CONNECTIVE TISSUE.pdf

Connective Tissue Presentation by: Jose Jireh T. Rosal, RMT When you finish this exercise, you should be able to: 1. Describe the general pattern of structure in connective tissues. 2. Classify major connective tissue types. 3. Identify examples of connective tissue type...

Connective Tissue Presentation by: Jose Jireh T. Rosal, RMT When you finish this exercise, you should be able to: 1. Describe the general pattern of structure in connective tissues. 2. Classify major connective tissue types. 3. Identify examples of connective tissue types in figures and specimens. Connective tissue act as connections among various other tissues. 3  CLASSIFYING CONNECTIVE TISSUES A structural feature common to all connective tissues is the dominance of the tissue matrix, or extracellular material. Connective tissue cells are often widely separated by one of three basic types of matrix: ❑ Protein matrix ❑ Protein/ground substance matrix ❑ Fluid matrix 20XX Presentation title 4  CLASSIFYING CONNECTIVE TISSUES 1. Protein matrix is extracellular material composed of many substances but with a dominance of protein fibers. Collagen is a common protein, forming bundles of tough, flexible fibers. Collagen fibers are often called white fibers. Elastin, a stretchy, fibrous protein, forms thick, single fibers in connective tissue matrices. Elastin fibers are sometimes called yellow fibers.  CLASSIFYING CONNECTIVE TISSUES Categories of protein-matrix connective tissues: ❑ Fibrous connective tissue —Fibrous tissues are categorized as either dense fibrous or loose fibrous, depending on the density of protein fibers in the matrix. Dense fibrous tissue can either be dense regular fibrous or dense irregular fibrous. Loose fibrous tissue is also called areolar tissue. 20XX Presentation title 6  CLASSIFYING CONNECTIVE TISSUES Categories of protein-matrix connective tissues: ❑Adipose —Adipose tissue is often simply called fat tissue because its primary function is the storage of fat (for later use or for body support). Adipose tissue is actually a modified form of areolar tissue, with fat storage cells having been filled with stored lipids and expanded into the extracellular spaces 20XX Presentation title 7  CLASSIFYING CONNECTIVE TISSUES 2. Protein/ground substance matrix is extracellular material that has some protein fibers in it but also a great deal of nonfibrous protein and other substances. Categories of protein/ground substance tissues: ❑Cartilage —The matrix of cartilage is a combination of fibers and ground substance that gives it a rubbery quality. Hyaline cartilage has a moderate amount of collagen fiber in its matrix. 20XX Presentation title 8  CLASSIFYING CONNECTIVE TISSUES Categories of protein/ground substance tissues: Fibrocartilage has a large amount of collagen fiber in its matrix. Elastic cartilage is distinguished by the presence of elastin fibers, giving it a stretchy quality. ❑ Bone —There are two broad categories of bone: compact bone and cancellous (spongy) bone. Both have a matrix of collagen fibers encrusted with mineral crystals that give it a solid consistency. 20XX Presentation title 9  CLASSIFYING CONNECTIVE TISSUES 3. Fluid matrix is composed of a water-based solution with a fluid consistency. ❑ Blood is the major type of fluid matrix connective tissue. Blood cells are suspended within the fluid plasma and can slide past one another freely. ❑ Hematopoietic tissue- produces blood cells. Hematopoietic tissue is also called myeloid tissue, or simply red bone marrow. 20XX Presentation title 10  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS 1. Loose fibrous (areolar) tissue - Areolar (meaning "spacious") tissue forms loose bonds between other tissues. For example, under the skin, it allows the skin to be slid around, over, or pulled from the underlying muscle to some degree. 20XX Presentation title 11  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS 2. Adipose tissue-Adipose cells in common white fat are specialized to store lipids in large vesicles. The vesicle can be so large that it pushes the nucleus and other organelles up to the cell membrane, which enlarges to accommodate the large cell volume. 20XX Presentation title 12  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS Adipose tissue is found wherever areolar tissue is found, but it is most often seen around the heart and kidney and under the skin. It not only stores lipids for later use, but it also serves as support (as in the breasts), as insulation (under the skin), and as a cushion (you are sitting on it). 20XX Presentation title 13  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS 3. Reticular tissue-Reticular tissue is named for a word that means "network," referring to this tissue's characteristic three-dimensional web of fine reticular fibers. 20XX Presentation title 14  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS Reticular fiber tissue forms the framework of the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow cavities. It functions as part of the body's defensive system. 20XX Presentation title 15  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS 4. Dense fibrous tissue —As its name indicates, this tissue is a dense arrangement of fibers. They may be collagen fibers or elastic fibers. Their arrangement may be regular (approximately parallel) or irregular (swirling or random). Interspersed among the fibers of a mature tissue are fibrocytes. 20XX Presentation title 16  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS Dense irregular fibrous tissue forms the lower layer of the skin (dermis), much of the body's fascia, and the capsules of many organs. 20XX Presentation title 17  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS Dense regular fibrous tissue is used for structures that require a better-engineered connection between parts that are pulled with great force. 20XX Presentation title 18  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS 5. Hyaline cartilage— has a moderate amount of collagen, giving it a great deal of toughness along with its cushiony quality. This cartilage type forms the bulk of the fetal skeleton (before it is replaced by bone) and continues to be the most abundant type of cartilage throughout life. 20XX Presentation title 19  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS Hyaline cartilage forms the thin, rubbery layer over the ends of long bones and is found in parts of the larynx, nose, and trachea. Specimens of cartilage may exhibit a fibrous peri-chondrium surrounding the cartilage tissue. 20XX Presentation title 20  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS 6. Fibrocartilage— The name of this tissue indicates its high concentration of collagen fibers. These fibers give the tissue a distinctive fibrous appearance. Fibrocartilage forms the disks between vertebrae and may be found at other semimovable joints. 20XX Presentation title 21  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS 7. Elastic cartilage — As its name implies, elastic cartilage has a large proportion of elastin fibers in its matrix. Elastic cartilage is found in structures in which springiness is desirable in the support material. For example, the elasticity of the pinna (ear flap) is provided by elastic cartilage. 20XX Presentation title 22  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS 8. Compact bone —Compact bone is formed by solid, cylindrical units called osteons packed tightly together. The osteon, or haversian system, consists of multiple concentric layers of hard bone matrix, with cells sandwiched between each layer. 20XX Presentation title 23  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS 9. Cancellous bone and hematopoietic tissue - Cancellous (spongy) bone is easily identified by its open, lattice-like structure. Thin plates of bone matrix, with a scattering of osteocytes trapped within lacunae, form structural beams that have great strength despite the open spaces. These bears of hard bone are called trabeculae. Because cancellous bone has open spaces, it is sometimes called spongy bone. 20XX Presentation title 24  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS The spaces are filled with hematopoietic or myeloid tissue, a special type of blood tissue that produces new blood cells. Hematopoietic tissue is also called red bone marrow. 20XX Presentation title 25  MICROSCOPIC SPECIMENS 10. Blood—Blood tissue is a fluid matrix connective tissue characterized by a variety of cell types (RBCs, platelets, and WBCs). Blood transports and exchanges materials, serves in immune protection of the body, and helps to regulate body temperature, among other functions. 20XX Presentation title 26 END OF DISCUSSION. THANK YOU!  LAB EXERCISE #8 Page 80 - 85 20XX Presentation title 28