms 17. Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems: written by Galileo, discusses the ideas of geocentric and heliocentric universe and Identifications: their theories. 1. “God’s handiwork” 18. the Inquisition: Spanish wanting Jews and Muslims out of Spain 2. “natural philosophers” : early greek philosophers who studied the natural world 19. Isaac Newton: created universal laws of gravitation, calculus, 3. alchemy and hermetic magic : scientist practiced it, 20. Principia: Book written by issac Newton that displays his wanted to turn things into Gold universal law of motion. 4. Ptolemaic universe, earth is center of universe, 21. universal law of gravitation : every particle attracts eachother witney everything surrounding it 22. Galen: ancient greek, studied medicine, believed in four 5. Aristotle : greek philosopher, first scientist humors were reasons for sickness 6. geocentric universe : earth is center of the universe 23. four bodily humors: phlegm, blood, yellow and black bile 9. Nicolaus Copernicus : realized the universe was heliocentric 24. Paracelsus: realized sickness were caused by chemical imbalances, started with using minerals in medicine 10. On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres : book dedicated to church by copernicus, stated idea of heliocentric universe. 26. Andreas Vesalius: studied anatomy through dissections, created accurate (male) diagram of the body 11. heliocentric universe : sun is center of universe 27. On the Fabric of the Human Body: vesalius, draws and writes about anatomy 12.Tycho Brahe: typhoinic system 28. William Harvey: blood circulation is throughout body 13. Johannes Kepler: heliocentric, created laws of planetary 29. On the Motion of the Heart and Blood: william harvey's book motion on blood circulation 14. three laws of planetary motion 30. Robert Boyle: chemist, law of gasses, volume of gas decreases with pressure First Law: Planets orbit the Sun in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus. 32. Margaret Cavendish: female author and natural philosopher, wrote about gender Second Law: The imaginary line connecting a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas of space in equal time intervals. 33. Maria Sibylla Merian: described metamorphosis Third Law: The squares of the orbital periods of planets are 34. Maria Winkelmann: astronomer, first women to discover a directly proportional to the cubes of the semi-major axes of their comet orbits. 35. querelles des femmes: the woman question, debate on the 15. Galileo Galilei: “invented” the telescope, realized moon had worth of women and misogynist claims craters 36. Rene Descartes: think therefore i am, deductive reasoning 16. The Starry Messenger : Galileo publishes on observations made by telescope 37. Discourse on Method:descarte trying to explain reasoning through difficult problems 38. “I think therefore I am”; descarte 39. Descartes’ deductive method: broad generalizations, to specifics 40. Scientific Method: systematic approach to gaining knowledge through observation, experimentation, and analysis 41. Francis Bacon’s inductive method: specific ideas, to broader audience 42. “to conquer nature in action”: Bacon. To control everything 43. Benedict de Spinoza’s pantheism: idea God and nature are one entity 44. Ethics Demonstrated in the Geometrical Manner: philosophic treatise, focuses on nature of God, and human happiness pursuit 45. Blaise Pascal: created foundation of probabilities, says of we cannot prove existence of God, it is better to wager on him being real then not 46. Pensees: Blaise Pascal wanting people to convert to Christianity 47. English Royal Society; hub for scientists, helped them collaborate and share ideas 48. French Royal Academy of Sciences: promoting scientific research and development in france under the patronage of King louis XIV