Class 6th Geography - The Earth in the Solar System PDF

Class - VI Notes Complete Geography Crafted with love #Together we can, we will By Digraj Singh Rajput Use code - DIGRAJ To get maximum discount on all unacademy subscriptions. (CBSE 6 to 12 / IIT-JEE / NEET-UG / CA-CS / CUET / CLAT / NDA / UPSC) Fill the form given bel...

Class - VI Notes Complete Geography Crafted with love #Together we can, we will By Digraj Singh Rajput Use code - DIGRAJ To get maximum discount on all unacademy subscriptions. (CBSE 6 to 12 / IIT-JEE / NEET-UG / CA-CS / CUET / CLAT / NDA / UPSC) Fill the form given below before taking admission at the unacademy offline centres and get additional discount on all courses. Click here for form link CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Introduction: ❖ Have you ever notice Sky after sunset CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Introduction: ❖ Earth and the whole universe is full of wonder. Sun, Moon, Planets and many more things. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Introduction: ❖ What are we going to study in this chapter? Celestial body The solar system The Sun The Earth The Moon Planets Asteroids and Meteoroids CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Celestial Bodies: ❖ In the night sky you see bright stars and moon. However the shape of the moon keeps changing. Full Moon = Purnima New Moon = Amavasya ❖ But why don’t we see them during day time? ➔ Due to the bright sunshine The sun, the moon and all those objects shining in the night sky are called Celestial Body.  CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Celestial Bodies: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Celestial Bodies: ❖ Some Celestial bodies are very big and hot. They have their own heat and light. They are known as stars. E.g. Sun ❖ If sun is a star then why other stars are not so bright like sun. Why they are so tiny, why don’t we feel their heat? Reason is distance E.g. Airplane also looks small when it is flying at a great height. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Constellations: ❖ What are Constellation? The group of star which forms various patterns. These are called Constellations. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Constellations: ❖ One of the most easily recognisable constellation is Saptarishi The group of seven stars ❖ In ancient times, people used to determine directions during night with the help of stars. The north star in the Saptarishi indicates North pole. ∴ It is also known as Polestar. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Constellations: ❖ Some celestial bodies do not have their own heat and light. They are lit by the light of the stars. कैसे?? They are known as Planets ❖ The word planet comes from the Greek word. Planetai Mean Wanders ❖ The Earth is a planet and Moon is the Satellite of the Earth Similarly, there are many other planets, together forming the solar system. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM The Solar System: ❖ The sun and its family is known as Solar System. The sun, eight planets, satellites and some other celestial bodies known as asteroids and meteoroids form the solar system. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM The Solar System: Inner Planets Outer Planets very close to the sun. They are made up of Very-very far from the sun and are rocks. huge planets made up of gases and Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars liquids. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM The Sun: The sun is the centre of the solar system. It is huge and made up of extremely hot gases. It is the ultimate source of heat and light. It provides the pulling force that binds the solar system. Despite being our nearest star it is about 150 million km away from the Earth. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Planets: ❖ There are eight planets in our solar system. In order of their distance from the sun they are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. My Very Efficient Mother Just Served Us Nuts/Noodles ❖ Planet move in their fixed paths they are known as orbits. Different planets takes different time period to complete its revolution around the sun. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Planets: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Planets: 1. MERCURY - One orbit around sun - 88 days, One spin on axis - 59 days. 2. VENUS - One orbit around sun - 255 days. One spin on axis - 243 days. 3. EARTH - One orbit around sun - 365 days. One spin on axis - 1 day Number of moons - 1 4. MARS - One orbit around sun - 687 days One spin on axis - 1 day, number of moons - 02 5. JUPITER - One orbit around sun - 11 years, 11 months about 12 years. One spin on axis - 9 hours, 56 minutes, number of moons - about 79. 6. SATURN - One orbit around sun - 29 years, 5 months. One spin on axis - 10 hours 40 minutes, number of moons - about 62. 7. URANUS - One orbit around sun - 84 years. One spin around axis - 17 hours 14 minutes, number of moons - about 27. 8. NEPTUNE - One orbit around sun - 164 years. One spin on axis-16 hours 7 minutes, number of moons - 14. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Planets: ❖ Interesting Facts about Planets: ➔ Mercury is the nearest planet to the sun yet it is not the hottest planet. ➔ Venus is considered as ‘Earth’s twin’ Similarity with earth in terms of size and shape ➔ In August 2006, International Astronomical union declared pluto as a “Dwarf planet” ➔ Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus have rings around them. These ring belts of small debris. They may be seen from the earth with the help of powerful telescope. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM The Earth: ❖ Our Planet: ➔ It is the third nearest planet to the sun. ➔ In size it is the fifth largest planet. ➔ It is slightly Flattened at the poles. ∴ it is described as a Geoid. ➔ Earth supports life Favourable conditions to support life. Neither too hot nor too cold. Has water and air [oxygen]. ➔ The earth is also called as blue planet. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM The Moon: ❖ Moon is the satellite of the earth. A Celestial body that moves around the planet. ❖ Its diameter is only one-quarter that of the earth. ❖ Why does it appear so big to us. Because it is nearer to Earth as compared to other celestial body. It is about 3,84,400 km away from earth. ❖ Moon takes around 27 days to complete one round around the earth. ❖ The spinning time of the earth is same as the earth. ∴ We always see the same face of the moon. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM The Moon: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM The Moon: ❖ Why don’t we live on the moon? ➔ Moon does not have conditions favourable for life. ➔ It has neither water nor air. ❖ Why do we see shadows on the moon’s surface? ➔ Moon has mountains, plains and depressions on its surface due to which we see shadows over it. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Human-Made Satellite: ❖ Recall What is a satellite? Celestial body that moves around the planets. ❖ There are various other body/objects/satellites which are not natural. ❖ Humans launch different satellite into outer Human made satellite Space for various purposes such as weather Forecasting. Study of space and other celestial bodies etc. ❖ How a satellite is sent into space? CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Human-Made Satellite: ❖ A Human-made Satellite is an artificial body. It is designed by scientists to gather information about the universe or for communication. It is carried by a rocket and placed in the orbit around the earth. ❖ Some of the Indian Satellites in space are INSAT, IRS, EDUSAT etc. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Asteroids and Meteoroids: ❖ Apart from stars, planets and satellites there are numerous tiny bodies which also move around the sun. Asteroids Meteoroids ❖ Big particles of rock move around ❖ The small pieces of rocks which moves the sun. around the sun. ❖ They are found between the ❖ These meteoroids come near the earth orbits of Mars and Jupiter. and drop upon it. ❖ Scientists believe that asteroids are parts of a planet which Most of the time in this process due to exploded many years back. friction with the air they get heated up and burn. Shooting star CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Asteroids and Meteoroids: Asteroid belt Shooting Star CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Galaxy: ❖ What is Galaxy? Galaxy is a cluster of millions of stars and clouds of dust and gases. They consist various celestial bodies. Our planet is a part of Milky way galaxy. In ancient India, it was imagined as a river of Akash Ganga light floating in the sky. + ❖ Millions of Galaxies makes up the Universe CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Introduction: ❖ Have you ever notice Sky after sunset CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Introduction: ❖ Earth and the whole universe is full of wonder. Sun, Moon, Planets and many more things. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Introduction: ❖ What are we going to study in this chapter? Celestial body The solar system The Sun The Earth The Moon Planets Asteroids and Meteoroids CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Celestial Bodies: ❖ In the night sky you see bright stars and moon. However the shape of the moon keeps changing. Full Moon = Purnima New Moon = Amavasya ❖ But why don’t we see them during day time? ➔ Due to the bright sunshine The sun, the moon and all those objects shining in the night sky are called Celestial Body.  CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Celestial Bodies: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Celestial Bodies: ❖ Some Celestial bodies are very big and hot. They have their own heat and light. They are known as stars. E.g. Sun ❖ If sun is a star then why other stars are not so bright like sun. Why they are so tiny, why don’t we feel their heat? Reason is distance E.g. Airplane also looks small when it is flying at a great height. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Constellations: ❖ What are Constellation? The group of star which forms various patterns. These are called Constellations. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Constellations: ❖ One of the most easily recognisable constellation is Saptarishi The group of seven stars ❖ In ancient times, people used to determine directions during night with the help of stars. The north star in the Saptarishi indicates North pole. ∴ It is also known as Polestar. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Constellations: ❖ Some celestial bodies do not have their own heat and light. They are lit by the light of the stars. कैसे?? They are known as Planets ❖ The word planet comes from the Greek word. Planetai Mean Wanders ❖ The Earth is a planet and Moon is the Satellite of the Earth Similarly, there are many other planets, together forming the solar system. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM The Solar System: ❖ The sun and its family is known as Solar System. The sun, eight planets, satellites and some other celestial bodies known as asteroids and meteoroids form the solar system. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM The Solar System: Inner Planets Outer Planets very close to the sun. They are made up of Very-very far from the sun and are rocks. huge planets made up of gases and Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars liquids. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM The Sun: The sun is the centre of the solar system. It is huge and made up of extremely hot gases. It is the ultimate source of heat and light. It provides the pulling force that binds the solar system. Despite being our nearest star it is about 150 million km away from the Earth. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Planets: ❖ There are eight planets in our solar system. In order of their distance from the sun they are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. My Very Efficient Mother Just Served Us Nuts/Noodles ❖ Planet move in their fixed paths they are known as orbits. Different planets takes different time period to complete its revolution around the sun. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Planets: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Planets: 1. MERCURY - One orbit around sun - 88 days, One spin on axis - 59 days. 2. VENUS - One orbit around sun - 255 days. One spin on axis - 243 days. 3. EARTH - One orbit around sun - 365 days. One spin on axis - 1 day Number of moons - 1 4. MARS - One orbit around sun - 687 days One spin on axis - 1 day, number of moons - 02 5. JUPITER - One orbit around sun - 11 years, 11 months about 12 years. One spin on axis - 9 hours, 56 minutes, number of moons - about 79. 6. SATURN - One orbit around sun - 29 years, 5 months. One spin on axis - 10 hours 40 minutes, number of moons - about 62. 7. URANUS - One orbit around sun - 84 years. One spin around axis - 17 hours 14 minutes, number of moons - about 27. 8. NEPTUNE - One orbit around sun - 164 years. One spin on axis-16 hours 7 minutes, number of moons - 14. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Planets: ❖ Interesting Facts about Planets: ➔ Mercury is the nearest planet to the sun yet it is not the hottest planet. ➔ Venus is considered as ‘Earth’s twin’ Similarity with earth in terms of size and shape ➔ In August 2006, International Astronomical union declared pluto as a “Dwarf planet” ➔ Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus have rings around them. These ring belts of small debris. They may be seen from the earth with the help of powerful telescope. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM The Earth: ❖ Our Planet: ➔ It is the third nearest planet to the sun. ➔ In size it is the fifth largest planet. ➔ It is slightly Flattened at the poles. ∴ it is described as a Geoid. ➔ Earth supports life Favourable conditions to support life. Neither too hot nor too cold. Has water and air [oxygen]. ➔ The earth is also called as blue planet. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM The Moon: ❖ Moon is the satellite of the earth. A Celestial body that moves around the planet. ❖ Its diameter is only one-quarter that of the earth. ❖ Why does it appear so big to us. Because it is nearer to Earth as compared to other celestial body. It is about 3,84,400 km away from earth. ❖ Moon takes around 27 days to complete one round around the earth. ❖ The spinning time of the earth is same as the earth. ∴ We always see the same face of the moon. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM The Moon: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM The Moon: ❖ Why don’t we live on the moon? ➔ Moon does not have conditions favourable for life. ➔ It has neither water nor air. ❖ Why do we see shadows on the moon’s surface? ➔ Moon has mountains, plains and depressions on its surface due to which we see shadows over it. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Human-Made Satellite: ❖ Recall What is a satellite? Celestial body that moves around the planets. ❖ There are various other body/objects/satellites which are not natural. ❖ Humans launch different satellite into outer Human made satellite Space for various purposes such as weather Forecasting. Study of space and other celestial bodies etc. ❖ How a satellite is sent into space? CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Human-Made Satellite: ❖ A Human-made Satellite is an artificial body. It is designed by scientists to gather information about the universe or for communication. It is carried by a rocket and placed in the orbit around the earth. ❖ Some of the Indian Satellites in space are INSAT, IRS, EDUSAT etc. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Asteroids and Meteoroids: ❖ Apart from stars, planets and satellites there are numerous tiny bodies which also move around the sun. Asteroids Meteoroids ❖ Big particles of rock move around ❖ The small pieces of rocks which moves the sun. around the sun. ❖ They are found between the ❖ These meteoroids come near the earth orbits of Mars and Jupiter. and drop upon it. ❖ Scientists believe that asteroids are parts of a planet which Most of the time in this process due to friction exploded many years back. with the air they get heated up and burn. Shooting star CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Asteroids and Meteoroids: Asteroid belt Shooting Star CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Galaxy: ❖ What is Galaxy? Galaxy is a cluster of millions of stars and clouds of dust and gases. They consist various celestial bodies. Our planet is a part of Milky way galaxy. In ancient India, it was imagined as a river of Akash Ganga light floating in the sky. + ❖ Millions of Galaxies makes up the Universe CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Galaxy: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Interesting facts: ❖ We all are fascinated to know about the space and heavenly bodies. Those who study the celestial bodies and their movements are called Astronomers ❖ Aryabhata was a famous astronomer of ancient India. ❖ Light travels at the speed of about 300,000 km per second. Yet, even with this speed, the light of the sun takes about eight minutes to reach the earth. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM Interesting facts: ❖ Neil Armstrong was the first man to step on the surface of the moon on 21 July 1969. ❖ Find out whether any Indian has landed on the moon? Neil Armstrong Rakesh sharma CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - THE EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES Introduction: Significance CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES Introduction: What we are going to study in this chapter? ➔ Basic feature [Axis, poles, latitudes and longitudes] ➔ Important parallels of latitudes. ➔ Heat zones of earth. ➔ What are longitudes? ➔ Longitude and time. ➔ Why do we have standard time? ➔ NCERT Solutions CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES Basic Feature of Globe: Axis Poles Equator Longitude Latitude North South CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES Basic Feature of Globe: ❖ Line imagined from the middle of the earth’s axis. Two points on the globe through which the needle passes are two poles. North Pole South Pole The axis and poles are imaginary lines. The earth moves from west to east. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES Basic Feature of Globe: ➔ Similarly, another imaginary line running on the globe divides it into two equal parts. Equator Half north to the equator is known as northern hemisphere. Half south to the equator is known as southern hemisphere. Importance ➔ All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels of latitudes. ➔ Equator Represents the zero degree. The distance from the equator to either of the poles is one-fourth of a circle round the earth. ∴ The distance between the equator and pole is 900. Explain CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES Basic Feature of Globe: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES Basic Feature of Globe: ➔ All such parallel latitudes are classified as: North latitude & South latitude ∴ The value of each latitude is followed by either the word ‘N’ or ‘S’. Example Chandrapur in Maharashtra in India. Belo horizonte, Brazil. Located on parallel of 200 latitude. अलग क्या है ? 200 N and 200 S ➔ As we move away from the equator, the size of the parallels of latitude decreases. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES Basic Feature of Globe: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES Important Parallels of Latitudes: ➔ Beside the equator , the north pole (900 N) and the south pole (900 S). There are four important parallels of latitudes - I. Tropic of Cancer (23½° N) in the Northern Hemisphere. II. Tropic of Capricorn (23½° S) in the Southern Hemisphere. III. Arctic Circle at 66½° north of the equator. IV. Antarctic Circle at 66½° south of the equator. क्या? क्यों? कैसे? CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES Heat Zones of the Earth: Heat Zones Torrid zone The mid-day sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all latitudes in between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. ∴ This area receives the maximum heat. Temperate zone Mid-day sun never shines overhead on latitude beyond the tropics. [Tropic of cancer and Tropic of capricorn] The angle of the sun’s rays goes on decreasing towards the poles. ∴ This zones has moderate temperatures. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES Heat Zones of the Earth: Frigid zones Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Area lying between the arctic Area lying between antarctica circle and north pole. circle and south pole. This zones is very cold. Rays are always slanting and provide less heat. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES What are Longitudes? ❖ Latitudes are not enough to fix the position of a place. Explain Tonga Islands Mauritius Island ∴ In order to locate the places precisely, we must know how far Longitude east or west these places are from a given line of reference. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES What are Longitudes? Longitudes Imaginary lines running from North pole to South pole these lines of references are known as meridians of longitude, divide into equal degrees. They are semicircles. The distance between them decreases steadily polewards until it becomes zero at the poles. Prime meridian Meridian which pass through Greenwich, where the British Royal observatory is located. Its value is 0° longitude and from it we count 180° eastward as well as 180° westward. 0 0 Western Eastern Helpful on W E locating places. hemisphere hemisphere Prime meridian CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES Longitude and Time: ➔ Do you know how time was measured before the invention of clock. By the movement of earth, the moon and the planet. = Time of a place The earth rotates from west to east. Places east of Greenwich will be ahead of Greenwich time and those to the west will be behind it. Calculation of time is mathematical Explain CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES Why do We Have Standard Time? ➔ Time on different meridians is bound to be different. ➔ Time lag of about 1 hour and 45 minutes between Dwarka and Dibrugarh. Problem Solution ∴ It is necessary to adopt the local time of some central meridian of a country as the standard time for the country. ➔ In India the longitude of 82½° E (82° 30'E) is treated as the standard Relate the whole concept meridian. with the cricket Indian Standard Time (IST) match How does it solve the problem? CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES NCERT Solutions: Que 1. Answer the following question: I. What is the true shape of the earth? Ans. The true shape of the earth is globe or the shape that is sphere but flattened at the poles and bulge in the middle. II. What is a globe? Ans. A globe is a true model of the earth. It shows the earth in its real shape with continents, oceans and tilt on its axis. III. What is the latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer? Ans. The latitudinal value of the Tropic of cancer is 23½0 N. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES NCERT Solutions: IV. What are the three heat zones of the Earth? Ans. The three heat zones are as follows: 1. Torrid zone: The area that receives maximum heat is called Torrid zone. 2. Temperate zone: The regions of moderate temperature are called Temperate zone. 3. Frigid zone: The region with extremely low temperature is called Frigid zone. V. What are parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude? Ans. Parallels of latitudes: All parallel circles from the equator upto the poles are called parallels of latitudes. This is an imaginary lie and measured in degree. Meridians of longitudes: All of the imaginary lines running from the North Pole to South Pole. the distance between them is measured in degrees. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES NCERT Solutions: VI. Why does the torrid zone receive maximum amount of heat? Ans. The mid-day sun at least once in a year is exactly overhead on all latitudes in area between the tropic of Cancer and tropic of Capricorn. Therefore, the Torrid zone receives the maximum amount of heat. VII. Why is it 5.30 p.m. in India and 12.00 noon in London? Ans. India located at 820 30’ East of Greenwich is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich meantime. That’s why if it is 5:30 p.m. in India, it will be 12:00 noon in London. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES NCERT Solutions: Que 2. Tick the correct answers. I. The value of the prime meridian is III. The total number of longitudes are a. 90° a. 360 b. 0° b. 180 c. 60° c. 90 II. The frigid zone lies near a. The Poles b. The Equator c. The Tropic of Cancer CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES NCERT Solutions: IV. The Antarctic circle is located in: a. The Northern hemisphere b. The Southern hemisphere c. The Eastern hemisphere V. Grid is a network of - a. Parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitudes b. The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn c. The North Pole and the South Pole CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - GLOBE : LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES NCERT Solutions: Que 3. Fill in the blanks. a. The Tropic of Capricorn is located at _________________. b. The Standard Meridian of India is ____________________. c. The 0° Meridian is also known as ____________________. d. The distance between the longitudes decreases towards___________. e. The Arctic Circle is located in the ____________ hemisphere. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH Introduction: ❖ The earth has two types of motion: Rotation Revolution CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH Introduction: What we are going to study in this chapter? ➔ Rotation and Revolution - Their implications. ➔ Orbit ➔ Summer solstice ➔ Winter solstice ➔ Equinox ➔ NCERT Solutions CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH Motions of the Earth: The earth has two types of motion: Rotation Revolution Movement of earth on its own axis. Movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path known as its orbit. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH Motions of the Earth: The axis of the earth makes an angle of 66½ with its orbital plane. ∴ Tilted while revolving around the sun. ➔ Spherical shape of the earth. The portion facing the sun experiences day while the other half away from the sun experiences night. Circle of illumination CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH Motions of the Earth: ➔ This circle does not coincide with the axis. ➔ Earth takes about 24 hrs to complete one rotation around its axis. Earth day What would happen if the earth did not rotate? Extreme condition Life would not be possible. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH Motions of the Earth: Revolution Phenomenons related to it. It takes around 365 days to revolve around the sun. One year Six hours saved every year are added to make one day (24 hours) over a span of four years. The earth is going around the sun in an ∴ In every four year there there is a year with elliptical orbit. 366 days. Leap year CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH Motions of the Earth: Elliptical orbit Inclined Seasons [summer, winter, spring and autumn] Summer solstice Winter solstice Summer in northern hemisphere. Summer in southern hemisphere. North pole is inclined towards the sun. Tropic of capricorn receives the direct sun Tropic of cancer receives the direct sun rays. rays and south pole is tilted towards sun. 21st June [longest day and shortest night] 22nd December [longest day and shortest Conditions are reserved in southern night in southern hemisphere] hemisphere. Equinox CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH Motions of the Earth: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH Motions of the Earth: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH Motions of the Earth: Equinox When the direct rays of sun falls on the equator. Neither of the pole is tilted towards the sun. ∴ The whole earth experiences equal days and equal nights. 23rd September 21st March Equinox Autumn season Spring season ➔ Rotation : Day and Night. ➔ Revolution : Changes in the season. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH Motions of the Earth: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH Motions of the Earth: Autumn season Spring season CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solutions: Que 1. Answer the following questions briefly. I. What is the angle of inclination of the earth’s axis with its orbital plane? Ans. The angle of inclination of the Earth’s axis with its orbital plane is 66.5 o. II. Define rotation and revolution. Ans. Rotation - Rotation is the movement of the Earth on its axis. Revolutions - The movement of the Earth around the sun in an orbit (fixed path) is called revolution (second type of motion of the Earth). It takes 365 days (one year) and 6 hours to revolve once around the sun. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solutions: III. What is a leap year? Ans. The movement of the Earth on its axis around the sun takes 365 days and 6 hours. We ignore six hours for the sake of convenience and consider a year consisting of 365 days. Saved six hours are added to make a day (24 hours) over span of four years. This surplus day is added to the month of February and in every fourth year, February is of 29 days in spite of 28 days. The year with 366 days is called a leap year. IV. Differentiate between the Summer and Winter Solstice. Ans. Summer Solstice: The days are longer with shorter nights in Northern hemisphere in summer while the conditions are reversed in the Southern hemisphere. This position of the Earth is called the summer solstice. Winter Solstice: The Southern hemisphere experiences summer and it is winter in Northern hemisphere. The days are longer with shorter night in Southern Hemisphere. This position of the Earth is called the winter solstice. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solutions: V. What is an equinox? Ans. On 21st March and 23rd September, the whole Earth experiences equal nights because neither of the poles is tilted towards the sun and the equator receives direct sun days, this is called an equinox. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solutions: VI. Why does the Southern Hemisphere experience Winter and Summer Solstice in different times than that of the Northern Hemisphere? Ans. The Southern hemisphere experiences winter and summer solstice in different times than that of the Northern hemisphere because of the Earth’s inclination and revolution. The tropic of Capricorn receives direct sun rays due to titling of South Pole towards the sun on 22nd December. The vertically falling sun rays at the tropic of Capricorn 23.5oS provide heat to a larger portion of it. Therefore, it is summer in Southern hemisphere and winter in Northern hemisphere. On 21st June, the Northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun. These areas receive more heat because sun rays fall directly on the tropic of Cancer and it is sumer there while winter in Southern hemisphere. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solutions: VII. Why do the poles experience about six months day and six months night? Ans. The north Pole remains inclined towards the sun for six months due to which places beyond the Arctic circle experience continuous daylight for about six months while South Pole remains away from the sun for six months and experiences night for same period. The same condition reverses for the next six months when South Pole inclines towards the sun and experiences day while North Pole experiences night. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solutions: Que 2. Tick the correct answers. I. The movement of the earth around the sun is III. Christmas is celebrated in summer in known as a. Japan a. Rotation b. India b. Revolution c. Australia c. Inclination IV. Cycle of the seasons is caused due to II. Direct rays of the sun fall on the equator on a. Rotation a. 21 March b. Revolution b. 21 June c. Gravitation c. 22 December CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MOTIONS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solutions: Que 3. Fill in the blanks. a. A leap year has _______________ number of days. b. The daily motion of the earth is _______________. c. The earth travels around the sun in ______________ orbit. d. The sun’s rays fall vertically on the Tropic of ___________ on 21st June. e. Days are shorter during ___________ season. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS Introduction: Globe VS Map ➔ Limitation of the globe Size ∴ we use Helpful only in studying in earth as a whole. maps. A map is a representation or a drawing of the earth’s surface or a part of it drawn on a ➔ Maps are useful for the various purposes. flat surface according to a scale. Map shows a small area and a few facts. Map may contain as many facts as a big book. Many maps are put together we get an Atlas. Maps provide more information than a globe. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS Introduction: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS Introduction: What we are going to study in this chapter? ➔ Different types of maps. ➔ Components of map - Distance, Direction and Symbol ➔ Sketch ➔ Plan ➔ NCERT Solution CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS Different Types of Maps: Physical Maps Maps showing natural features of the earth. Mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, oceans. Political Maps Maps showing cities, towns and villages, and different countries and states of the world with their boundaries are called political maps. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS Different Types of Maps: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS Different Types of Maps: Thematic Maps Some maps focus on specific information; such as road maps, rainfall maps, maps showing distribution of forests, industries etc. are known as thematic maps. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS Components of Maps - Distance: ❖ Maps World or part of it on a sheet of paper. Issue of distance. ➔ It can only be possible when a small distance on paper represents a large distance on the ground. Scale ➔ Scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map. ❖ Small scale map: Scale used to show large areas like continents or countries. ❖ Large scale map: Scale used to show small area like village or town. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS Components of Maps - Direction: ❖ You might have seen N in many maps. = North Direction When you know the north, you can find out other directions, for example east, west and south. How? Cardinal direction Cardinal directions : North, South, East and West. Intermediate direction : North - East, South - East, South - West, South and South - West. Practical CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS Components of Maps - Direction: a. The direction of the Community Centre, the playground from Vikas’s house. b. The direction of school from shops. ❖ Use of compass to find more directions. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS Components of Maps - Symbol: ❖ Is it possible to draw actual shape and size of different feature such as building, roads etc on map. Practically not ∴ These features are shown by using certain letters, shades, colours, pictures and lines. How? With the use of these symbols, maps can be drawn easily and are simple to read. Maps have a universal language that can be understood by all. Conventional Symbol ➔ Various colours are used for the same purpose. For example, generally blue is used for showing water bodies, brown for mountain, yellow for plateau and green is used for plains. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS Components of Maps - Symbol: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS Sketch: Sketch A sketch is a drawing mainly based on memory and spot observation and not to scale. ❖ Sketch is a rough drawing. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS Plan: ❖ A plan is a drawing of a small area on a large scale. Large - Scale Map Limitation ➔ Plans are a set to two dimensional diagrams or drawings used to describe a place or an object. We can refer these drawings to scale. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS NCERT Solution: Que 1. Answer the following question. I. What are the three components of a map? Ans. The three components of a map are distance, direction and symbol. II. What are the four cardinal directions? Ans. The four cardinal directions are North, South, East and West. III. What do you mean by the term ‘the scale of the map’? Ans. The ratio between the distance on the paper and the distance on the ground is called the scale of the map. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS NCERT Solution: IV. How are maps more helpful than a globe? Ans. Maps are more useful than a globe because they provide more information than a globe. A globe is useful when we want to study the earth as a whole, on the other hand, maps are useful when we have to study a specific location, place or an area. Apart from this, maps are made with specific information with various landforms and locations of a particular area. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS NCERT Solution: V. Distinguish between a map and a plan. Ans. Map Plan 1. Map is drawing of a particular area. 1. A plan is a drawing of a small area on a 2. Map is drawn on a small scale generally. large scale. 3. Maps contain important geographical 2. A plan is drawn on a large scale. information. 3. A plan contains detailed information of small area or location. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS NCERT Solution: VI. Which map provides detailed information? Ans. Thematic map provides detailed information. VII. How do symbols help in reading maps? Ans. Symbols give a lot of information in a limited space. Maps have a universal language (symbol) so that any person speaking any language can understand it. We can collect information from maps with the help of symbols. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAPS NCERT Solution: Que 2. Tick the correct answers. I. Maps showing distribution of forests are III. A compass is used - a. Physical map a. To show symbols b. Thematic Map b. To find the main direction c. Political map c. To measure distance II. The blue colour is used for showing IV. A scale is necessary a. Water bodies a. For a map b. Mountains b. For a sketch c. Plains c. For symbols CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Introduction: Earth Only planet that supports the life. Land, Water and Air ➔ The surface of the earth Three main components of the environment meet,overlap and interact. Lithosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere Solid portion of land part. The gaseous layer that Part covering the water. surrounds the earth. Biosphere The narrow zone where we find land, water and air. Life CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Introduction: What we are going to study in this chapter? ➔ Lithosphere [Continents] ➔ Hydrosphere [Oceans] ➔ Atmosphere ➔ Biosphere The domain of life ➔ NCERT Solution CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Lithosphere: ❖ It comprises the rocks of the earth’s crust and the thin layers of soil that contain nutrient elements which sustain organisms. Two main divisions of the earth’s surface. Continents Ocean basins ➔ Is the landmass [Lithosphere] of the world connected? ➔ Concept of sea level. The highest mountain peak Mt. Everest is 8,848 metres above the sea level. The greatest depth of 11,022 metres is recorded at Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Lithosphere: Mt. Everest Mariana Trench CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Lithosphere: Formation of Trench Formation of Mountains CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Continents: Continents Landmass separated by water bodies. There are seven major continents: Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Continents: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Continents: Asia Largest continent It covers about one third of the total land area of the earth. The Tropic of Cancer passes through this continent. Asia is separated from Europe by the Ural mountains on the west. The combined landmass of Europe and Asia is called the Eurasia (Europe + Asia). CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Continents: Europe Europe is much smaller than Asia. The continent lies to the west of Asia. The Arctic Circle passes through it. It is bound by water bodies on three sides. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Continents: Africa Africa is the second largest continent after Asia. The Equator or 00 latitude runs almost through the middle of the continent. The Sahara Desert, the world’s largest hot desert, is located in Africa. The continent is bound on all sides by oceans and seas. You will notice that the world’s longest river the Nile, flows through Africa. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Continents: North America North America is the third largest continent of the world. It is linked to South America by a very narrow strip of land called the Isthmus of Panama. The continent lies completely in the Northern and Western Hemisphere CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Continents: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Continents: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Continents: South America South America lies mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. The Andes, world’s longest mountain range, runs through its length from north to south. South America has the world’s largest river, the Amazon. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Continents: Australia Australia is the smallest continent that lies entirely in the Southern Hemisphere. It is surrounded on all sides by the oceans and seas. It is called an island continent. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Continents: Antarctica Antarctica, completely in the Southern Hemisphere, is a huge continent. The South Pole lies almost at the centre of this continent. It is permanently covered with thick ice sheets. There are no permanent human settlements. India also has research stations there. These are named as Maitri and Dakshin Gangotri. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Hydrosphere: ❖ Earth Blue planet More than 71% earth is covered with water. Out of that 97% of the earth’s water is found in oceans. Large portion of water is in the form of ice sheets and glaciers. Water for use 0.03% [Fresh water]. Hence, despite being a ‘blue planet’ we face a shortage of water!! CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Oceans: ❖ Oceans are the major part of hydrosphere. ❖ The ocean waters are always moving. The three chief movements of ocean waters are: Waves Tides Ocean Current ❖ Major Oceans - The Pacific Ocean The Atlantic Ocean The Indian Ocean Southern Ocean Arctic Ocean CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Oceans: Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean. Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the earth, lies in the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is almost circular in shape. Asia, Australia, North and South Americas surround it. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Oceans: Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest Ocean in the world. It is flanked by the North and South Americas on the western side, and Europe and Africa on the eastern side. The coastline of Atlantic Ocean is highly indented. Ideal for Natural Harbour From the point of view of commerce, it is the busiest Ocean. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Oceans: Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the only ocean named after a country, that is, India. The shape of ocean is almost triangular. In the north, it is bound by Asia, in the west by Africa and in the east by Australia. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Oceans: The Southern Ocean Arctic Ocean The Southern Ocean encircles the The Arctic Ocean is located within the Arctic Circle continent of Antarctica and extends and surrounds the North Pole. northward to 60 degrees south latitude. It is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a narrow stretch of shallow water known as Bering strait. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Oceans: Bering Strait CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Atmosphere: ➔ The earth is surrounded by a layer of gas called the atmosphere. It provides us with the air we breathe and protects us from the harmful effects of sun’s rays. ➔ The atmosphere is divided into five layers based on composition, temperature and other properties. The atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen, which make up about 99 per cent of clean, dry air. Nitrogen 78 per cent, oxygen 21 per cent and other gases like carbon dioxide, argon and others comprise 1 per cent by volume. Importance CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Atmosphere: ❖ The density of the atmosphere varies with height. It is maximum at the sea level and decreases rapidly as we go up. Why? ❖ High Pressure Low Pressure Movement of wind CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Biosphere: The Domain of Life The biosphere is the narrow zone of contact between the land, water and air. Life All the living organisms including humans are linked to each other and to the biosphere for survival. Plant Kingdom Animal Kingdom ➔ Interrelation among the three domains of environment. Explain Problems CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH Biosphere: The Domain of Life CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solution: Que 1. Answer the following questions briefly. a. What are the four major domains of the earth? Ans. The four major domains of the earth are lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. b. Name the major continents of the earth. Ans. The major continents of the earth are Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Australia, Europe and Antarctica. c. Name the two continents that lie entirely in the Southern Hemisphere. Ans. Antarctica and Australia. d. Name the different layers of atmosphere. Ans. The different layers of atmosphere are the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere and the exosphere. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solution: e. Why is the earth called the ‘blue planet’? Ans. The earth is called ‘blue planet’ because of excess of watery surface on it which is around 71 percent of earth’s surface. f. Why is the Northern Hemisphere called the Land Hemisphere? Ans. The major part of the landmass lies in the Northern hemisphere, hence, it is called the Land hemisphere. g. Why is the Biosphere important for living organisms? Ans. The biosphere is important for living organisms because it contains all the elements required for life, like-air, water and land, which are essential for life. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solution: Que 2. Tick the correct answers. a. The mountain range that separates Europe from Asia is - I. The Andes II. The Himalayas III. The Urals b. The continent of North America is linked to South America by - I. An Isthmus II. A Strait III. A Canal c. The major constituent of atmosphere by per cent is - I. Nitrogen II. Oxygen III. Carbon dioxide d. The domain of the earth consisting of solid rocks is - I. The Atmosphere II. The Hydrosphere III. The Lithosphere e. Which is the largest continent? I. Africa II. Asia III. Australia CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solution: Que 3. Fill in the blanks. a. The deepest point on the earth is ________ in the Pacific Ocean. b. The ________ Ocean is named after a country. c. The ________ is a narrow contact zone of land, water and air that supports life. d. The continents of Europe and Asia together are known as ________. e. The highest mountain peak on the earth is ________. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Introduction: Analyse CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Introduction: Variation in Landforms Internal process External process Leads to the upliftment and sinking of Continuous wearing down and the earth’s surface at several places. rebuilding of the land surface. Erosion : The wearing away from the earth surface. Deposition : The surface is being lowered by the process of erosion and rebuilt by the process of deposition. Occurs due to agent such as running water, ice and wind. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Introduction: What we are going to study in this chapter? Mountains Plateaus Plains Landforms and the people NCERT Solution CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Mountains: What is a mountain? A mountain is any natural elevation of the earth surface. It is considerably higher than the surrounding area. Small Sumit Because of harsh climate, less people live in the mountain areas. Since the slopes are steep, less land is available for farming. A broad base Mountains Glacier Range Types of Mountain Volcanic activity River valley CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Mountains: In some mountains, there are permanently frozen rivers of ice. They are called glaciers. Store house of water ➔ Some mountains are under sea also. Ex. Mauna Kea (Hawaii) in the Pacific Ocean is an undersea mountain. It is higher than Mount Everest being 10,205 metres high. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Mountains: Mountain Range : Mountains arranged in a line is known as mountain range. [Chain/Series of many mountains] Himalayan Alps Andes CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Mountains: Importance of Mountains ❖ Storehouse of water Rivers originates from the glacier in mountain Reservoirs are made and the water is harnessed for the use of people. Water is used for irrigation. Generation of hydroelectricity. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Mountains: Importance of Mountains ❖ The River valley and terraces are ideal for cultivation of crops. ❖ Mountains have a rich variety of flora and fauna. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Mountains: Importance of Mountains ❖ We get variety of products such as fuel, fodder, shelter and other products like gum, Raisins etc from mountains and forest over there. ❖ Mountains Idyllic site for tourists. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Types of Mountains: ➔ There are three types of mountains: Fold Mountains Block Mountain Volcanic Mountains CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Types of Mountains: Fold Mountains Formed due to the folding of earth’s crust. Major fold mountains The Himalayan mountain The Alps The Aravali The Appalachians Ural Mountains CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Types of Mountains: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Types of Mountains: Block Mountains Mountain created when large area are broken and displaced vertically. Horsts Graben The uplifted blocks The lowered blocks ➔ Example : The Rhine valley and the vosges mountains. Rhine Valley Vosges CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Types of Mountains: Volcanic Mountains Mountains formed due to volcanic activity. Example Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa Mt. Fujiyama in Japan Mt. Kilimanjaro Mt. Fujiyama CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Plateaus: What is a Plateau? ❖ A plateau is an elevated flat land. It is a flat-topped tableland standing above the surrounding area. Height Age Examples ❖ Deccan plateau in India ❖ East African Plateau in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda ❖ Western plateau of Australia. ❖ Tibetan Plateau. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Plateaus: Advantages of Plateau ➔ Rich in mineral deposits. Ex. African plateau is famous for gold and diamond mining. Chota Nagpur plateau has huge reserves of iron, coal and manganese. Gold mine of Africa Mines in Chota Nagpur Plateau CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Plateaus: Advantages of Plateau There are several waterfall in the plateau. Advantages Ex. In India, the Hundru falls in the Chota Nagpur plateau. Jog falls in Karnataka. Hundru Fall Jog Fall The Lava Plateaus Rich in black soil [Fertile and good for cultivation] CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Plains: What are Plains? ➔ Large stretches of flat land, generally not more than 200 meter above mean sea level. Formation Plains are formed by rivers. The rivers flow down the slopes of mountains and erode them. Then they deposit their load consisting of stones, sand and silt along their courses and in their valleys. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Plains: ❖ Plains are thickly populated regions of the world. Plains are very fertile. Construction of transport network is easy. Flat land is suitable for building houses and cultivation. Ex. : Ganga - Brahmaputra plains of India. : Yangtze in China. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Landforms and the People: ❖ Understand the heading. Variation in Landforms Mountains Plateau Plains Find out the difference in life. ➔ Natural calamities such as earthquakes, volcanic eruption, storms Solution and floods cause widespread destruction. Creating Awareness CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH Landforms and the People: ❖ In how many ways we use the land and water. Quite often in wasteful manner. Constructing houses on a fertile land. We throw garbage on land. Pollute river. ❖ We should avoid using such important gifts of nature in a careless manner. It is our duty to leave the earth a better place for future generations as well. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solutions: Que 1. Answer the following questions briefly. a. What are the major landforms? Ans. The major landforms are mountains, plateaus and plains. b. What is the difference between a mountain and a plateau? Ans. A mountain may have broad base and small summit with the height more than 600 meters. But, a plateau is flat-topped table standing above the surrounding area. c. What are the different types of mountains? Ans. Mountains are of three types: I. Fold mountains II. Block mountains III. Volcanic mountains CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solution: d. How are mountains useful to man? Ans. Mountains are useful in various manners. It is a storehouse of water in the form of glaciers. The water is harnessed for the use of people. They have rich variety of flora and fauna. They provide places for tourism. e. How are plains formed? Ans. Plains are formed by the deposition of river and tributaries. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solution: f. Why are the river plains thickly populated? Ans. Plains are thickly populated because they are suitable for both habitation and agriculture. The plains are productive due to availability of fertile soil. The developed transport network influence the growth of population. g. Why are mountains thinly populated? Ans. The life on mountains is tough due to harsh climate, scarcity of cultivable land and unsuitable conditions for human settlement. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solution: Que 2. Tick the correct answers. a. The mountains differ from the hills in terms of - I. Elevation II. Slope III. Aspect b. Glaciers are found in - I. The mountains II. The plains III. The plateaus c. The Deccan Plateau is located in - I. Kenya II. Australia III. India d. The river Yangtze flows in - I. South America II. Australia III. China e. An important mountain range of Europe is - I. The Andes II. The Alps III. The Rockies CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH NCERT Solution: Que 3. Fill in the blanks. 1. A ________ is an unbroken flat or a low-level land. 2. The Himalayas and the Alps are examples of _________ types of mountains. 3. _________ areas are rich in mineral deposits. 4. The ________ is a line of mountains. 5. The ________ areas are most productive for farming. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Introduction: India and its position CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Introduction: ❖ India has an area of about 3.28 million sq. km. ❖ The north-south extent from Kashmir to Kanyakumari is about 3,200 km. ❖ The east-west extent from Arunachal Pradesh to Kachchh is about 2,900 km. Diversity Landforms Vegetation Language and Culture Climate Wildlife ❖ It is the second most populous country of the world after China. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Introduction: What we are going to study in this chapter? Locational setting India’s neighbours Political and administrative division Physical division NCERT solution CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Locational Setting: India is located in the northern hemisphere. The Tropic of Cancer (23°30'N) passes almost halfway through the country. Main land of India extends between 8°4'N and 37°6'N latitudes. India extends between 68°7'E and 97°25'E longitudes. India lies in Eastern Hemisphere. To avoid the time difference between Gujarat and Arunachal Pradesh. 820 30’E has been taken as the Indian standard time. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Locational Setting: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA India’s Neighbours: Analyse ❖ Land neighbours ❖ Landlocked countries ❖ Island neighbours ❖ Palk straits CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Political and Administrative Divisions: India is a vast country Political division 28 states 8 union territories Delhi is the national capital Largest state - Rajasthan Smallest state - Goa Centre State District CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Physical Division: ➔ Physical vs Political Diversity of Physical Division Mountains, plateaus, plains, coast plains and Island. Himalayas Northern Plain Great Indian Desert Peninsular Plateau Coastal Plains Island CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Physical Division: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Physical Division: Himalayas ➔ Him + alaya mean ‘the abode of snow’. ➔ The Himalayan mountains are divided into three main parallel ranges: Great Himalaya or Himadri Middle Himalaya or Himachal Shiwalik CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Physical Division: The Northern Indian Plains The Northern Indian plains lie to the south of the Himalayas. These are formed by the alluvial deposits laid down by the rivers - The Indus, the Ganga, the Brahmaputra and their tributaries. Plains have fertile land for cultivation. ∴ Concentration of population in these plains is high. Ganga - Brahmaputra Delta CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Physical Division: The Great Indian Desert ➔ It is a dry, hot and sandy stretch of land. ➔ It has very little vegetation. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Physical Division: Peninsular Plateau ➔ It is a triangular in shape and the relief is highly uneven. Peninsular plateau have numerous hill ranges and valleys. ➔ Aravali hills ➔ Vindhyas ➔ Satpuras [Narmada and Tapi] ➔ The Western Ghats of Sahyadri ➔ Eastern Ghats ➔ The plateau is rich in minerals like coal and iron-ore. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Physical Division: Coastal Plains ➔ West of Western Ghats and the East of the Eastern Ghats lies the coastal plains. Western Coastal Plains VS Eastern Coastal Plains ➔ There are a number of east flowing rivers. The rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri drain into the Bay of Bengal. Formation of Delta. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Physical Division: Do you know? Corals are skeletons of tiny marine animals called Polyps. When the living polyps die, their skeletons are left. Other polyps grow on top of the hard skeleton which grows higher and higher, thus forming the coral islands. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Physical Division: Islands Two groups of islands also form part of India. Lakshadweep Andaman & Nicobar Located in the Arabian Sea. Located in the Bay of Bengal. Coral Island located off the South east of the Indian ocean. coast of Kerala. Tsunami Himalayas Impact CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA Physical Division: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA NCERT Solution: Que 1. Answer the following questions briefly. a. Name the major physical divisions of India. Ans. The major physical division of India are - The Himalayas; The Northern Indian Plains; The Great Indian Desert; The Peninsular Plateau; The Coastal Plains; and Group of Islands. b. India shares its land boundaries with seven countries. Name them. Ans. Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Bangladesh and Myanmar. c. Which two major rivers fall into the Arabian Sea? Ans. The river Narmada and Tapi fall into the Arabian Sea. d. Name the delta formed by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. Ans. The Sunderbans Delta. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA NCERT Solution: e. How many States and Union Territories are there in India? Which states have a common capital? Ans. There are 28 states and 8 Union Territories in India. Punjab and Haryana have common capital, i.e. Chandigarh. f. Why do a large number of people live in the Northern plains? Ans. The Northern Indian plains are generally level and flat. These are formed by the alluvial deposits laid down by the rivers- the Indus, the Ganga, the Brahmaputra and their tributaries. These river plains provide fertile land for cultivation. That is the reason for high concentration of population in these plains. g. Why is Lakshadweep known as a coral island? Ans. Lakshadweep islands are known as coral Islands because these are made up of coral reefs which are skeletons of tiny marine animals called polyps. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA NCERT Solution: Que 2. Tick the correct answers. a. The southernmost Himalayas are known as I. Shiwaliks II. Himadri III. Himachal b. Sahyadris is also known as I. Aravali II. Western Ghats III. Himadri c. The Palk Strait lies between the countries I. Sri Lanka and Maldives II. India and Sri Lanka III. India and Maldives d. The Indian islands in the Arabian Sea are known as I. Andaman and Nicobar Islands II. Lakshadweep Islands III. Maldives e. The oldest mountain range in India is the I. Aravali hills II. Western ghats III. Himalayas CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - OUR COUNTRY INDIA NCERT Solution: Que 3. Fill in the blanks. a. India has an area of about ________. b. The Greater Himalayas are also known as ________. c. The largest state in India in terms of area is _________. d. The river Narmada falls into the ________ sea. e. The latitude that runs almost halfway through India is _________. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Introduction: Understand the heading Climate Vegetation Wildlife Interrelation Weather VS Climate CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Introduction: What we are going to study in this chapter? ❖ Seasons in India Cold weather season Hot weather season South west monsoon season Season of retreating monsoon ❖ Natural Vegetation ❖ Tropical Rainforest ❖ Tropical Deciduous Forests ❖ Thorny Bushes ❖ Mountain Vegetation ❖ Mangrove Forest ❖ Why are forest necessary? ❖ Wildlife ❖ NCERT Solution CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Cold Weather Season or Winter: Winter Season The sun rays do not fall directly in the region. As a result the temperatures are quite low in northern India. Explain CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Hot Weather Season or Summer: Summer Season Sunrays more or less directly fall in India. Temperatures are very high. Hot and dry winds called loo blows during day time. Explain CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Southwest Monsoon Season or Rainy Season: Rainy Season This season is marked by the onset and advance of monsoon. The winds blow from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards the land. They carry moisture with them. When these winds strike the mountain barriers, rainfall occurs Explain CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Season of Retreating Monsoon: Autumn Season Winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of Bengal. Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh receive rainfall in this season. ➔ India Monsoon type of climate. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Season of Retreating Monsoon: Climate depends on - Monsoon type of climate - Location Altitude Advantages Distance from the sea Relief Agriculture in India is dependent on rains. Good monsoons mean adequate rain and a bountiful crop. Difference in climate : Jaisalmer, Drass, Mumbai and Delhi. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Natural Vegetation: Understand the heading Plant Trees, grass, bushes and shrubs. ➔ The grasses, shrubs and trees, which grow on their own without interference or help from human beings are called natural vegetation. Reasons for difference CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Natural Vegetation: ❖ Due to varied climatic conditions, India has a wide range of natural vegetation. Rainfall, Temperature, soil, etc. Tropical evergreen forest Tropical deciduous forest Thorny bushes Mountain vegetation Mangrove forest CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Tropical Rainforest: Tropical + Rainforest ❖ Occur in the area which receive heavy rainfall. ❖ They are so dense that sunlight doesn’t reach the ground. ❖ Species of tree shed their leaves at different times of the year. Evergreen forest ❖ Important trees found in these forests are mahogany, ebony and rosewood. ❖ Andaman and Nicobar Island, parts of North-Eastern states and a narrow strip of the western slope of the Western Ghats are home of these forests. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Tropical Rainforest: Mahogany Tree Ebony Tree CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Tropical Deciduous Forest: ➔ In a large part of our country we have this type of forest. Deciduous forest They are less dense. They shed their leaves in a particular time of the year. Important trees of this forests are sal, teak, peepal, neem and shisham. They are found in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Sal Tree Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Odisha and in parts of Maharashtra. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Tropical Deciduous Forest: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Thorny Bushes: ❖ This type of vegetation are found in dry areas of the country. ❖ The leaves are in the form of spines to reduce the loss of water. ❖ Cactus, Khair, Babool, Keekar are important. ❖ Found in the state of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Eastern Slopes of Western Ghats and Gujarat. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Thorny Bushes: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Mountain Vegetation: ❖Mountain Vegetation Varies according to variation in height. Increase in height ⬆ = Fall in temperature⬇ At a height between 1500 meters and 2500 meters most of the trees Chir Tree are conical in shape. These trees are called coniferous forest. Chir, Pine and Deodar are important trees of these forest. Pine Tree CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Mountain Vegetation: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Mangrove Forests: Mangrove ➔ These forests can survive in saline water. They are found mainly in Sunderbans in West Bengal and in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Sundari is a well known species of trees in mangroves forests after which Sunderbans have been named. Sundari Tree CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Why are Forests Necessary? Forests and We ➔ Forests are very useful for us. Plant release oxygen that we breath and absorb carbon dioxide. The roots of the plant bind the soil; thus they control soil erosion. Forests provide us with timber for furniture, fuel wood, fodder, medicinal plants and herbs, lac, honey, gum, etc. Forests are the natural habitat of wild life. Challenges CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Why are Forests Necessary? CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Why are Forests Necessary? CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Why are Forests Necessary? Natural Vegetation Destroyed to a large extent. Because of reckless cutting of trees. Pollution Changing climate Solutions I. We should plant more trees and protect the existing ones and make people aware of the importance of trees. II. We can have special programmes like Van Mahotsav to involve more people in making our earth green. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Wildlife: Forests Home to variety of wildlife. Thousands of species of animals and a large variety of reptiles, amphibians, mammals, birds, insects and worms which dwell in the forest. The tiger is our national animal. Gir forest in Gujarat is the home of Asiatic lions. Elephants and one-horned rhinoceroses roam in the forests of Assam. Camels and wild asses are found in the Great Indian desert and the Rann of Kachchh respectively. Wild goats, snow leopards, bears, etc. are found in the Himalayan region. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Wildlife: CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Wildlife: ❖ India is equally rich in bird life. The peacock is our national bird. Other common birds are parrots, pigeons, mynah, geese, bulbul and ducks. Bird sanctuaries have been created to give birds their Mynah natural habitat. For protection Geese CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Wildlife: ➔ There are several hundreds of species of snakes found in India. Cobras and kraits are important among them. Challenges Due to cutting of forests and hunting, several species of wildlife of India are declining rapidly. Solution CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE Wildlife: Steps for the protection of wildlife Many national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves have been set up. Project Tiger The Government has also started Project Tiger and Project Elephant to protect these animals. We should refuse to buy things made from parts of the bodies of animals such as their bones, horns, fur, skins, and feathers. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE NCERT Solution: Que 1. Answer the following questions briefly. a. Which winds bring rainfall in India? Why is it so important? Ans. Monsoon winds bring rainfall in India and it is important because these winds bring sufficient rain which helps in growing good crops. b. Name the different seasons in India. Ans. Ans. The different seasons in India are: Cold Weather Season (Winter) Hot Weather Season (Summer) South-West Monsoon Season (Rainy) Season of Retreating Monsoon (Autumn) CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE NCERT Solution: c. What is natural vegetation? Ans. The grasses, shrubs and trees, which grow on their own without interference or help from human being, are called natural vegetation. CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE NCERT Solution: Que 2. Tick the correct answers. a. The world’s highest rainfall occurs in I. Mumbai II. Asansol III. Mawsynram b. Wild goats and snow leopards are found in I. Himalayan region II. Peninsular region III. Gir forests c. During the south west monsoon period, the moisture laden winds blow from - I. Land to sea II. Sea to land III. Plateau to plains CLASS 6th GEOGRAPHY - CHAPTER - INDIA : CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE NCERT Solution: Que 3. Fill in the blanks. a. Hot and dry winds known as _______ blow during the day in the summers. b. The states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu receive a great amount of rainfall during the season of __________. c. ________ forest in Gujarat is the home of __________. Use code - DIGRAJ To get maximum discount on all unacademy subscriptions. (CBSE 6 to 12 / IIT-JEE / NEET-UG / CA-CS / CUET / CLAT / NDA / UPSC) Fill the form given below before taking admission at the unacademy offline centres and get additional discount on all courses. Click here for form link