COMPILED NOTES IN HEMA WEEK 1 TOPICS (EDITED).pdf

‭MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM (MTAP)‬ ‭‬ ‭MCV‬ ‭HEMATOLOGY REVIEW NOTES WEEK 1‬...

‭MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM (MTAP)‬ ‭‬ ‭MCV‬ ‭HEMATOLOGY REVIEW NOTES WEEK 1‬ ‭○‬ ‭ ormocytic = 80-100 fl‬ N ‭By JANELLE CAÑON, RMT, DTA, MLS(ASCPi)CM‬ ‭○‬ ‭Microcytic = 100 fL‬ ‭○‬ ‭Increased in megaloblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia with reticulocytosis, liver disease, and normal‬ ‭BASIC HEMATOLOGY PRINCIPLES‬ ‭newborn‬ ‭○‬ ‭Decreased in iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia, and lead poisoning‬ ‭‬ ‭Whole blood‬‭is composed of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma.‬ ‭ ‬ ‭Anisocytosis‬‭- increase in the number of cells with variation in size‬ ○ ‭○‬ ‭Buffy coat‬‭is composed of leukocytes and platelets.‬ ‭‬ ‭MCHC‬ ‭‬ ‭Plasma vs. Serum‬ ‭○‬ ‭Hypochromic = 37 g/dL‬ ‭○‬ ‭Serum‬‭is the liquid portion of clotted blood; appears clear and straw; lacks Fibrinogen or factor I.‬ ‭○‬ ‭Hypochromic RBCs - seen in iron deficiency and thalassemia‬ ‭○‬ ‭Both are made of 90% water‬ ‭○‬ ‭38 g/dL = Presence of spherocytes‬ ‭‬ ‭Formed elements and sizes:‬ ‭○‬ ‭> 38 g/dL = Machine error‬ ‭○‬ ‭Anisochromia‬‭- variation in color‬ ‭ ‬ ‭Other RBC Parameters‬ ‭○‬ ‭RBC Distribution Width (RDW)‬ ‭Formed element‬ ‭Size‬ ‭‬ ‭Normal value: 11.5-14.5%‬ ‭‬ ‭Determined from the RBC histogram‬ ‭Thrombocytes/Platelets‬ ‭2 - 4 um‬ ‭‬ ‭Proportional to the degree of anisocytosis‬ ‭‬ ‭Seen post-transfusion, post-treatment, idiopathic sideroblastic anemia, in the presence of two‬ ‭Erythrocytes/RBCs‬ ‭6 - 8 um‬ ‭concurrent deficiencies (iron and folic acid deficiencies)‬ ‭○‬ ‭Hematocrit‬ ‭Normal lymphocytes‬ ‭6 - 9 um‬ ‭‬ ‭Refers to the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of whole blood‬ ‭‬ ‭Normal values: 41-53% in Males (0.41-0.53 L/L); 36-46% in Female (0.36-0.46 L/L)‬ ‭Reactive lymphocytes‬ ‭10 - 22 um‬ ‭‬ ‭Microhematocrit - reference manual method‬ ‭Basophils‬ ‭10 - 15 um‬ ‭Segmented Neutrophils‬ ‭10 - 15 um‬ ‭Band Neutrophils‬ ‭10 - 15 um‬ ‭○‬ ‭Hemoglobin‬ ‭Eosinophils‬ ‭12 - 16 um‬ ‭‬ ‭Normal values: Males: 13.5-17.5 g/dL (135-175 g/L); Females: 12.0-16.0 g/dL (120-160 g/L)‬ ‭9‬ ‭Monocytes‬ ‭12 - 20 um‬ ‭ ‬ ‭Platelets -‬‭Normal value: 150-450 X‬‭10‬ ‭/L or 150,000-450,000/uL‬ ○ ‭○‬ ‭Mean platelet volume (MPV)‬‭- Normal value: 6.8-10.2 fL‬ ‭ ‬ ‭Hematology staining:‬ ‭‬ ‭RBC Indices‬ ‭○‬ ‭Nonvital (dead cell) polychrome stain (Romanowsky)‬ ‭○‬ ‭Wright’s stain‬‭- most commonly used routine smear stain‬ ‭‬ ‭Methanol‬‭- used as fixative for blood smears‬ ‭‬ ‭Eosin‬‭- Secondary stain; acidic dye‬ ‭Parameter‬ ‭Description‬ ‭Formula‬ ‭Normal Value‬ ‭‬ ‭Phosphate Buffer‬‭- pH between 6.4 and 6.8‬ ‭‬ ‭Methylene Blue‬‭- Primary stain; basic dye‬ ‭Mean corpuscular‬ ‭Indicator of the average or‬ ‭80-100 femtoliters‬ ‭○‬ ‭Nonvital monochrome stain‬ ‭volume (MCV)‬ ‭mean volume of RBCs‬ ‭(fL)‬ ‭‬ ‭Prussian blue‬‭- used to visualize iron granules; contains potassium ferrocyanide, HC1, and a‬ ‭safranin counterstain‬ ‭○‬ ‭Supravital (living cell) monochrome stain‬‭- no fixative needed‬ ‭Mean corpuscular‬ I‭ndicator of the average‬ ‭26-34 picograms‬ ‭‬ ‭New methylene blue‬‭or‬‭Brilliant Cresyl Blue‬‭- visualize Reticulocytes‬ ‭ emoglobin (MCH)‬ h ‭weight of hemoglobin in‬ ‭(pg)‬ ‭‬ ‭Neutral red with brilliant cresyl green - visualize Heinz bodies‬ ‭individual RBCs‬ ‭HEMATOPOIESIS‬ ‭Mean corpuscular‬ ‭ easure of the average‬ M ‭32-37 g/dL‬ ‭‬ ‭Continuous, regulated process of blood cell formation that includes:‬ ‭hemoglobin‬ ‭concentration of hemoglobin‬ ‭o Cell renewal‬ ‭concentration‬ ‭in grams per‬ ‭o Cell proliferation‬ ‭(MCHC)‬ ‭deciliter‬ ‭o Cell differentiation‬ ‭o Cell maturation‬ ‭‬ ‭Occur‬‭in‬‭organs‬‭of‬‭the‬‭reticuloendo-thelial‬‭system‬‭(RES)‬‭which‬‭includes‬‭the‬‭bone‬‭marrow,‬‭spleen,‬‭liver,‬‭thymus,‬ ‭and lymph nodes.‬ T‭ his material is made and exclusively distributed to Stellar Learning Hub review students only.‬ T‭ his material is made and exclusively distributed to Stellar Learning Hub review students only.‬ ‭Any illegal reproduction of this material will result in immediate legal action.‬ ‭Any illegal reproduction of this material will result in immediate legal action.‬ ‭Types of Hematopoiesis‬ ‭○‬ ‭Site:‬‭Bone marrow cavity‬‭(medulla)‬ ‭‬ ‭Red bone marrow - hematopoietically active‬ ‭‬ ‭Yellow bone marrow - inactive; adipocytes‬ ‭○‬ ‭By‬ ‭the‬ ‭end‬ ‭of‬ ‭24‬ ‭weeks‬ ‭(6‬ ‭months)‬ ‭gestation,‬ ‭the‬ ‭bone‬ ‭marrow‬ ‭becomes‬ ‭the‬ ‭primary‬ ‭site‬ ‭of‬ ‭Hematopoiesis‬ ‭○‬ ‭Retrogression‬‭- when red marrow is transformed to yellow marrow‬ ‭○‬ ‭Cellularity is the ratio of marrow cells to fat (red marrow/yellow marrow):‬ ‭‬ ‭Normocellular‬‭— Marrow has 30-70% hematopoietic cells‬ ‭‬ ‭Hypercellular/hyperplastic‬‭—Marrow has >70% hematopoietic cells‬ ‭‬ ‭Hypocellular/hypoplastic‬‭—Marrow has