Civil Rights PDF

Civil Rights Objective In this lesson, you will examine rights that are granted and protected by the Constitution. Foundations of Equality principles Equality under the law stands as one of the founding ______________ of...

Civil Rights Objective In this lesson, you will examine rights that are granted and protected by the Constitution. Foundations of Equality principles Equality under the law stands as one of the founding ______________ of the United States. inequality Slavery is an important example of _________________ in early US history. The words slave and slavery do not appear in the Constitution, but the document clearly allowed for slavery. wrong Many of the Founding Fathers, including those who owned slaves, believed that slavery was ____________. Dred In the landmark _____________ Scott _____________ case, the Supreme Court decided blacks that ___________ —both slave and free— "cannot be, nor ever were intended to be citizens ____________." This finding carried particular importance because it meant that the Scott plaintiff, a slave named Dred _____________ held no legal standing and therefore property could not sue his master. In addition, because slaves were considered ____________, Fifth their owners maintained rights protected by the __________ Amendment that the Supreme Court could not overturn. Missouri The Supreme Court went even further and struck down an important law, the_______________ Compromise, slavery that banned ____________ in parts of the US territories. Slavery wasn't the only area in which inequality existed in the early United States. Separate roles for men and women ___________ suffrage were ingrained in society. A movement for women's ______________ grew throughout the vote 1800s, however, and women were granted the right to _________ in 1920. The Aftermath of the Civil War slavery The Civil War offered the United States the opportunity to abolish ____________ blacks and give ____________ amendments equal rights under the law. After the war, Congress passed three important civil rights __________________ Constitution to the __________________. However, the government lacked the political will to protect the rights of blacks. pseudoslavery As a result, ____________________ developed in some states, where local and state governments enacted discrimination laws that discriminated against blacks. These systems of _____________________ became a part of life in South many former slave states of the ____________. Fourteenth Amendment: Equal Protection equality The Fourteenth Amendment contains the Constitution's clearest statement of ______________: "No state shall... deny to any person within its jurisdiction equal protection of the laws." This sentence, known as the protection equal ________________ discriminating clause, prohibits the government from ____________________ on the basis of unreasonable "__________________" classifications, such as race. voting In the late 1800s, however, many states passed laws that restricted ___________ for African Americans. These literacy laws included _______________ tests and poll taxes intended to keep African Americans from voting and out of politics. The Fourtheenth Amendment guaranteed the rights granted by the Bill of Rights to all people born or naturalized in the United States. Jim Crow discrimination Many states passed laws that established legal ____________________ against blacks and other minorities _________________. system These laws are known as Jim Crow laws or the Jim Crow ___________. segregation States and local governments used Jim Crow laws to enforce ____________________, or the separation of seperate different peoples. The laws mandated _____________ hotels, buses, schools, parks, bathrooms, and drinking interracial fountains for blacks and whites. Local and state governments even banned ________________ marriage. South Although often associated exclusively with the __________, Jim Crow laws existed in about half of all states. Asian California, for instance, passed 17 such laws, most of which were aimed at _____________ Americans. "Separate but Equal" Plessy v. endorsed legal segregation in the 1896 case _________ The Supreme Court effectively _____________ Ferguson _______________, Louisiana which upheld a _________________ law requiring separate rail cars for blacks and whites. The Supreme Court argued that segregation did not violate the equal protection clause because the separate equal facilities for blacks were ___________ to those of whites. The Civil Rights Era The Supreme Court, began to reverse its position on civil rights in the 1930s. Over the next few decades, the Supreme Court increasingly demanded that separate facilities for blacks be fact equal in _________, theory not just in _____________. The historic turning point in the Supreme Court's thinking on segregation occurred in 1954 with the landmark Brown case ____________ schools v. Board of Education, which involved segregated public _____________ in four states. desegregate The Court ordered the states to _____________________ (or integrate) their public schools "with all speed deliberate _____________."  Brown The ___________ v. Board of Education decision was the culmination of a well-planned legal campaign on the NAACP part of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (___________). Activists founded the NAACP in 1909 to combat severe ___________________ __________ discrimination African and violence against ____________ Americans. interpretation of the Despite the revolution in the Supreme Court's ________________ Constitution __________________ in the 1950s, segregation did not end overnight. In the following years, the court struck down a number of other Jim Crow laws, but implementing the states dragged their feet in _____________________ the changes. The enforce Supreme Court lacked the power to ____________ its own decisions and therefore had to rely on the other two branches of government to do so. Executive Authority The president possesses some independent power to make policy, mostly derived from his authority over law enforcement and the ___________ ________________ armed forces. Several presidents used their authority to implement protect desegregation and ______________ civil rights: military In 1948, President Harry S. Truman issued an executive order desegregating the US ______________. Eisenhower In 1957, President Dwight D. ________________ decided to use federal troops to enforce integration school at a _____________ in Little Rock, Arkansas. South President John F. Kennedy sent federal marshals and troops to the _____________ to keep order and protect _____________ protesters civil rights ___________________. The Civil Rights Movement discrimination In the 1950s and 1960s, African Americans and other opponents of ____________________ began publicly Martin demanding their rights. Dr. ___________ Luther ___________ King ________ Jr., a charismatic black minister from Montgomery, Alabama, spearheaded the movement. On December 1, 1955, an African American seamstress named Rosa Parks was returning home from her job in Montgomery, Alabama. She was seated in the colored section — the rear of the bus assigned to African Americans. On her route home, a white man boarded the bus, and with no seats available in the Whites Only section, he ordered Parks to vacate her seat. Rosa Parks refused. She was arrested and fined, prompting a boycott of the Montgomery city bus system. Dr. King and other leaders of the civil rights movement understood that fundamental change would only occur supported their cause. They organized protests and acts of civil _______________ if the American people ____________ disobedience attention designed to draw public ________________ to the oppression of blacks, particularly in the South. The high point of this effort was the 1963 March on Washington, at which Dr. King delivered his Dream moving "I Have a ___________" speech. Congressional Legislation Civil The Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960 created the United States ________ Rights __________ Commission and voting provided for federal __________ referees. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 further protected voting rights by discriminatory registration requirements. banning all ________________ Voting Seeing the problems with the previous acts, Congress passed the ___________ Rights Act of 1965. The act federal required the ______________ voting government to preapprove, or preclear, any ____________ law changes in sates ______________ discrimination had been the most severe. where voting _________________ The Civil Rights Acts discrimination The Civil Rights Act of 1964 became the flagship of legislation passed to outlaw _____________________ during the 1960s. The act and its amendments prohibited the following: public discrimination in "___________ accommodations" on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin employers _______________ and labor unions from discriminating on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, or physical handicap federal any program that received __________________ funds from discriminating on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, or physical handicap housing The Civil Rights Act of 1968 also banned ______________ discrimination. government The acts prohibited racial and gender discrimination by the _____________________ and banned private housing discrimination in ____________ employment and _____________________. Impact of the Civil Rights Movement racial The Civil Rights Acts prohibited not only __________ discrimination but also most discrimination based on gender ___________, religion, and physical handicap. Women's Rights Nineteenth A key moment for women's rights came in 1920 with the passage of the __________________ Amendment, sufferage granting women _____________, or voting rights. Equal In 1923, feminist groups proposed an __________ Rights ____________ Amendment ___________________ gender (ERA) prohibiting any discrimination on the basis of _______________. Those in favor of the amendment argued that it was necessary to guarantee equal protection for women. Betty Friedan and other women's rights advocates started the National Organization for Women (NOW), which became a leading group in the fight for women's equality in the United States.  approved By 1980, the ERA had been _______________ by Congress and 35 states, three short of the ratification 38 needed for ___________________. Unable to gain the full 38 states needed to ratify it, cutoff the ERA was _______________ after a 1982 cutoff date came and went. American Indian Movement The American Indian Movement (AIM) was formed in the wake of the civil rights movement. poverty Issues of importance to AIM included ______________, violence _______________ perpetrated against tribes, and the relationship between tribes and the US government. Rights of Hispanic and Latin Americans largest Hispanics and Latinos make up the ____________ and fastest growing minority group in the United States. Bilingual Congress enacted the _______________ Education _________________ Act (1962) to provide schooling for children who were not native English speakers or had trouble with the English language. Following close behind, the quota Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 removed the __________ system from immigration controls. Rights of Disabled Citizens The Rehabilitation Act prohibits: funds o discrimination in any organization or program that receives federal _________. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) mandates: accomadations o employers must make "reasonable ___________________" for workers with disabilities access o public buildings must make modifications to ensure _____________ for people with disabilities transportation o public ___________________, communication ____________________, and other public services must be accessible to people with disabilities. ______________ Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights homosexuals in the armed services but In 1993, President Bill Clinton tried to ban discrimination against _______________ Ask had to settle for the so-called Don't _______, Tell Don't ________ policy. This policy stated that gays and lesbians asked would no longer be __________ barred about their sexual preferences but would be ___________ from the service if revealed their orientation. A federal judge ruled the law ____________________ they ____________ unconstitutional in 2010. Defense of _______________ In 1996, Congress passed the ___________ Marriage Act (DOMA), allowing states to refuse to same sex marriages granted under the laws of other states. In 2004, ___________________ recognize ________-______ Massachusetts became the first state to legally recognize gay and lesbian marriages. Since then, other states have followed. Political Structures The Supreme Court has often had to rule on contemporary issues that the Framers of the Constitution probably never imagined. Knowledge Article: Reproductive Rights Section: Griswold v. Connecticut and the Constitutional Right of Privacy birth At issue in the case was the constitutionality of a Connecticut law criminalizing the use of ________ control _____________ by married couples. The court concluded that the right of privacy was implied by the Constitution. Because the use of marital privacy, the Connecticut law was unconstitutional. contraceptives fell within the zone of __________ Section: Roe v. Wade and the Right to Abortion The court concluded that the constitutional right of privacy established in Griswold was “broad enough terminate to encompass a woman’s decision whether or not to ________________ nancypreg her ________________.” The ruling also declared, however, that a state could still place reasonable restrictions on abortion, third such as outlawing abortion in the ________ trimester of pregnancy. abortion The court declared all existing state laws that outlawed _____________ entirely to be unconstitutional. Summary What are some examples of laws that restricted the civil rights of African Americans, women, or other groups? Jim Crow laws restricted the civil rights of Afrcan Americans and then the 1964 Civil Rights Act that adressed racial and gender discrimination.