Climatic Design WK 2 PDF

ARCH 400 | CLIMATIC DESIGN ARCH. JIFFER JOHN L. TAALA, UAP, PSPE, MSSD Climate Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to- month or even year-to-year. A region’s weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30...

ARCH 400 | CLIMATIC DESIGN ARCH. JIFFER JOHN L. TAALA, UAP, PSPE, MSSD Climate Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to- month or even year-to-year. A region’s weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/all-about- climate Weather Weather is the state of the atmosphere, including temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloud cover. It differs from climate, which is all weather conditions for a particular location averaged over about 30 years. Weather is influenced by latitude, altitude, and local and regional geography. It impacts the way people dress each day and the types of structures built. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/resource- library-weather What Makes Weather? There are six main components, or parts, of weather. They are temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloudiness. Together, these components describe the weather at any given time. These changing components, along with the knowledge of atmospheric processes, help meteorologists— scientists who study weather—forecast what the weather will be in the near future. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/weather What Are the Different Climate Types? There are approximately five main climate types on Earth: Tropical In this hot and humid zone, the average temperatures are greater than 64°F (18°C) year-round and there is more than 59 inches of precipitation each year. Dry These climate zones are so dry because moisture is rapidly evaporated from the air and there is very little precipitation. Temperate In this zone, there are typically warm and humid summers with thunderstorms and mild winters. Continental These regions have warm to cool summers and very cold winters. In the winter, this zone can experience snowstorms, strong winds, and very cold temperatures—sometimes falling below -22°F (-30°C)! Polar In the polar climate zones, it’s extremely cold. Even in summer, the temperatures here never go higher than 50°F (10°C)! Köppen climate classification Tropical climates Tropical climates are characterized by constant high temperatures (at sea level and low elevations); all 12 months of the year have average temperatures of 18 °C (64.4 °F) or higher; and generally high annual precipitation. Vernacular buildings in tropical climates Vernacular buildings in tropical climates Vernacular buildings in tropical climates Vernacular buildings in tropical climates Arid (desert and semi-arid) climates Desert areas situated along the west coasts of continents at tropical or near-tropical locations characterized by frequent fog and low clouds, despite the fact that these places rank among the driest on earth in terms of actual precipitation received are labelled BWn with the n denoting a climate characterized by frequent fog. Typical buildings in arid climates Typical buildings in arid climates Temperate/ mesothermal climates These climates are in the polar front region in winter, and thus have moderate temperatures and changeable, rainy weather. Summers are hot and dry, due to the domination of the subtropical high pressure systems, except in the immediate coastal areas, where summers are milder due to the nearby presence of cold ocean currents that may bring fog but prevent rain. Typical buildings in temperate climates Typical buildings in temperate climates Typical buildings in temperate climates Continental/ microthermal climates These climates have an average temperature above 10 °C (50 °F) in their warmest months, and a coldest month average below 0 °C (or −3 °C (27 °F), as noted previously). These usually occur in the interiors of continents and on their upper east coasts, normally north of 40°N. In the Southern Hemisphere, group D climates are extremely rare due to the smaller land masses in the middle latitudes and the almost complete absence of land at 40–60°S, existing only in some highland locations. Typical buildings in Continental climates Typical buildings in Continental climates Polar climates In the Köppen climate system, polar climates are defined as the warmest temperature of any month is below 10 °C (50 °F). Polar climates are further divided into two types, tundra climates and icecap climates. Typical buildings in Polar climates Typical buildings in Polar climates Asia: Climate Asia covers one-third of the Earth's surface and almost every known climate occurs on this continent. It is the largest and most climatically continental, has the highest average elevation above sea level, and is wettest, coldest and physically most diverse of all continents. Other than climate, few common denominators unite this vast land mass (Tsuchiya, 1964; Dando, 1983a,b; Oliver, 1984). Climates in Asia are subject to land influences as opposed to maritime influences, and seasonal variations in temperature and moisture are extreme. Asia's climates differ from region to region because of variations in the amount, intensity and spatial distribution of solar energy, temperature, humidity and precipitation, atmospheric pressure and winds and storms, but there is unity in Asia's climatic diversity that is provided by the monsoon effect. Latitudinal differences in the amount of solar energy received provide the basic climatic control for Asia, extending from well above the Arctic Circle... (William A. Dando, n.d.) South East Asia: Climate Southeast Asia lies between the continental influence of the rest of Asia to the north and the more oceanic influence of the Indian and Pacific Oceans to the south and the east respectively. While its overall net energy balance is very much determined by its latitudinal position, which is approximately between 20°N and 10°S, the locational factors referred to above largely give the regional climate its distinctive character. Within the broad latitudinal extent defined above, the Southeast Asian region has often been conveniently separated into two sub-areas: continental and insular Southeast Asia. In some ways these sub-regions represent a valid delineation into the more seasonal climatic region influenced by the monsoon system of winds and the uniformly humid equatorial climate. The former comprises Myanmar, Thailand, Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Viet Nam, while the latter includes Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and the Philippines. huan, Goh. (2005). The Climate of Southeast Asia. 10.1093/oso/9780199248025.003.0015. Philippines: Climate The Climate of the Philippines is tropical and maritime. It is characterized by relatively high temperature, high humidity and abundant rainfall. It is similar in many respects to the climate of the countries of Central America. Temperature, humidity, and rainfall, which are discussed hereunder, are the most important elements of the country's weather and climate. https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/climate- philippines#:~:text=The%20Climate%20of%20the%20Philippines,the%20countries %20of%20Central%20America. Climate Types Based on the distribution of rainfall, four climate types are recognized, which are described as follows: Typhoons have a great influence on the climate and weather conditions of the Philippines. A great portion of the rainfall, humidity and cloudiness are due to the influence of typhoons. They generally originate in the region of the Marianas and Caroline Islands of the Pacific Ocean which have the same latitudinal location as Mindanao. Their movements follow a northwesterly direction, sparing Mindanao from being directly hit by majority of the typhoons that cross the country. This makes the southern Philippines very desirable for agriculture and industrial development. https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/climate- philippines#:~:text=The%20Climate%20of%20the%20Philippines,the%20countries%20of%20 Central%20America. Mindanao Axial Tilt Earth's axis is not perpendicular. It has an axial tilt, or obliquity. Axial tilt is the angle between the planet's rotational axis and its orbital axis. A planet's orbital axis is perpendicular to the ecliptic or orbital plane, the thin disk surrounding the sun and extending to the edge of the solar system. Earth's axial tilt (also known as the obliquity of the ecliptic) is about 23.5 degrees. Due to this axial tilt, the sun shines on different latitudes at different angles throughout the year. This causes the seasons. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/axis Seasonal Configuration of Earth & Sun Seasonal Configuration of Earth & Sun Typical vernacular buildings in the Philippines Typical vernacular buildings in the Philippines Typical vernacular buildings in the Philippines Typical vernacular buildings in the Philippines Typical vernacular buildings in the Philippines Typical vernacular buildings in the Philippines Typical vernacular buildings in the Philippines Typical vernacular buildings in the Philippines Typical vernacular buildings in the Philippines