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Maurya Empire Mauryan Empire: Literary Sources: ❖ Vishnu Purana ❖ Kautilya's Arthashastra Nanda...

Maurya Empire Mauryan Empire: Literary Sources: ❖ Vishnu Purana ❖ Kautilya's Arthashastra Nanda Chandelap ta destroyed ❖ Mudrarakshasa of Visakhadatta. ❖ Kshemendra's Brihatkathamanjari in Jain ❖ Kathasaritsagara of Somdev Parishtipara Test ❖ Buddhist texts such as Divyavadana, Dipavamsa, and Mahavamsa. Kautilya's Arthashastra: Badrabahu Karpa Sutra , Hemachandra's. 3p d ❖ Arthashastra written by Kautilya is the first authentic book on politics and public administration. Pattipuer ❖ According to Arthashastra, Artha (material well-being) is superior to both dharma (spiritual well-being) and Kama (sensual pleasure). ❖ Compiled by R Shamasastry. ❖ Arthashastra comprises fifteen adikaranas or books. ❖ Contains 6000 shlokas (verses). ❖ In Arthashastra, Kautilya considered the state to be made up of seven elements, these are called the Saptanga theory of the state. These seven elements are as follows- Swami means king Amatya means ministers It Tertha Janapada means state area 26 Durga means forts Adhyaksha. Kosha means Treasury Danda means army Mitra means ally & Alander's Megasthenes's Indica:strato plutarch Arion cotemporans 2 , , ❖ Megasthenes was an ambassador who was sent to the court of Chandragupta by the Greek ruler of West ❖ ❖ Asia named Seleucus Nicator. Megasthenes compiled his observations on Mauryan India in the book “Indica.” English translation by Mcrindle. S ❖ Details of Patliputra city and administration Niarchus , Onesicratus , Aristobuly ❖ No slavery in India. S. Archaeological Sources: ❖ The archaeological sources include Ashokan Edicts and inscriptions and material remains such as silver and copper punch-marked coins.  Indica -gathere not originally found Shambak compiled my Morindle English Translation by Patliputra divided I class India in no slavery No script Sandrokotes Maurya - Chandragupta - Ashoka's inscriptions: Major Rock Edicts: The major Rock Edicts of Ashoka along with their locations/places: 1. Kandahar, Afghanistan 2. Yerragudi, Andhra Pradesh 3. Girnar, Gujarat 4. Dhauli, Odisha 5. Jaugada, Odisha 6. Kalsi, Uttarakhand dehradun - S 7. Sopara, Maharashtra 8. Shahbazgarhi, Pakistan 9. Mansehra, Pakistan 10. Sannati, Karnataka Ashoka's inscriptions and Dhamma: ❖ Brahmi, Kharosthi, Prakrit, Aramaic and Greek languages have been used in the inscriptions of Ashoka (deciphered by James Prinsep). Major Rock Edicts: ❖ Major Rock Edict I: Prohibits animal slaughter, especially during festive gatherings. ❖ Major Rock Edict II: Mentions kingdoms of South India and emphasizes care for both humans and animals. ❖ Major Rock Edict III: Orders subordinate officers to spread the Dhamma policy and provides instructions for generosity to Brahmins. ❖ Major Rock Edict IV: Highlights the importance of Dhamma for society. ❖ Major Rock Edict V: Addresses concerns about the treatment of slaves, appoints Dhammamahamatras, and expresses a universalist sentiment ("Every human is my child"). ❖ Major Rock Edict VI: Expresses the king's desire to be informed about the conditions of his people and discusses welfare measures. ❖ Major Rock Edict VII: Instructs tolerance for all religions and condemns sectarianism. ❖ Major Rock Edict VIII: Describes Ashoka's pilgrimage to Bodhgaya and the Bodhi Tree. ❖ Major Rock Edict IX: Condemns popular ceremonies and emphasizes the practice of Dhamma. ❖ Major Rock Edict X: Criticizes seeking fame and glory, emphasizes the merits of Dhamma. ❖ Major Rock Edict XI: Discusses Dhamma policy, emphasizes respect for elders, and advocates for compassion towards all beings. ❖ Rock Edict XII: Calls for tolerance among different religious sects. ❖ Major Rock Edict XIII: Advocates for conquest through Dhamma instead of war. Rock edict XIII mentions the Kalinga war. ❖ Major Rock Edict XIV: Describes the engraving of inscriptions in different parts of the country.  - Ashoka Inscription Guhalph pillar Edicts Lave Barabar D Nagararjuni James Delhi princes - Topara Ashoka's suscription lipi Brahmini , Gree , Kharosti Armaic ,. are in Brahmi script all Inscription - - Rock Edict - Pillar Edict - nor Buddha Rumindi Birth peace of. ↓ ↳ Economic Inscription Sin allest pillar Edict Koshamki Payag - Ashoka wife karuvaki son Tivar. ↳ queen said  Cave Inscription - Beabal Lomas Sudama Karna Vishwa Juopda. - Nagararjuna Gopika Vaniza Vadthika Archaeological secavation , a grand soyal has C been found from. M palace of. Kumrahar & Bulandbagh mas Partia. ↑ - Jedrosia (Makran coast) Paripenisdai (Kabul ( Pillar Edicts: ❖ 6 Major Pillar Edicts: Asoka's 6 Major Pillar Edicts have been found at Kausambhi (Allahabad), Meerut (now Delhi), Lauriya-Araraj, Lauriya-Nandangarh, Rampurva (Champaran), and on the Delhi-Topra pillar. ↳ Binar - > zinar ❖ The minor pillar edicts are the Schism Edict, Queen's Edict, Rummindei Edict, and Nigali Sagar Edict. Chandragupta Maurya: Androkotts : - Plutarch ❖ The founder of the Mauryan Empire was Chandragupta Maurya. ❖ Chandragupta Maurya, at the young age of 25, captured Pataliputra from the last ruler of the Nanda dynasty, Dhanananda. ❖ Chandragupta Maurya is called Sandrocottus by Greek scholars, Justin. , strato ❖ Chandragupta Maurya was identified by William Jones as Sandrocottus. Aria (Neeat) E ❖ In 305 BC, Chandragupta Maurya defeated Seleucus Nicator. CG Asrosia get , (Kandahar) ❖ In 303 BC, a treaty was signed between Chandragupta Maurya and Seleucus. ❖ According to this treaty, Seleucus married his daughter "Helena" to Chandragupta Maurya. Chandragupta Maurya also gifted 500 elephants to Seleucus and Seleucus gave four states in dowry to Chandragupta Maurya. C G got help from Parvataka king. ❖ Seleucus sent his ambassador Megasthenes to the Maurya court.. ❖ Chandragupta Maurya abdicated the throne in favor of his son Bindusara and went to Karnataka with the Jain monk Bhadrabahu and sacrificed his life in the Sallekhana ritual. Bradrashal Commander - Achievements of Chandragupta Maurya: ❖ ❖ Liberated India from Greek rule. Ended the tyrannical rule of the Nanda dynasty. Dhananedra ❖ Unified India politically. ❖ Established a welfare state. ❖ Expanded the empire from the Hindukush mountains to the Kaveri River. Extension of State: ❖ Chandragupta tried to establish a sovereign power over whole of India. He ruled in the North from Afganistan, Peshawar, Kandhar to Bengal in the east. ❖ Western India: He extended his power even in Western India also. It is stated in some of the sources that he had his rule even in Saurashtra also. He had appointed Pushpagupta, a vaishya Amatya as its governor. Pushyagupta constructed Sudarshan lake by construct- ing dams on the rivers flowing from Girnar mountain in Girinagar (Junagadh) in Saurashtra. Rudramann gsep. ❖ Southern India: The Mauryan Empire's influence also reached into southern regions such as Konkan, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and beyond, indicating a comprehensive control over large parts of the Indian peninsula. Ahmanar ; Mamaloor ❖ Northwest Territories: Beyond India, Chandragupta Maurya's authority extended into western Gandhara (modern-day Afghanistan), highlighting the expansive nature of the Mauryan Empire's sovereignty.  Sudane - Governor Pushyagupta I Carsh C. G M. mansya - Ashok Tushasph Canal- Suvishakha Isaka) Rudhaman Repaired - (own Money) Chatrapalita Repaired T Vishnu Mandis J smangupta 2 gupta) did Son ↓ Purnadatta Above things - - CG has these not in his empire. - Tamil Nada Kerala Kashmir , Kalinga , ,. End of Chandragupta Maurya: ❖ Chandragupta spent the last time of his life with Jain Muni Bhadrabahu in Shravan Belgauda of Mysore (now Karnataka). He died in 297 BC. Description about Chandragupta's 24 years rule over state and his adoption of Jainism in the last years of his life, is found in Jain Puranas. Sanle Kha method died Bindusara: - AivaR Set Ko Follow knta tha ❖ Bindusara was the son of Chandragupta Maurya and the father of King Ashoka. P destroyer of ❖ Bindusara has been called Amitrochates in Greek texts (whose Sanskrit translation is Amitraghat), chemy Madrasar in Vayu Purana and Simhasen in Jain texts. Bhadrasara. ❖ Even during the time of Bindusara, friendly relations were being established with the western Greek states. ❖ Bindusara had contact with the Seleucid Syrian king Antiochus I, who sent Deimachus as ambassador to his (Bindusara) court. Bindusara asked to Antiochus I asking for sweet wine, dried figs and a sophist. ❖ According to Pliny, the Egyptian ruler Ptolemy II Philadelphus sent an ambassador named Dionysius to the Mauryan court at Pataliputra in India. ❖ According to Divyavadana, during the time of Bindusara, there were two rebellions in Takshashila (province), to suppress which Ashoka was sent for the first time and Sushima for the second time. Ashoka: 243-232 BC : Governe Avantil Vishali 3 ❖ We get the initial information about Ashoka's life from Buddhist texts like Divyavadana and Sinhalese Anu Shruti. ❖ According to Jain tradition, Ashoka took over the rule of Magadha against the wishes of Bindusara. ❖ - Ashoka was appointed the governor of - Takilla and Ujjain during the reign of - Bindusara. - ❖ Ashoka has been addressed as "Devanampiya" in his inscriptions. ❖ In the Bhabru inscription he is called Piyadassi while in the Maski inscription he is called "Buddha Shakya". ❖ The name Ashoka is mentioned in four of his inscriptions- Maski Gurjara Nettur Udegolam Patardika/Dhamma / mother's Name : subhdrange wige : Deepransha & Mahavasha - Vaidish Mahadevi -- son daughte Mahendra ❖ Apart from this, the name Ashoka is also mentioned in the Junagadh inscription of Rudradaman. Sanguitra ❖ Ashoka had a love marriage with Mahadevi (daughter of a businessman from Vidisha). ❖ Queens Asandhimitra, Padmavati and Tishyarakshita are also mentioned in Buddhist texts. ❖ The Karuvaki or Queen's Inscription, also known as the Allahabad Pillar Inscription, mentions the same queen Karuvaki of Ashoka where Karuvaki is described as the mother of Tivar, the only son of Ashoka. ❖ The Hellenistic contemporaries of Ashoka were Antiochus II of Syria, Ptolemy II of Egypt, Antigonus of Macedonia, Magus of Libya and Alexander of Epirus. (As all these are mentioned in 13 separate inscriptions of Ashoka). ❖ Ashoka organized the third Buddhist council in Pataliputra. ❖ According to tradition and as mentioned in the Mahavamsa and Dipavamsa, Ashoka was converted to Buddhism by his nephew Nigrodha. ❖ Ashoka adopted Buddhism under Upagupta in about 263 BC. ❖ For the first time during the reign of Ashoka, Buddhism went out of India as Mahendra (Ashoka’s son) and Sanghamitra (Ashoka’s daughter) went to Sri Lanka as preachers of Buddhism. Maurya Administration: Important officials of Mauryan Administration: ❖ Panyadhyaksha (Officer in charge of trade, price fixation, and sale of goods produced by state-run ~ manufacturing units) I on Throne 273 BC ❖ Agronomoi: Chief official of road construction. ❖ Sansthadhyaksha (Superintendent of markets) ❖ Rupadarshaka (Inspector of coins) ❖ Pautavadhyaksha (In charge of standardised weights and measures) coronation 269 BC ❖ Samahartri (Chief collector of revenue) & ❖ Samnidhatri (Treasurer) as per Deerama ❖ Akaradhyaksha (Mining Officer) & Maharamsa ❖ Lakshanadhyaksha (Coin minting) Bindusara.  Book U of Taranath - kived his 99 an Rebellion - Taxila had w Brothers. - Name : son 8 Daughter "Divyavandana - Tishyarakshita Inscription : Karuwaki - Son-Tivar PW Web/App: https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4 Dangl-Chamumali  Ba Kalinga Victory 261 maybe Nandakaj king. Battle 13th Rock Details of a coronation year of. died 000 ⑫ 100 150 , 000 Arrested. shor conversion Depranshu Maharansha] < year move - Nigrote then Asholla Contact in came of mogali Multa Tissa & converted it to Buddhism converted by In Divyardana - > He feen as Upagrepta - of - Proof converted Ashoka he to. Buddha Dhamma & Bhaben : I beleived in , Sanga. Sarath , Sachi , Kosambi : Minor Pillah edict Rajtarigini-serivate - Ashoka's Dharma. ===== ------- - 2 -- Quest 2 1 - Any. great weare , kindness, charity , Truthfulnes , piocesness , , gentleness Virtuousness. Conduct - Code Fr Successors - - Baudh Kunal - Coust" Ajivika Cave in Dashrath- - Beabar & Nagalarium = amprati- Jain-probably faced attack of inde. greek Beinadeath - ? killed by - Pusha mitra - Sunga.  Mauryan Adm - Central Adwe :- Council of Minister 2 ↳ manti Parishad I office -- Tirtha Adyaksha. Precis ane local Adm.