Community Health Nursing Exam Study Guide PDF

NR 442 Community Health Nursing Chapters 1,2,4,5, 6,7,10,11 and 12, 26 Study Guide 1. Principles of Public Health Nursing a. Health Promotion b. Disease Prevention c. Prolonging Life...

NR 442 Community Health Nursing Chapters 1,2,4,5, 6,7,10,11 and 12, 26 Study Guide 1. Principles of Public Health Nursing a. Health Promotion b. Disease Prevention c. Prolonging Life HIPPA guidelines -- employees can keep certain benefits when changing employees offer protection against patient confidentially. 2. Community Assessment – Application of Nursing Process a. Assessment- collection of data about the community and its members, evaluate secondary health data, assess the availability of community resources b. Planning- develop interventions to meet identified outcomes. Analyze data to determine health needs, amount of time needed for problem resolution c. Implementation- carry out the plan, initiate interventions to achieve goals and objectives according to the plan. Monitor intervention process. d. Evaluation- examine the success of the interventions. Evaluate strength and weakness. Ongoing evaluation is necessary to ensure program success. e. 3. Medicare and Medicaid a. Eligibility requirements: MEDICARE: (regulated by federal) end stage renal disease, elderly over 65, disabled MEDICAID: (regulated by state and federal) low socioeconomic status and children, through the combined efforts of federal and state governments. Eligibility is based on household size and income. b. Coverage- Medicare A, B and D A: hospital care, home care, hospice, limited skilled nursing care B: healthcare provider services, outpatient care, home health, diagnostic services, physiotherapy, durable medical equipment, ambulance services, mental health, preventive services D: prescription medications only. c. Regulating body: The role of regulatory bodies is to protect healthcare consumers from health risks, provide a safe working environment for healthcare professionals, and ensure that public health and welfare are served by health programs. This study source was downloaded by 100000773703072 from CourseHero.com on 07-27-2024 16:47:25 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/159606528/NR-442-Community-Health-Nursing-Study-Guide-Exam-one-2022docx/  4. Medicaid a. Eligibility: low income. b. Challenges: They will have a decreased financial ability to opt for elective treatments, and they may not be able to pay for top brand drugs or other medical aids 5. Isolation precaution, Chains of transmission and manifestations a. HIV: Standard precaution, contact transmission. b. Sexually transmitted infections/ diseases: Standard precaution, contact transmission. c. TB: Airborne isolation, coughing, weight loss, lack of appetite, hemoptysis. d. EBOLA: droplet/contact, spread through coughing, sneezing, and body fluids. s/s include fever, fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain e. Measles: airborne isolation, highly contagious, flu like symptoms, fever, runny nose, red eyes, rash, white spots on tongue f. Anthrax: contact precaution, fever, chills, muscle aches, chest discomfort, severe dyspnea, shock g. Botulism: foodborne, standard isolation, double vision, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing and breathing, progressive muscle weakness h. Pertussis: airborne isolation, sneezing, low fever, mild cough then becomes severe, barking cough i. Chlamydia/ STDs: standard precaution, sexual contact, silent infection, pain in urination, inflammation of urethra j. West Nile Virus: vector- borne k. Smallpox: airborne and contact isolation, fever, fatigue, head and body aches, rash on face trunk legs hands and feet, vomiting. 6. Levels of Prevention in Various Healthcare settings/ populations a. Primary: Prevent – EDUCATE! b. Secondary: Screen c. Tertiary: Treat 7. Reportable Notifiable diseases a. Passive Surveillance: local and state health departments rely on healthcare providers or labs to report a disease. This is more efficient. Only requires few resources. - disadvantage: incomplete data due to underreporting. Only wait for health care providers or labs to report the diseases b. Active Surveillance: health department will call providers or labs requesting information to identify possible cases. It needs more resources. (ex. If a hospital has a confirmed case of HIV. The IDPH will call the hospital to get more information about the patient. the patient demographics S/S. what diagnostic tests were done and how they are being treated). The department needs more specific information about the disease 8. Health People 2030 Health Indicators: This study source was downloaded by 100000773703072 from CourseHero.com on 07-27-2024 16:47:25 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/159606528/NR-442-Community-Health-Nursing-Study-Guide-Exam-one-2022docx/  biggest one is access to health services. If you do not have insurance. 9. Healthy People 2030 Mission: identify nationwide health improvement priorities. Increase public awareness and understanding of the determinants of health, disease and disability and the opportunities for progression. Improve healthcare and health education. Try to improve the overall quality of life. 10. Public Health Core Functions: involved in making sure the citizens remain safe and free of disease, making sure there is adequate follow up. 11. Community-Based Nursing vs. Community-Oriented Nursing: Community oriented nursing: the goal is to prevent disease and disability, promote, protect, and maintain health. Focuses is on healthcare of individuals, families, or groups in the community. Community based nursing: provide bridge from being discharged from a hospital to provide services in the home for home care. Hospice- supporting until the end of life. 12. Cold Chain Process: used to keep vaccine at proper temperature until it is used. vaccine is made then kept cold until it is used. 13. Windshield Survey: going to the community and examining what you see from your car. Research on a city giving you better incite of what is going on. 14. Types of Descriptive Epidemiology- components a. Epidemiological Triangle: - environment: setting or surrounding of the host - host: living being - agent: what causes the disease b. Web of Causation: - properly identify risk factors that can be controlled or modified: helps develop interventions c. Person-Place and Time: - person: age, race, sex place: location time: time of day, week, month, years This study source was downloaded by 100000773703072 from CourseHero.com on 07-27-2024 16:47:25 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/159606528/NR-442-Community-Health-Nursing-Study-Guide-Exam-one-2022docx/  d. Wheel Model of Epidemiology: - for medical conditions with a genetic component biological, social, physical 15. What is a community: - a group of people in institutions that share graphic, civil, or social parameters 16. Population vs. Aggregate: population: a group of people having common personal or environmental characteristics aggregate: subgroup or subpopulations what have some common characteristics 17. Review Active Learning Templates Information a. Growth and Development- School Aged children b. Growth and Development- Women in reproductive Age 18. Health Promotion- a. Diet and Exercise (modifiable). Prevent chronic medical conditions (diabetes, heart disease, some cancers). b. Sleep and Health: (modifiable) not enough sleep relates to: diabetes, depression, heart disease, obesity amount of sleep varies with age groups. : NB: 11-18H. 3-11m: 9-11H. 11-17: 8.5-9H. adults and older adults: 7-9H regulated by walking time and circadian rhythms. hormones during sleep affect blood pressure and kidney function. c. Tobacco Use: (modifiable) leading cause of preventable death, most common form of chemical dependency. In all forms it is harmful. Most common is less educated areas and below poverty levels. Advance Directives: a written statement of a person’s wished regarding medical treatment, often including a living will. Made to ensure those wished are carried out should the person be unable to communicate them to a doctor. Living will definition spells out medical treatments that you would want and not want to be used to keep you alive, as well as your preferences for other medical decisions such as pain management or organ donation 19. Contributions of Florence Nightingale: dressing changes, washing tables between patients, hand washing between patients, keeping surgical instruments in a clean environment 20. Contributions of Lilian Wald: establish house on henry street to provide care for immigrants, having services done in homes. Established school of nursing, health services in school. Help getting Medicare services for children Modifiable and Non-Modifiable risk Factors: - Modifiable: weight, habits, diet, smoking, drinking. This study source was downloaded by 100000773703072 from CourseHero.com on 07-27-2024 16:47:25 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/159606528/NR-442-Community-Health-Nursing-Study-Guide-Exam-one-2022docx/  - Non: genetics Tuskegee Syphilis Study: observe the natural progression of syphilis that is untreated. This was a blind study; penicillin was the recommended treatment. 21. Chains of transmission: infectious agent reservoir portal of exit mode of transmission portal of entry susceptible host This study source was downloaded by 100000773703072 from CourseHero.com on 07-27-2024 16:47:25 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/159606528/NR-442-Community-Health-Nursing-Study-Guide-Exam-one-2022docx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)