CompTIA A+ 220-1102 Study Guide PDF

CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes CompTIA A+ A+ ○ CompTIA A+ certified professionals are pr...

CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes CompTIA A+ A+ ○ CompTIA A+ certified professionals are proven problem solvers. They support today’s core technologies from security to networking to virtualization and more. CompTIA A+ is the industry standard for launching IT careers into today’s digital world. (CompTIA.org) Exam Description ○ CompTIA A+ 220-1102 covers operating systems, security, software, and operational procedures. Four Domains ○ 31% Operating Systems ○ 25% Security ○ 22% Software Troubleshooting ○ 22% Operational Procedures Exam Details ○ Up to 90 questions in 90 minutes Multiple-choice Drag and drops Performance-based/Simulations Requires a 700 out of 900 Recommended Experience: 9 to 12 months hands-on experience in the lab or field ○ Released: April 2022 Are You Ready? -1- https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ Take practice exams ○ Did you score at least 85% or higher? ○ If you need more practice, take additional practice exams to hone your skills before attempting the exam What kind of jobs can I get? -2- https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Operating System Types OBJ 1.8: Explain common OS types and their purposes. Windows ○ Windows A graphical operating system developed and published by Microsoft One of the most popular operating systems in the world ○ Versions Windows 1.01 Windows 2.01 Windows 3.01 Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows 2000 Windows Me Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Windows 8 Windows 8.1 Windows 10 Windows 11 ○ The oldest one that we're going to support is known as windows 8.1 ○ Currently supported versions Windows 10 support is going to continue to operate until October of 2025 -3- https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Windows server 2016 will be supported by Microsoft up until January of 2027 Windows server 2019 will be supported all the way up through January of 2029 Windows server 2022 will be supported all the way up until October of 2031 ○ Windows used to have a 90% market share when it came to home computer operating systems Linux ○ Linux Made by lots and lots of different companies, organizations, and individual people ○ An open-source operating system You have access to all the underlying code, and you can make any changes you want ○ Some distributions use a subscription-based model with they only give you access to their code Ubuntu A free software you can install on your desktop or your server Fedora, Debian, Mint, Arch, or CentOS Community supported distributions ○ Two different formats for lifecycle support Standard release model A version number associated with Rolling release model -4- https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. 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V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes There is no long-term support version and there's no version numbers at all because you're dealing with this constant update Android Android ○ Android operating system A specific operating system that was designed to be able to support the smartphone and tablet market Originally released by the open handset Alliance, which is primarily backed and driven by Google ○ Uses a much shorter lifecycle than does desktop or server environments ○ Older devices can't necessarily support the newer operating systems Android is based on Linux Each manufacturer can make their own version of Android Chrome ○ Chrome OS Proprietary operating system developed by Google Developed to run specifically on laptops and desktop hardware created by Google This hardware was designed to keep costs very low ○ Chrome OS devices have built-in virus protection and firewalls Chrome OS is extremely safe and secure ○ Automatic updates ○ Proprietary operating system created by Google Designed to run on specific hardware Stripped down operating system -5- https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Primarily uses web applications and supports Android apps macOS ○ macOS Operating system used on Mac computers, built by Apple iMac Mac desktop MacBook ○ macOS was previously called OSX ○ Desktop operating system that only operates on Apple devices iOS and iPadOS ○ iOS and iPad iOS Developed by apple for their smartphones and tablets iOS operating system ○ Developed as a closed source operating system ○ Have a very high percentage of total market share for mobile devices iPad iOS -6- https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ Developed as a fork of the mean iOS branch Filesystem Types ○ Organize data and information on a hard drive, solid state drive, or other storage device ○ File systems must be created before you can install an operating system or storage device like a hard disk drive ○ Types supported by operating systems Windows operating systems use NTFS, FAT32, or exFAT Linux will use ext3, ext4, or exFAT for your filesystem macOS uses the Apple file system known as APFS ○ New Technology Filesystem (NFTS) Linux and macOS cannot read NTFS by default, you would have to use third party utilities to read and write NTFS A 64-bit filesystem that allows for large volumes and very large file sizes Has a lot of key features such as journaling, snapshots, security, POSIX compliance, indexing, and dynamic discsJournaling allows for faster recovery from power outages and crashes Snapshots allow you to make a read-only copy of a file, even if it is already locked NTFS has a higher security level and allows you access to audit trails, quota management, and an encrypting filesystem Each file can be protected against unauthorized access POSIX supports Unix and Linux compatibility between NTFS and a Unix or Linux filesystem Windows and NTFS are not case sensitive -7- https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. 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V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes JASON and jason would be the same file to NTFS Windows doesn't rely on case sensitivity when reading NTFS, but Linux and Unix will Indexing is a catalog of file and folder locations to help speed up searches Dynamic discs can combine physical discs into one larger disc that is understood by the operating system ○ File allocation table 32, also known as FAT32 You can only have a total drive size of up to 2 TB and the maximum file size is 4 GB FAT is limited due to it being a 32-bit allocation table, where the maximum file size is around 4.2 billion bytes or 4 GB FAT is supported by Windows, Unix, Linux, and macOS FAT32 is usually used on removable drives like external hard drives or USB flash drives ○ Extended file type system, also known as ext3 and ext4 These are supported by Linux and Unix systems, but not by Windows or macOS by default ext3 has a maximum volume size of 32 TB and maximum file size of 2 TB ext4 has a maximum volume size of 1 EB and maximum file size of 16 TB ○ Apple file system or APFS APFS has been the default file system of macOS since 2018 APFS is considered a journaled filesystem, and provides same journaling benefits as in NTFS APFS has a higher level of performance when dealing with SSD than a traditional HDD ○ Extensible file allocation table, also known as exFAT -8- https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes exFAT supports large volumes of up to 128 PB in size and file sizes of up to 16 EB exFAT is considered cross platform capable and can be used on Windows, Unix, Linux, or macOS Windows ○ NTFS Linux ○ ext4 macOS ○ APFS ○ Compatibility Concerns ○ Every software application is coded to run on a specific operating system ○ Devices that are running different operating systems can communicate on the same data network ○ Most computers can talk the same language using TCP/IP ○ The ability of end users to use different operating systems ○ A traditional user may be used to work with just one or two operating systems -9- https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ Train users to understand how to use your operating system - 10 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Windows Version OBJ 1.1: Identify basic features of Microsoft Windows editions OBJ 1.7: Given a scenario, apply application installation and configuration concepts 64-bit vs 32-bit ○ Windows support Windows 11 64-bit version Windows 10 32-bit or 64-bit version 32-bit Version 32-bit programs 64-bit Version 32-bit or 64-bit programs Each piece of hardware will be 32-bit or 64-bit based on the processor ○ Choose the version of the operating system that will align with your processor 32-bit version of Windows has lower memory requirements Have a minimum of 4 GB of RAM to run Windows Check if your processor can support 32-bit or 64-bit operations - 11 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ Windows Home Basic edition of the Windows operating system Not designed to be used in a business environment Upgrade to Windows Pro or Windows Enterprise for additional business features Storage device encryption (not Bitlocker) Windows 11 Home edition is only in 64-bit version Windows Home edition support multi-core processors A multi-core processor has 2, 4, 6, 8, or even up to 64 cores It does support hyper-threading 64-bit can support large amounts of memory OEM ○ The OEM license is used by the original manufacturers Retail You can move up from Windows 10 to 11 using the same edition ○ Windows Pro Windows operating system that focuses on business use Windows Pro can be used in a domain environment BitLocker Full disk drive encryption schema that is provided inside of Windows Pro and Windows Enterprise editions Group Policy Editor Creates and applies operating system and software application settings across all the users The group policy editor is not available within the Home edition - 12 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. 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V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) Remotely connect to your Windows Pro machine from anywhere in the world Windows Information Protection (WIP) Helps identify and protect against potential data leakage or data exfiltration OEM is the original equipment manufacturer license Retail license allows you to buy one license for one piece of hardware Windows Pro is designed to be used by small and medium-sized businesses Windows Pro for Workstations is an improved version of the Windows Pro edition It provides support for additional hardware Windows Pro for Workstations can support up to four-way multiprocessing ○ Windows Enterprise and Education Windows Enterprise is a fully featured version of Windows Enterprise edition can only use volume licensing Application virtualization under a tool known as App-V App-V protects the rest of the operating system from any kind of malware UE-V is used to capture, save, and manage Windows 10 operating system Allows multiple people to use the same machine but separates all their settings Direct access is used to allow connectivity for remote users without the use of a VPN - 13 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. 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V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Credential guard allows for virtualization-based security and only grants access to privileged systems Windows To Go creates an image version of a corporate Windows 10 environment that can be run on a user's personal computer Windows Enterprise edition has a limit of 6 TB of memory Windows Enterprise supports up to 4 physical processors Both are only going to be using a volume licensing Windows Education and Windows Pro Education are the same as Windows Enterprise and Windows Pro editions ○ Upgrading Windows In-place upgrade means the setup program for the new version will be launched within the current operating system Verify the system meets the minimum requirements for the new operating system Download the Windows 11 installation media and place it on a USB drive Launch the setup program from that USB within Windows 10 and then perform a full upgrade Data-only upgrade keeps all personal files, but not any applications or settings Clean install will delete all personal settings, files, and folders - 14 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. 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V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Windows Installation OBJ 1.9: Given a scenario, perform OS installations and upgrades in a diverse OS environment Installation Types ○ Clean installation When an operating system is installed onto a new computer In this type of installation, all data, user settings, and programs will be deleted ○ In-place upgrade Changes the current version of the operating system into a newer version Clean installation does not bring over any of your data, applications, or user settings ○ Attended installation Requires a system administrator to sit in front of the computer during the installation process ○ Unattended installation Used by the system administrator when multiple machines need the installation ○ Image deployment Copies an image file of a hard drive onto the new system This image can be stored on a DVD or USB media ○ Remote network installation The image to be used will be sent over the network Upgrade Considerations - 15 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. 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V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ Look at the system requirements Hardware compatibility Application support Backup files and user preferences Third-party drivers ○ Make sure the processor, chipset, and memory can support the new OS In Windows 11, 64-bit edition, the hardware requirements are doubled from Windows 10 x86 or x64 ○ Verify the new operating system has support for the peripherals that you need ○ Run the PC Health Check app before performing an in-place upgrade ○ Remain with the older operating system ○ Replace the peripheral to something supported by the new operating system ○ Run a backup first ○ Obtain any third-party drivers that you may need ○ Make sure to obtain the right third-party drivers Product Lifecycle ○ Mainstream support is for every version of the operating system for a minimum of five years ○ Extended support is the additional period for some of the products that can extend another three to five years ○ End of life means that product is no longer supported ○ Legacy Operating System A product that is no longer supported and considered abandoned or orphaned - 16 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. 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V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ Windows 10 and 11 get mainstream support for at least five years Feature updates usually occur every 6 to 12 months Feature updates are not going to change the requirements for that operating system Every product, including operating systems, has a defined life cycle Windows will provide at least five years of mainstream support Once that operating system reaches end of life, there will be no more security patches Boot Methods ○ Optical Media Any type of disk that uses laser or light to read and write data Many newer computers don't have optical drives, so using optical media is less common ○ USB connected drives Can be many types of drives USB connected drives can be CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray, solid state drives, flash drives, or hot swappable hard drives To make sure your USB device is bootable, you need a media creation tool to create the installation media ○ Network boot devices Take advantage of something inside your BIOS or UEFI This allows you to read boot media over the network Windows generally use the PXE environment to boot up the setup program to install Windows - 17 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. 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V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes If you rely on network boot, you need to ensure you have DHCP enabled to get an IP address assigned to your server ○ Internet-based boot method Allows the system to boot up its system over the Internet The computer will boot up a minimalist version of an operating system that is used to download the setup files ○ Internal hard disk drive partition A hidden device partition created by your manufacturer If your purchased Windows 11 laptop gets corrupted, do a clean install by booting from the internal hidden partition ○ Configure your BIOS or UEFI to have the proper boot order ○ If booting from a USB drive, you need to place it above the hard disk in the boot order Partitioning Storage Devices ○ Once you boot up the setup program, ensure the storage devices are properly partitioned ○ Types Hard Disk Drives Also known as HDDs Solid State Devices Also known as SSDs Both HDDs and SSDs require partitioning and formatting before using them to store an operating system ○ By default, at least one partition on a fixed disk is needed before you can perform a high-level disk format for your file system - 18 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. 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V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ There are two styles of partitioning Master Boot Record (MBR) The traditional style of doing partitions on a particular fixed storage device The first 512-byte sector on a disk contains the MBR, which has the info about the physical disk on it Inside the MBR, you will be able to carve up the physical disk into four primary partitions Any of these partitions can be marked as active, which signals the system to look for the operating system to boot up When booting up initially, it will read the first 512-byte sector from the hard disk which will have the MBR on it That will be partition zero, but the boot loader will ask which device you would like to boot up, Windows or Linux You can also use partitioning to make multiple areas of storage instead of just having one single drive One drive for the operating system and one for the data in two different partitions MBR has limitations, such as only able to run four primary partitions and only supports a disk size of 2 TB GUID Partition Table (GPT) Provides a more up-to-date schema to address MBR limitations Windows can support up to 128 partitions with GPT GUID partition table can support drives over 2 TB, which is good for its 128 partitions - 19 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. 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V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes The system must support UEFI as its boot method to be able to use GPT Most systems use UEFI for its 64-bit processors since BIOS only supports 32-bit processors Windows supports NTFS, macOS supports APFS, and Linux supports either ext3 or ext4 (depending on the distribution used) Choose the file system that works best with your operating system, like Windows with NTFS or macOS with APFS This may be a good reason to have two partitions, if you are using macOS and Windows, or Linux and Windows It is important to understand what limitations you have when choosing file systems Recovery and Reset ○ Recovery and Reset is used when your Windows has been corrupted with malware, or there is a system issue Recovery and reset is helpful when there is some malware, or you are going to sell your machine Normally, a message will pop up with the required key, such as F11 or CTRL + F11 A text or graphics display will walk you through how to do a full recovery or repair ○ With a full recovery, all files will be lost, unless you have them saved on a backup drive to bring back into the system ○ The factory recovery only works if you have the original hard drive in the system A disadvantage of a full recovery is you lose everything on the system - 20 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes This can be an advantage when you're going to sell the machine though Example, if you bought a laptop with Windows 8.1, and upgraded to Windows 10 before a full recovery, it will go back to Windows 8.1 ○ Under refresh or repair mode, your machine will reset and try to repair itself without doing a full recovery ○ To repair instead of factory reset, you go to the same menu and just choose the repair/reset options ○ With Windows, most hardware will include a recovery partition that you can boot up from - 21 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Application Configuration OBJ 1.7: Given a scenario, apply application installation and configuration concepts Application Requirements ○ Every application is going to have different processing requirements 32-bit or 64-bit processor Processor speed and cores available Memory available for that application Have more than the minimum required for best performance Amount of storage space available ○ Graphic requirements Dedicated graphics card or integrated graphics card VRAM available ○ Graphics cards can be embedded into the motherboard or into the processor ○ Integrated GPU can handle most day-to-day applications in an office environment ○ Dedicated graphics card is for more high-end graphics and intense applications 8 to 16 gigabytes of RAM available External Hardware Token Digital key that can unlock an application Distribution Methods ○ Download from the app store These app stores will handle all the installation process for you - 22 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. 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V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes These app stores take precautions to ensure that the software is of good quality Not all applications can be found inside the app store ○ Physical copy of the software CD or DVD as a distribution method is known as Physical Media Physical media is not the most convenient way to install software Requires to be picked up at some retail location Software is not going to be the most up to date version ○ Downloadable software directly from the manufacturer ISO File Digital file format used to replicate a physical CD, DVD or Blu-ray Disc ○ Windows Right click and select "Mount" ○ Mac Use the Disk Utility Business Impacts ○ Licensing Single user license means you can install one copy of that application on one system Some applications will support multiple copies being installed on multiple systems for use by a single user Never install an application on a system without a valid license Understand the terms of a software license ○ Provide support for that application Manufacturer's Support - 23 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Extended support agreement between the company and the manufacturer ○ How are you going to be training your users? Third-party manufacturer who made that software to train your users Make sure to budget for that in terms of time and costs Operational Impacts ○ Impacts can be to Single component Larger network Larger enterprise system ○ Methods of deployment Send a technician to every machine to manually update it Use automation to push that software over the network to all the clients The user doesn't have to be logged into the system and the administrator doesn't have to go to that system ○ Considerations What clients are on the network What servers are being used Windows Deployment Service Microsoft Deployment Toolkit Apple Business Manager Private repositories Device Impacts ○ Processing power - 24 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Some applications are going to slow down the system ○ Memory Some applications are going to be memory intensive ○ Storage Some applications are going to take a lot of storage space ○ Test the applications on a sample system to see impacts Network Impacts ○ Some applications will rely heavily on the network ○ Consider what network impacts would there be when installing certain tools Backup tools will steal a lot of the network's performance by overwhelming the connection ○ Consider the actual installation of the application itself Break down the deployment into small groups Use times that are the least impactful for the users - 25 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Windows Networking OBJ 1.6: Given a scenario, configure Microsoft Windows networking features on a client/desktop Note: This section includes demonstrations to help you understand how to configure Windows networking features. Steps in the demonstrations are explained in the videos, but not included in the Study Notes. Wired Connections ○ Wired connections can come in the form of copper or fiber Fiber connects directly into a network interface card Copper connection uses a Cat 5, Cat 6, Cat 7, or Cat 8 connector using a UTP or STP cable ○ Use the device manager to see what network adapter is installed on the system and its specifications Wireless Connections ○ Wi-Fi connections are set up and managed through the device manager WWAN Connections ○ Connect to a wide area network over a wireless connection, and is most seen with cellular modems or cellular hotspots ○ Be aware of how much data your plan has as service providers can have different limits Some are done monthly, some are unlimited, and some are allocated over a given period - 26 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Additionally, some plans will cap your transferable data and cut off your connection ○ Some plans features Overage Fees Some cellphone carriers charge $10 to $20 per GB beyond the data cap Throttling With throttling, you will still be able to use data, but at a much lower speed Unlimited Unlimited plans have no data cap, you can use as much as you want and at the highest levels of speed VPN Connections ○ Used to connect anyone or any resources from one private network to another over a public network ○ VPNs will allow you to connect back to your office and access your data in a secure manner ○ VPNs are easy to set up in Windows They are built into the operating system Set up through the Network Center Network Client Configuration ○ Anytime you connect to a network, whether wired or wireless, you need to make sure the device has four basic items IP address Subnet mask - 27 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Gateway DNS server - 28 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Windows Control Panel OBJ 1.4: Given a scenario, use the appropriate Microsoft Windows 10 Control Panel utility Note: This section includes demonstrations to help you understand how to use the appropriate Microsoft Windows 10 Control Panel utility. Steps in the demonstrations are explained in the videos, but not included in the Study Notes. Account Settings ○ Types of Accounts Administrator Accounts Can do everything on the system Standard Accounts Has a limited subset of actions that can be taken Guest Accounts Most limited subset of actions that can be taken ○ When accounts are created, profiles are also set up Creates folders for the user Programs and Features ○ A Control Panel applet ○ Controls the different pieces of software on a particular Windows system ○ Can install and uninstall programs ○ Can set up features like Containers and Hyper-V Devices and Printers - 29 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ Provide you with a wizard and an interface to add devices manually and create shortcuts to the different configuration pages ○ There is a lot you can do with devices, which are things like mice, keyboards, webcams, etc. ○ This area of the control panel is where you can edit the functionality of mice, keyboards, monitors, etc. Internet Options ○ An older legacy applet that can be used to configure the old legacy web browser Internet Explorer ○ Most places don't use Internet Explorer anymore, and use things like Microsoft Edge or Google Chrome, but some places still rely on Internet Explorer ○ When using the Internet Options, you are only configuring Internet Explorer Network and Sharing Center ○ Status of any network adapter ○ Change settings ○ Configure media streaming Windows Defender Firewall ○ Software-based/ Host-based Firewall ○ Determines which processes, protocols, and hosts are allowed to communicate over a network Public Networks Airports, hotels, etc. Private Networks - 30 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. 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V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Business/home networks Mail ○ Configures Microsoft Outlook, but not other mail apps like Thunderbird or web- based mail like Gmail ○ Mail only works with Microsoft Outlook and allows for the configuration of email clients under different profiles Sound ○ Used to select your input such as your microphone or your output System Settings ○ The exam objectives list the system as part of the control panel ○ Windows Settings can be accessed through the control panel Has all information about the system settings Device Manager ○ Allows for the viewing and editing of properties of the different pieces of hardware installed on a system ○ Device Manager is a separate program that lets you view and edit the properties of hardware ○ installed on a given system Administrative Tools ○ Collection of tools that can be used for more in-depth configuration or troubleshooting - 31 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. 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V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ Accessed through Control Panel Actually links to programs Indexing Options ○ Configures how the search capability inside File Explorer is going to work ○ Indexing options configure how things will be indexed to increase search speeds File Explorer Options ○ Applet in the Control Panel ○ File Explorer Shows the file, folders, and contents for the entire system ○ Can set options for how the file explorer opens and how files, folders, and contents are viewed Power Options ○ Allows to control the power management on a Windows system Turn off or reduce the power Use less energy ○ Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ○ Industry standard for power management services designed to allow software and hardware to have compatibility ○ S3 Most of the devices are going to lose power ○ S4 Power will be maintained to the memory ○ S5 - 32 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes This applet conserves energy or maximizes performance by choosing how the computer will manage power ○ Ease of Access Gives access to all sorts of settings to configure the input and output options Accessibility area - 33 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Windows Settings OBJ 1.5: Given a scenario, use the appropriate Windows settings Note: This section includes demonstrations to help you understand how to use the appropriate Microsoft Windows settings. Steps in the demonstrations are explained in the videos, but not included in the Study Notes. Windows Settings ○ Used to administer and configure the Windows 10 and 11 operating systems ○ The Windows Setting application provides easy to use applets - 34 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Windows Tools OBJ 1.3: Given a scenario, use features and tools of the Microsoft Windows 10 operating system (OS) Note: This section includes demonstrations to help you understand how to use features and tools of the Microsoft Windows 10 operating system. Steps in the demonstrations are explained in the videos, but not included in the Study Notes. Task Manager ○ Monitors the computer's key resources, like processing, memory, storage, and network capacity ○ Task Manager is used to monitor the computer's key resources, things like processing, memory, storage, and network capacity Device Manager ○ A tool used for investigating and troubleshooting system hardware, components, and peripherals ○ Device manager is used to investigate and troubleshoot all sorts of system hardware, components, and peripherals Disk Management Console ○ Provides a summary of all the fixed and removable disks on the system, including HDDs, SSDs, and optical drives ○ This is a tool that formats disk drives, creates partitions, shrinks volumes, creates RAIDs, and more Disk Maintenance Tools - 35 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ Main problems with storage devices Fragmentation Disk fragmentation only truly affects hard drives, and this is because of the way data is written Capacity Capacity is the cap of data you can have on your disk Damage Damage can happen when you cut off power to a disk being read or written, or if you drop the device ○ Maintenance tools Disk defragmenter Disk cleanup utility Task Scheduler ○ Used to run commands and scripts automatically in the background at any given interval Event Viewer ○ Allows you to go through log files and see what has happened on a given Windows system ○ Levels of notification Information Least serious issue Doesn’t require actions Warning Event that could lead to an error or critical issue if not remediated Don’t need to be investigated or addressed immediately Error - 36 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. 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V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Should be investigated and addressed It won’t stop the system from operating Critical Fix as soon as possible Most serious Verbose Provides more details about what is happening Performance Monitor ○ Provide real-time information about system resources by keeping track of what things are happening in the operating system ○ Monitor performance over time and find the issue by looking at some key counters Local Users and Groups ○ Provides the ability to create, modify, disable, and delete user accounts along with the setting or resetting of passwords Group Policy Editor ○ Provides a way of configuring different Windows settings across all machines in the network Certificate Manager ○ Looks at the different digital certificates installed on the system and provides a way of requesting and importing new certificates - 37 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ Certificate manager provides the ability to manage all digital certificates on the system System Information ○ Produces a comprehensive report on the different pieces of hardware and software inside a Windows system Resource Monitor ○ Gives a better version of the type of monitoring provided by the task manager ○ Resource Monitor is essentially an enhanced or better version of the snapshot and overview monitoring inside the Task Manager System Configuration ○ Used to modify various settings and files that affect the way a computer boots up and loads Windows Registry Editor ○ Windows Registry A database which has all the different settings and configurations across the entire operating system Microsoft Management Console ○ A container for plugins or snap-ins that can be used to create custom admin tools to configure a system - 38 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Windows Command Objective 1.2 OBJ 1.2: Given a scenario, use the appropriate Microsoft command-line tool Note: This section includes demonstrations to help you understand how to use features and tools of the Microsoft Windows 10 operating system. Steps in the demonstrations are explained in the videos, but not included in the Study Notes. Windows Command Line Tools (see each video below for definitions of tools included in this video) ○ CLI – Command Line Interface ○ Command Prompt Provides a text-based user interface Some commands are run in the administrative command prompt only Syntax (how the command is typed) is important Always use the proper syntax when entering commands Using the GUI ○ Command Line Text base ○ Graphical User Interface (GUI) Uses a mouse or finger to navigate Using the Command Prompt ○ Command Prompt Allows to run a series of different text-based commands and be able to run different tools or utilities - 39 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes An administrative user can do a lot of things that may not be available to a standard user Create a new user account Access files or folders Use the regular command prompt first Navigation Commands ○ cd used to move into a different directory ○ dir used to display a list of directory and subdirectory files ○ md used to create new directories and subdirectories within the file system ○ rmdir used to delete or remove a directory or subdirectory within the file system Copying Commands ○ Copying commands copy used to copy one or more files xcopy used to copy files, directories, and subdirectories robocopy used to copy files, directories, and subdirectories with support for longer file names and network paths - 40 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ Movement commands Moving files can function like copying files Disk Management commands ○ diskpart used to manage the computer’s disk drives, partitions, volumes, and virtual hard disks ○ format used to delete the contents of the storage device and create a new file ○ chkdsk used to scan the file system for file system metadata errors Shutdown ○ This command can run at various times when the user is not at the computer System File Checker ○ Provides a manual interface for verifying system files and restoring them from the cache Windows Version ○ Use winver command Network Troubleshooting Commands ○ ipconfig ipconfig provides information about own network connection displays the current TCP/IP network configuration refreshes DHCP and DNS settings - 41 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ ping ping verifies there is good connectivity between the client and the remote destination ○ tracert tracert shows each stop along the way by using multiple pings all the way out and all the way back used to determine the path by sending an ICMP echo request ○ pathping pathping gives a more accurate round-trip time being calculated provides network latency and network loss information Name Resolution Commands ○ hostname Finds the device’s name ○ nslookup Finds a domain name from the IP address The netstat Command ○ Checks for open ports on a given client ○ Looks for ports or connections on listening mode ○ Netstat is helpful for malware removal or threat hunting against bad actors Group Policy Commands ○ Set of policies across all users on a given system or across all systems on a given domain ○ gpupdate - 42 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ gpresult - 43 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Windows Share OBJ 1.2: Given a scenario, use the appropriate Microsoft command-line tool OBJ 1.6: Given a scenario, configure Microsoft Windows networking features on a client/desktop OBJ 2.5: Given a scenario, manage and configure basic security settings in the Microsoft Windows OS Note: This section includes demonstrations to help you understand how to use various features and tools included in the objectives for this section. Steps in the demonstrations are explained in the videos, but not included in the Study Notes. Videos that are consist solely as demonstrations are not listed here. Windows Shares ○ Domain-Based Used for larger environments ○ Workgroup-Based Used in a single computer environment Workgroups and Domains ○ Workgroups and Domains Represent the two different methods for organizing workstations inside of a Windows-based computer network The main difference between the two is how workstations and resources on the network are going to be managed Workgroup ○ Decentralized model Domain - 44 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes ○ Centralized architecture When dealing with a workgroup, you're dealing with a decentralized model of administration, so there is no main computer in control Workgroups are better used with smaller sized networks, all on the same network of less than about 15 to 20 computers Domains are used for large scale networks, one or more computers acting as a server, which makes it easier to automatically connect to the network from anywhere Domains can support hundreds of thousands of computers on a single domain net command ○ An entire suite of commands Printer Sharing ○ Sharing a printer over a network is easier in a small office environment - 45 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes macOS Objective 1.10 OBJ 1.10: Identify common features and tools of the macOS/desktop OS Note: This section includes demonstrations to help you identify common features and tools of the macOS/desktop OS. Steps in the demonstrations are explained in the videos, but not included in the Study Notes. Videos that are consist solely as demonstrations are not listed here. macOS ○ macOS generally has same features and functionality like Windows ○ Time Machine A backup feature in macOS ○ Finder macOS file management app (file explorer) ○ Dock Used for managing applications from the desktop (taskbar) ○ Spotlight Search function ○.pkg (Package) macOS installer that supports complex setup tasks using a setup wizard ○.dmg (Disc Image) macOS installer for copying self-contained apps to an app folder Mission Control ○ Enables the user to set up multiple virtual desktops with different sets of applications and backgrounds - 46 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes File Vault ○ Disk encryption tool that encrypts the data that's stored on the hard drive or solid-state device Remote Disc ○ Utility that allows to access an optical disc drive over the network ○ Most Mac computers don't have an internal optical drive ○ One requires CD or DVD drive installed on the network Keychain ○ Application designed to help manage passwords for all the different accounts iCloud and Apple ID ○ Apple's online storage solution for all its users System Preferences ○ Provides a centralized and standard location for mail, contacts, calendar, photos, notes, reminders, and more ○ The free account gives 5GB worth of storage Apple ID Account with Apple used across the entire Apple ecosystem Managing macOS Applications ○ Mac App Store Central area that Apple and developers can use to distribute free and paid apps - 47 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Best Practices for macOS ○ Antivirus ○ Backups ○ Updates ○ Force quit apps ○ Always have antivirus or antimalware on the system ○ Mac doesn't run the same types of software as Windows ○ There is no built-in antivirus software for Mac system ○ Apple Business Manager Supervises the use of macOS systems, restricts which apps can be installed, locates any systems, and ensures they're up to date with the latest security patches - 48 - https://www.DionTraining.com © 2022 Dion Training Solutions, LLC is a Platinum Delivery Partner for CompTIA. CompTIA ® is a registered trademark of the Computer and Computing Technology Industry Association. All rights reserved. V1.0  CompTIA A+ Core 2 Study Notes Linux OBJ 1.11: Identify common features and tools of the Linux client/desktop OS Note: This section includes demonstrations to help you identify common features and tools of the Linux client/desktop OS. Steps in the demonstrations are explained in the videos, but not included in the Study Notes. Videos that are consist solely as demonstrations are not listed here. Linux ○ ls Used for listing file system objects ○ pwd Used to print the current directory ○ cd Used to change the directories ○ mv