Unit 3 Industrial Revolution Review Sheet PDF

Unit 3: The Industrial Revolution Review Sheet TABLE OF CONTENTS Unit: Topics: Industrial Revolution Causes & Effects Unit 3: Industrial Capitalism...

Unit 3: The Industrial Revolution Review Sheet TABLE OF CONTENTS Unit: Topics: Industrial Revolution Causes & Effects Unit 3: Industrial Capitalism Communism Revolution The Irish Potato Famine Causes & Effects  The Industrial Revolution I. The Industrial Revolution (1700s-1800s) A) The Industrial Revolution was the change from producing goods by hand to producing goods with machines in factories B) It started in Great Britain because it had many natural resources (i.e.- coal, iron, tin, lead, waterways) that are necessary to produce and transport goods. The Agricultural Revolution caused less farmers to be needed and the population increased due to increased food production. The Enclosure Movement made farmland more productive but forced many small farmers to seek work in the cities. C) Key effects of the Industrial Revolution: 1) Industrialization: Machines were used to produce goods in factories The Domestic System was replaced by the Factory System New Technology (especially steam engines) helped produce goods faster and cheaper 2) Urbanization: The growth of cities. People came to urban (city) areas to get jobs in factories. Many cities had severe pollution from the smoke that came out of factories 3) Bad working conditions: Workers in factories worked in dangerous conditions for long hours and low pay. Young children were frequently hired and abused in these factories 4) Labor Unions: Workers formed labor unions (organizations of workers) that fought to improve the pay and working conditions 5) Legislation: Governments eventually passed laws to set minimum wage and end child labor D) Laissez Faire Capitalism: This was the economic system that was used during the Industrial Revolution (and that is still used in most of the world today). It was based on the following ideas: 1) Businesses and factories should be owned by individuals (NOT the government) 2) Business decisions should be made by Individuals (the government should NOT interfere) 3) Prices should be set by individuals (NOT the government) based on supply and demand Adam Smith wrote the “Wealth of Nations” in support of Capitalism. The goal of Capitalism is profit E) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels 1) Marx & Engels believed that laissez faire capitalism was bad. They argued that it allowed greedy factory owners to exploit (take advantage) of poor factory workers. They wrote the “Communist Manifesto” that said the following: a) All of history has been about class struggles b) During the Industrial Revolution, wealthy and greedy factory owners (Bourgeoisie) were taking advantage of the poor factory workers (the Proletariat) c) The Proletariat should rise up, overthrow the bourgeoisie in a violent revolution, and eliminate laissez-faire capitalism. d) The Proletariat could then create a new kind of society where work and wealth was shared equally by everyone (and where social classes no longer existed) 2) The ideas of Marx and Engels eventually became the foundation (basis) of Communism. Countries that became Communist (like the Soviet Union and China) were inspired by the writings of Marx and Engels The Irish Potato Famine A) In 1801, Great Britain took over Ireland B) Potato Famine 1) 1845-1850 - About 1 million Irish people died of famine (starvation) when the potato crops failed to grow 2) Over 1 million Irish people migrated (moved) to the United States to escape the famine and find more opportunities 3) Due to feelings of nationalism, many people in Ireland did not want to be ruled by Great Britain. They wanted independence.