Computer_Systems_Level_3_Aug24.pptx

Computer Systems  Lesson 1 – Types of computers Learning Intentions: We are learning about various types of computer systems and the devices that they use.  Processor This is the ‘brain’ of the computer system. It controls everything that the device does. Proce...

Computer Systems  Lesson 1 – Types of computers Learning Intentions: We are learning about various types of computer systems and the devices that they use.  Processor This is the ‘brain’ of the computer system. It controls everything that the device does. Processors can also be found in other electronic devices like washing machines, cars and televisions.  Smartphones Smartphone are powerful mobile computing devices They have: – A Touchscreen (sizes from 5” to 6.7”) – Can play video/audio files – Cameras (front and back) – Access to the Internet using Wi-Fi or 4G/5G You can download and run a wide range of software programs called ‘Apps’ on them.  Tablet computers Tablet computers are light portable computers which: – Use a touchscreen – Has a screen size between 7 and 12 inches – Like smartphones, they can run apps and have cameras and media players.  Laptop Laptop computers were designed to be small enough to carry around (portable). It normally comes with a trackpad, speakers and a built-in webcam It runs off a battery, or can be charged from a mains socket. Keyboard and screen are normally attached. Typical screen sizes are from 13 to 17 inches. Some laptop screens also act as a touchscreen  Desktop Computer This computer stays on the table and is not portable They normally come with a separate screen, keyboard and mouse. – This means you can upgrade these devices to customise the computer to your changing You can also upgrade other needs. parts of a desktop, like memory & storage devices, which you can’t do with a laptop.  Server A server is a very powerful system attached to a computer network. It an be used to store all the data and software for users on the network. Many thousands of users can access information on the server at the same time.  Supercomputer Large and very, very powerful computers They contain millions of processors, and lots and lots of memory. Used for large number-crunching programs like weather forecasting, research in the oil industry and other scientific research They can cost between £400,000 to £3.5million  Lesson 1 – Types of computers Success Criteria I can name different types of computer systems. I can identify some of the hardware features that make up each computer system.  Pupil Task Complete Lesson 1 - Theory Task in your workbook. Extension Task: – Can you find the top 3 supercomputers in the world? (Hint: www.top500.org ) – For each of the supercomputers you find, write: it’s name (yes, they often have a name!), its location in the world. The number of cores it has.  Theory Task1: Q1 A Processor is the 'brain' of the computer and can also be found in microwaves or cars  Theory Task1: Q2 You will find a trackpad On a laptop computer which is portable and has an attached keyboard and monitor.  Theory Task1: Q3 A desktop computer is normally placed on a table as it quite large and has devices that are easily upgraded  Theory Task1: Q4 A smartphone is a small handheld computer that can be used to make phone calls, send text messages and runs apps that are downloaded from the Internet.  Theory Task1: Q5 The very popular tablet is smaller than a laptop but larger than a smartphone and is used to run a wide variety of apps.  Theory Task1: Q6 A powerful computer called a server is used to store all the data for a business. It can also store software used by the organisation and allows many users to access their data at the same time.  Supercomputer link http://www.datacenterknowledge.co m/the-top-five-supercomputers-illustr ated/ KahootQuiz https://create.kahoot.it/#quiz/b80623 f9-a8dd-444d-a76d-3a104a3558d4 Lesson 2 – Processor and memory Learning Intentions: We are learning about the Von Neumann diagram, focussing on processor and memory parts of the diagram.  Computer Hardware Now its time to look at the hardware that makes up a computer system. Hardware is the term used to describe all the different components that make up a computer. The hardware can be split into five different categories: This diagram is Add these Memory names to your called the Von Neumann Diagram workbook INPUT PROCESSO OUTPUT R PROCESSOR BACKING STORE  Processor The two most important parts of the inside of the computer are the processor and its memory. The processor is the “brain” of the computer and it controls all operations within the system by executing commands from applications. Examples of processor’s found in computers:  Language of the Processor The processor can only understand one type of language, called Machine Code, and it is not the same language we understand! – Machine code is written using only the characters 1 and 0 (the Binary number system) All data in a computer needs to be converted to binary, including: – text, – numbers, – music, – pictures, and –  Improving the Processor This data also needs to be converted back to a format that the human user can understand. This means the processor is kept very, very busy while the computer is switched on. Computer programs have become much more advanced over the years, so how have processors changed? – A processor can contain multiple cores which means it can carry out many different actions at the same time.  Multi-core processors More cores makes your computer work faster, as tasks can be split into different parts. A dual-core processor has 2 cores. A quad-core processor has 4 cores. An octo-core processor has 8 cores.  Using a single core - A Let’s time how quickly one core (brain) can work out the answers to the questions below: 1. 8+2 2. 3+1 3. 9+4 4. 6+3 5. 7+4 6. 9+8 7. 6+7 8. 9+3  Using two cores – A and B Let’s time how quickly two cores can work out the answers to the questions below: CORE A CORE B 1. 4+2 1. 7+5 2. 3+7 2. 7+7 3. 6+7 3. 1+6 4. 6+5 4. 3+5  Using four cores Let’s time how quickly two cores can work out the answers to the questions below: CORE A CORE B CORE C CORE D 1. 2+4 1. 9+1 1. 7+2 1. 1+4 2. 3+4 2. 6+4 2. 8+2 2. 7+2  Using eight cores Let’s time how quickly two cores can work out the answers to the questions below: CORE A CORE B CORE C CORE D 1. 2+4 1. 9+1 1. 7+2 1. 1+4 CORE E CORE F CORE G CORE H 1. 7+7 1. 6+4 1. 4+4 1. 3+6  Processor Speed Another way of comparing processors is to look at their operating speed. This speed is measured in GHz = GigaHertz This speed is used to measure the number of pulses per second a processor works at. 1 GHz = 1 billion (1,000,000,000)  Main Memory Main memory is built inside the computer. This gives the processor fast access to the data and instructions that the main memory holds. There are two types of main memory: – read-only memory (ROM) – random access memory (RAM)  Read Only Memory The data that is stored in ROM cannot be changed by the user. ROM is needed to allow the computer to start up. – It holds instructions that the processor needs to launch the operating system.  Random Access Memory RAM is where the computer stores data that it is currently using. This includes: – Programs you have opened – Data from files that have been opened – Data from the keyboard as you type When you turn off your computer, all the data in RAM will be lost so  Lesson 2 – Processor and Memory Success Criteria I can describe the Von Neumann diagram. I can identify features of the processor. I can explain the purpose of RAM and ROM.  Lesson 2: Practical Task Processor Chip Investigation Look up the processor chips on your worksheet and find the following: – Number of cores – Clock speed (in GHz) HINT: type in the exact name of the processor along with the words GHz and core Extension: Find the top three processors for this year and write the name of the processor in your workbook along with the speed in GHz and the number of cores  ANSWERS to Practical task 1 Processor Used in …. Processor Number of Name Speed (in GHz) Cores Intel Celeron Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 1.1 / 2.8 2 N4500 chromebook MediaTek 2 4 Amazon Fire 7 tablet MT8168 Intel Core ASUS Zenbook Duo 2 in 1 1.8 / 5.1 16 Ultra 9-185H laptop  Lesson 3 – Input & Output Devices Learning Intentions: We are learning about the difference between Input and Output devices used with computer systems.  Input Devices Input devices are pieces of hardware that let you control a computer by sending data into the computer.  Input Devices - 1 Mouse TrackBall TrackPad  Input Devices - 2 Graphics Tablet Keyboar d Touchscre en  Input Devices - 3 Digital Camera Scanner Webcam  Output Devices Output Devices are used to display data sent out of your computer. Output Devices - 1 Monitor Data projector Speaker s Output Devices - 2 Ink Jet Printer Laser Printer Output Devices - 3 Plotter 3D printer The Future of Output Devices: VR Headsets HUD (Heads Up Display) Haptic Feedback OLED Monitors  Lesson 3 – Input & Output Devices Success Criteria I can describe the difference between input and output devices I can give examples of input devices. I can give examples of output devices. Task 3 – Input/Output Devices Complete the Lesson 3: Input/Output Devices worksheet Lesson 4 – Backing Store Learning Intentions: We are learning about the different methods that can be used to save our work when using a computing device.  Lesson 4  Backing Store  How to measure memory Everything in a computer is stored as either a 1 or a 0 A collection of 1’s and 0’s is given a measurement name depending on the number Binary digit 1 or 0 of bits it contains Bit Byte 8 bits one character, e.g. A Kilobyte KB 1024 bytes 2 or 3 Megabyt MB 1024KB= 4 paragraphs books e Gigabyte GB 1024MB= 256 MP3 songs Terabyte TB 1024GB= 262,000 MP3s Petabyt PB 1024TB= 268 million MP3s  Backing Storage Backing storage memory is used to store files when the computer is switched off. They are often removable. Here are some of the different types of backing storage you may find on your computer: Magnetic Solid State Magnetic Storage Name: Hard Disk Drive Capacity: 1TB to 10TB Can be found on older / cheaper computers or games consoles The difference between Hard Disc Drives (HDD) and Solid State Drives (SSD) Solid State Storage Name: SSD (Solid State Drive) Capacity: 100GB to 4TB This device will load data much quicker than other forms of backing store. It uses less power too, so your battery will last longer. Solid State Storage Name: USB Flash Drive (Memory Stick / Pen Drive) Capacity: 16GB to 1TB Portable storage device that has become very popular. Quite robust (not easily damaged). Solid State Storage Name: Memory Card Capacity: 16GB to 1TB Portable storage device that has become very popular. Quite robust (not easily damaged). Cloud Storage When something is in the cloud, it means it's stored on Internet servers instead of your computer’s storage drive. You can access this data from anywhere that has an Internet connection. Capacity: 2GB – 15GB (free) 30TB to Unlimited (paid)  Lesson 4 – Backing Store Devices Success Criteria I can explain the need for backing storage. I can describe different methods that can be used to store my data.  Input/output or Storage Kahoot Hardware Devices Kahoot  Arrange these from smallest to largest Kilobyt e Bit Gigaby te Petaby te Teraby te Megaby Byte te  Arrange these from smallest to largest Bit Byte Kilobyt e Megaby te Gigaby te Teraby te Petaby te  Lesson – Choosing a Laptop Learning Intentions: We are learning about the important features of a laptop so that we can make an informed choice around purchasing one for ourselves.  Lesson – Choosing a Laptop Success Criteria I can identify the important features that need to be considered before buying a laptop computer.  Choosing a Laptop Computer Buying a laptop computer can cost a lot of money, so you want to check the following BEFORE you buy it: – Does it have enough RAM to run the programs I want to use? – How will I store my files? You also want it to last a good few years before it becomes out of date!  Consider the Price You get what you pay for! Some types of backing store are more expensive than others! – SSD is more expensive than HDD for example, BUT using SDD will cause your laptop to run much faster and will not drain your battery as quickly! Other factors that increase the price are: – Type of processor – Type of graphic card (useful for gaming)  How much Memory - RAM? Often referred to as just ‘Memory’ Normally measured in Gigabytes (GB) or Terabytes (TB) for laptops. More RAM will enable your computer to run complex programs (like modern games) much faster.  Consider the ‘Processor Speed’ and ‘Number of Cores’ Processor speed is measured in GigaHertz (GHz) – The higher the speed, the quicker your computer will work BUT – remember, the number of cores is also an important factor in how powerful your processor will be! – E.g. dual-core, quad-core etc.  Amount of Backing Storage Look for the term Storage, HDD, or SSD Normally measured in either GB or TB The more storage space you have, the more files, programs, films etc you can store without needing to purchase extra external drives or  Battery Life Look for the number of ‘Hours’ A laptop is designed to be portable – this means you can carry it around. The longer your battery will last means you are not stuck with having to be next to a mains socket! – The type of storage drive will affect the time you can use your laptop before needing to recharge.  Screen Size Normally measured in inches (“) and is measured diagonally from corner to corner A larger screen is better if you want your laptop for: – Gaming – Watching films – Designing graphics / web pages Practical Task 5 You are going to find information of two different laptop computers. You will make a recommendation on which laptop you like the best, giving reasons for your choice. The best website to use is: www.pcworld.co.uk  Look for a Laptop - Summary Manufact Who makes the laptop and what type is it. urer and E.g an HP Pavillion Name Price Find two different price ranges e.g. less than £1000 and more than £1000 RAM Normally measured in GB. Often called ‘Memory’. Processor Measured in GHz. Add the number of Speed cores too if you can find the info. Storage Measured in GB or TB. Look for HDD or size SSD or both! Battery Measured in ‘hours’ life Screen Measured in inches, normally written as size something like 15.6”  Lesson – Choosing a Laptop Success Criteria I can identify the important features that need to be considered before buying a laptop computer.