Conjunctivitis Presentation PDF

Conjunctivit is   Prepared by:- p Karima Sayed Hanen Ali Hanan Mohammed Heba Farouk Eman Ahmed Supervision by:-...

Conjunctivit is   Prepared by:- p Karima Sayed Hanen Ali Hanan Mohammed Heba Farouk Eman Ahmed Supervision by:- Dr/ Nancy Elsakhy Dr / Monira Fayed Conjunctivitis 2 o Introduction Definition Causes S&s High risk Types Diagnosis Complications Treatment Nursing care Health teaching Conjunctivitis 3  Introduction Introduction : It's infection of eye make it have red appearance and common causes of conjunctivitis include infection by virus or bacteria, an allergy and incompletely opened tear duct in newborns. Conjunctivitis irritates your eyes, but your vision is rarely affected. The discomfort can be relieved with treatments. Conjunctivitis is contagious, so prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to help prevent the transmission to others. Presentation title 4  Introduction What is conjunctiva? the conjunctiva is a thin membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelid and the white part of the eyeball( sclera) it function as: help lubricate the eye by producing muses and tears although a smaller volume of tears than lacrimal gland it also contribute to immune surveillance and help to prevent the entrance of microbes into the eye Presentation title 5  Definition Define: Is the inflammation od conjunctiva which make the white of the eye appear red Conjunctivitis 6 Causes   Viral conjunctivitis:- is the most common type of conjunctivitis. This type of pink eye is very contagious and often spreads through schools and other crowded places. It usually causes burning, red eyes with a watery discharge. Viral conjunctivitis is usually caused by the same virus that causes runny nose and sore throat in people with the common cold.  Bacterial conjunctivitis:- is also very contagious. An infection from bacteria causes this form of pink eye. With bacterial conjunctivitis, you have sore, red eyes with a lot of sticky pus in the eye. Some bacterial infections, however, may cause little or no discharge. Sometimes the bacteria that cause pink eye are the same that cause strep throat. Conjunctivitis 8   allergic conjunctivitis:- is a type of pink eye that comes from an allergic reaction to pollen, animals, cigarette smoke, pool chlorine, car fumes or something else in the environment. It is not contagious. Allergic pink eye makes your eyes very itchy, red and watery, and the eyelids may get puff Conjunctivitis 9 Signs and symptoms  Some common signs of pink eye in one or both eyes include:  Pink or red color in the white of the eye from visible blood vessels  Swelling of the eyelids or thin layer that lines the white of the eye  Crusting of eyelids or lashes, especially in the morning  Watery, teary eyes  Eye discharge (pus or mucus) that may be clear, yellow, white, or green  Itching, irritation, burning of the eye  Feeling like something is in the eye or an urge to rub the eye  Contact lenses feel uncomfortable or do not stay in place on the eye Conjunctivitis 11  Some symptoms vary depending on the cause or type of conjunctivitis. Bacterial Allergic conjunctivitis Viral conjunctivitis conjunctivitis Irritants Eye discharge is Eye discharge is Both eyes are usually conjunctivitis usually watery, not infected Watery eyes usually thick thick pus, which can Teary and swollen eyes can occur Can occur with a cause the can occur Mucus Intense itching can cold, flu, or eyelids to stick occur discharge can respiratory infection together occur Other allergy symptoms Usually begins in one Sometimes may occur, like an itchy eye and spreads to occurs with an nose, sneezing, a the other eye within scratchy throat, or days ear infection asthma Conjunctivitis 12  High risk There are many possible risk factors for conjunctivitis, including : 1) Hand hygiene:- Conjunctivitis can easily spread from your hands to your face. If you aren’t washing or sanitizing your hands frequently, you might be more likely to develop this condition. 2) Age:- Viral conjunctivitis is common in adults and children, while bacterial conjunctivitis is far more likely in children under age. There’s also a higher risk for people in their 20s, but experts aren’t certain why 3) Time of year. Allergic conjunctivitis is much more common in spring and summer. Infectious forms of conjunctivitis are also more common during cold and flu season Conjunctivitis 13  High risk 4) Medical history:- Having seasonal allergies or allergy-related conditions like eczema can make you more likely to develop conjunctivitis. 5) Sharing personal items:- The contagious forms of conjunctivitis spread easily on certain objects, especially eye-related items like cosmetics and contact lens containers. The contagious forms can also spread easily on cloth, like washcloths, towels and pillowcases 6) Immune system:- People with weaker immune systems such as those with diabetes at risk of conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis 14  High risk 7) In old age changes to the eye may include the following : Yellowing or browning of the lens caused by many years of exposure to ultraviolet light, wind, and dust 8) Thinning:- of the conjunctiva 9) The number of mucous cells:- in the conjunctiva may decrease with age. Conjunctivitis 15  Types Allergic Viral Conjunctivitis Bacterial Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis Cause: Often caused Cause: Caused by Cause: Triggered by by viruses such as bacteria, such as allergens like pollen, adenoviruses.- Staphylococcus or dust mites, or pet Symptoms: Redness, Streptococcus.- dander watery discharge, and Symptoms: Redness, Symptoms: Itching, irritation. It may a thick yellow or redness, and watery accompany other viral green discharge, and discharge, often infections like the crusting on the accompanied by common cold. eyelids.- other allergy Contagiousness: symptoms (sneezing, Contagiousness: Highly contagious. runny nose). Contagious and can spread through direct Contagiousness: Not contact contagious. Conjunctivitis 16  Types Chemical Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis (GPC ) Cause: Resulting Cause: Often from exposure to associated with irritants such as contact lens wear or smoke, chlorine, or prosthetic eyes.- chemicals.- Symptoms: Itching, Symptoms: Redness, redness, and mucus production, often irritation, and leading to discomfort tearing.- with contact lenses.- Contagiousness: Not Contagiousness: Not contagious. contagious. Conjunctivitis 17  Diagnosis 3. Diagnostic 1. Medical History 2. Physical Examination Tests 1. Symptom Inquiry: 1. Visual Inspection: The 1. Swab Test: A sample The doctor will ask doctor examines the eyes for redness, of discharge may be about symptoms, taken for laboratory including redness, swelling, and discharge, itching, discharge.- analysis to identify and any associated 2. Eyelid Examination: bacterial or viral symptoms like fever Checking for crusting or infections.- or respiratory issues.- swelling around the eyelids.- 2. Allergy Testing: If 2. Exposure History: 3. Fluorescein Staining: A allergic Inquiry about special dye may be potential exposure to conjunctivitis is used to detect corneal allergens, irritants, or abrasion or other issues. suspected, skin or infectious individuals. blood tests might be recommended to identify specific Conjunctivitis allergens. 18  Diagnosis 4. A slit lamp exam is a common test eye care specialist will use to check overall eye health. They’ll be able to see every part of eyes — including inside them. This will let them diagnose any issues client's having or catch early signs of conditions like glaucoma or cataracts Conjunctivitis 19 Complications   Complications of conjunctivitis are rare.  When they do occur they can be serious and include:  a severe case of allergic conjunctivitis can lead to:- 1. Sever eye dry 2. Conjunctival scarring 3. Punctate keratitis 4. Corneal ulceration 5. Corneal perforation 6. Chronic infection  in cases of infective conjunctivitis, the infection can spread to other areas of the body, triggering more serious secondary infections, such as meningitis Presentation title 21 Treatment  Non-pharmacological treatments for conjunctivitis focus on relieving symptoms and preventing the spread of infection. Here are some effective methods: 1. Cold compresses: Applying a cold, damp cloth to the eyes can help reduce itching, swelling, and inflammation. 2. Warm compresses: For bacterial conjunctivitis, warm compresses can help loosen any crusty discharge on the eyelids. 3. Artificial tears: Lubricating eye drops can relieve dryness and irritation. 4. Good hygiene: Frequent handwashing, avoiding touching the eyes, and not sharing personal items like towels or cosmetics can help prevent the spread of infection Conjunctivitis 23  Non-pharmacological treatments 5. Allergen avoidance: If the conjunctivitis is allergic, removing the allergen (e.g., pet dander, pollen) from the environment can help alleviate symptoms. 6. Avoiding contact lenses: It's important to stop wearing contact lenses until the infection clears up to prevent further irritation and spread. These methods can help manage the symptoms of conjunctivitis without the need for medication. If symptoms persist or worsen, it's best to consult a healthcare provider. Conjunctivitis 24  pharmacological treatment for conjunctivitis depends on the underlying cause. Here are the common treatments: 1. Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Topical antibiotic eye drops or ointments are used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis. Common antibiotics include **erythromycin, **sulfacetamide, and **polymyxin trimethoprim 2. Viral Conjunctivitis: There is no specific antiviral treatment for most viral conjunctivitis, but supportive care such as:- cool compresses and artificial tears can help relieve symptoms. In severe cases, antiviral medications like **acyclovir* may be prescribed. Conjunctivitis 25  pharmacological treatment for conjunctivitis 3. Allergic Conjunctivitis: Antihistamine eye drops (e.g., **azelastine, **olopatadine) and mast cell stabilizers (e.g., **cromolyn*) are used to relieve symptoms. In some cases, corticosteroid eye drops may be prescribed for severe inflammation. 4. Chemical Conjunctivitis: Flushing the eye with saline or water is the primary treatment. In some cases, a doctor may prescribe specific eye drops to help with healing. Conjunctivitis 26  Surgical treatment generally not common, as most cases are treated with medications or non-pharmacological methods. However, in rare cases where there are complications or underlying conditions, surgical intervention might be necessary. Here are some examples: 1. Conjunctivochalasis: This is a condition where there is an excess of conjunctival tissue, which can cause discomfort and irritation. Surgical techniques may involve removing or shrinking the redundant tissue to improve comfort. 2. Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction: If the tear ducts are blocked, surgery might be needed to open up the ducts and allow proper drainage. 3. Hordeolum (Stye): In cases where a stye does not resolve with conservative treatments, minor surgical procedures might be performed to drain the infection Conjunctivitis 27  Nursing care 1) Performing proper hand hygiene 2) Preventing cross-contamination of eyes and to others 3) Avoid rubbing eyes. 4) Clean eye drainage with new tissue for each eye, then discard immediately. 5) Do not share items or handle items that others in the household will touch. 6) Instilling eye medications Conjunctivitis 28  Nursing care 7) Reviewing discharge instructions such as: A. Apply compresses to relieve pain. B. Use artificial tears for irritation. C. Do not share personal items or things, like towels or face cloths. D. Wash hands thoroughly before and after contact with eyes. E. Use a new tissue each time you wipe your eye. F. Discard makeup such as mascara. G. Do not use makeup until the infection clears. H. Wear sunglasses if sensitive to light. Return to a healthcare provider if the condition worsens or the drainage changes Conjunctivitis color. 29 Health teaching  Health teaching Tips to help relieve symptoms and prevent infection:- 1) Hands should be washed well before touching the eye. 2) Wash eye gently several times a day with a clean cotton pad soaked in warm tap water. 3) Use a new cotton pad for each eye, to prevent passing the infection into other eye. 4) Gently clean any eye discharge from eye area. Always wipe from the corner of the eye (nearest the nose) outwards. 5) If client wear contact lenses and have an infection, remove these lenses. Wear glasses for at least a week after symptoms have disappeared. Conjunctivitis 31  Health teaching Tips to help relieve symptoms and prevent infection:- 6. Avoid rubbing eyes. 7. Doing a compresses to relieve pain. 8. remove any eye makeup or eyelash extensions before or during eye infection 9. Do not leave the house before the symptoms disappear. Conjunctivitis 32  Health teaching Tips to help relieve symptoms and prevent infection:- 10. To help stop the spread of infectious conjunctivitis to other people you should Cover mouth when cough or sneeze. 11. Wash hands after coughing or sneezing. 12. Do not touch face. 13. Wash hands before and after touching mouth, nose or eyes. 14. Not share face washers, towels or make-up with anyone else.* Ensure towels, face washers and bed linen are washed regularly and dried in sunlight if possible. Conjunctivitis 33