Contemporary World - GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PDF

Contemporary World GLOBAL GOVERNANCE Economic Globalization - Sum of laws, norms, policies, and institutions that define, constitute, and mediate transborder relations between states, cultures, citizens, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations...

Contemporary World GLOBAL GOVERNANCE Economic Globalization - Sum of laws, norms, policies, and institutions that define, constitute, and mediate transborder relations between states, cultures, citizens, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, and the market. - Exercise of international public order - This is not only limited to states and governments, as the fundamental institutions for articulating public interest extend to the global community but also involve intergovernmental and non-state agencies. Principal Actors in International Relations 1. State - One of the oldest and universally acknowledged actors on the modern world stage. - States remain the main actors in world affairs and today there are hundreds of states (national governments) in the global system. - Although states are the most important actors in international affairs, non-state actors also strongly influence them. 2. Non-State Actors - Individuals or organizations that have powerful economic, political, or social power and can influence at national and international levels but do not belong to any country/state International Organization - An institution with formal procedure and a membership comprising three or more states - Characterized by rules that seek to regulate the relations amongst member states and by a formal structure that implements and enforces these rules (Heywood, 2011). Types of International Organizations 1. Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) - Are established by states, usually through a treaty and composed of formal representatives of states. 2. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) - Not all actors on the world's stage play governmental roles. - Generally private, voluntary organizations whose members are individuals or associations that come together to achieve a common purpose for the public good.  3. Multinational Corporations (MNCs) - Economic firms whose activity spans several states. - Consist of a centralized management structure, whereas transnational corporations generally are decentralized, with many bases in various countries where the corporation operates. - Some well-known MNCs: Nike, Coca-Cola, McDonalds, Samsung The United Nations - Its predecessor is the League of Nations the term United Nations was coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it was first used in the "Declaration by United Nations" - Representatives of 26 countries fighting the Axis powers decided to affirm their support by signing the Declaration by United Nations, this important document pledged the signatory governments to the maximum war effort and bound them against making a separate peace - The original 26 signatories: US, UK, USSR, China, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Poland, Union of South Africa, Yugoslavia