Civics Notebook - Unit One
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Uploaded by DefeatedDialogue8129
MAZZ
2024
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This is a notebook from Civics class, focusing on the concepts of government, citizenship, and naturalization. It covers topics like responsibilities, rights, and processes including naturalization and rule of law. The document appears to be part of a curriculum or study aid rather than a past paper.
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Unit one Civics- The study of government and citizenship. overnment- an organization that makes rules, settlesdisputes, and G protects the citizens to keep citizens safe. Citizen- a legally recognized member of a community. TWO MAIN QUESTIONS YOU WILL ANSWER THIS YEAR IN CIVICS!!...
Unit one Civics- The study of government and citizenship. overnment- an organization that makes rules, settlesdisputes, and G protects the citizens to keep citizens safe. Citizen- a legally recognized member of a community. TWO MAIN QUESTIONS YOU WILL ANSWER THIS YEAR IN CIVICS!!! 1)What is the purpose and function of our United States and Florida Government ? 2)What are the responsibilities and obligations of a United States citizen? itizens have rights, but those rights are limited. Citizens also have C obligations and responsibilities. U.S. Citizen Obligations: (must do) Pay taxes Serve on a Jury Obey the laws Defend the nation (Selective Service System) U.S. Citizen Responsibilities (should do) VOTING. Staying informed. attending civic meetings. Petitioning the government. Run for office. Perform Community Service for the common good. aturalization-is a process through which a personcan become a N citizen of a country. law of blood-the rule that a person's citizenshipis determined by their parents' citizenship law of soil-the rule that a person's citizenshipis determined by their place of birth rocess for Naturalization: P 1.Must be at least 18 years old. 2.Have lived in the U.S. for 5 years legally. 3.Apply for naturalization. 4.Must be a good citizen. 5.Pass an interview and test. 6.Take the oath of allegiance to the United States Constitution. ue processthe principle that no person can be deprivedof life, d liberty, or property without fair legal procedures and safeguards. (It is the process citizens have when accused of a crime) immigranta person who moves to a country to livethere permanently rule of lawthe principle that those who govern arebound by the laws, meaning that no one is above the law citizenshiplegal membership to a state or country;gives members, known as citizens, certain rights and duties Selective Service Systemthe U.S. government agencythat maintains information about those eligible to serve in the armed forces. Although the military is voluntary, young men must register with this agency shortly after they turn 18 in case they are needed for military service. THIS IS A PART OF THE OBLIGATIONS FOR MALE U.S. CITIZENS. HAT IS THE RULE OF LAW??? W Easy definition is…. NO ONE IS ABOVE THE LAW!!!! due process- rights citizens have certain when theyare accused of a crime. rule of law- no one is above the law. t ransparency- (something that is seen thru) citizens are able to know what the government is doing. arbitrary-unrestrainedand autocratic in the useof authority. Characteristics of rule of law ○ consistent application and law, decisions based on the law, transparency of institutions. upremacy Clause- S According to Article VI in the Constitution, the U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land in the United States. No state laws can conflict with the U.S. Constitution. he goal ofrule of lawis to make sure thatno individualcitizen or T leader is above the lawand that laws give the governmentits power. , emocracy- Form of government in which the peoplehave the D power. We the People- First three words in the U.S. Constitution. The three Sections of the U.S. Constitution are : Preamble (introduction) Articles (7) Amendments (27) ill of rights- first ten amendments in the U.S.Constitution. b These are protections for our individual rights and freedoms. tyrant-a cruel and oppressive ruler. UNIT 2 NOTES heancient Greeksestablished the world’s firstdirect T democracies. Polis- Greek City-states which wereself-governingcommunities that existed all throughout ancient Greece. elf-governmentthe idea that thepeopleare thesource of s governmental power. ncient Romewas founded on the idea that thepeopleare the A source of governmental power. Republicanform of government - the people give powerto leaders they elect to represent them and their interests. The Romans created theREPRESENTATIVEform of Democracy udeo-Christiantradition and the religious ideasthey were raised J with, and that many of them followed, for the types of values a government should hold. The Bible served as important guidance for the qualities and virtues ofequality,individual worth, justice, and personal responsibility. ivic Participation-the involvement of individualsin local, state, C and national government. Civic involvement can include voting, political activism, volunteering, and community engagement. agna Carta- (1215) laws created by the citizensof England to M LIMIT THE MONARCH'S POWER. ayflower Compact- (1620) created by the Pilgrimsfrom M England. Example ofSELF GOVERNMENT. nglish Bill of Rights-(1689) Influenced the FoundingFathers to E add the Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution. The B of R’s protect citizens rights and freedoms, limiting the power of the government. homas Paine's pamphlet “COMMON SENSE” (1776) pamphlet T that encouraged the colonists to rebel against England andform a new government and create a new government politically independentfrom England. CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED. he Enlightenmentwas a period of time when peopledeveloped T new ideas about human existence, including peoples’ basic rights and the level of control they should have over their government and their futures. nlightenment thinkers believed that human beings are born with E fundamental, basic rights. Thesenatural rightsincludedthe right to life, liberty, property, and the freedom to find happiness. ne Enlightenment idea was thesocial contract: citizensgive up O some freedom and in exchange the government protects citizens’ right to life, liberty, and property. r epublicanism– the idea that a country’s leader shouldbe chosen by the citizens in a general election. ohn Lockeimagined a set ofnatural rightsthat humanbeings J share. These are the right to life, liberty, and property. Locke influencedTHOMAS JEFFERSON’Swriting of the Declaration of Independence. e also had the idea of asocial contractwhich happens between H a government and its people. The people agree to give up some freedoms if the government agrees to protect everyone’s rights. ontesquieu's ideawasseparation of powers. Thegovernment M is divided into parts, and each part has its own purpose. Our government has three branches!!! ct- another name for a law A Quartering Act- Colonists were required to houseBritish soldiers. Stamp Act- tax on all paper documents Tea Act- tax on tea that lead to the Boston Tea Party Taxation without representation- (motto / slogan)colonists were upset about being taxed without representation in Parliament. lter- to change. A Abolish- to end, get rid of. Ratify- to approve. Quartering Act- Colonists were required to houseBritish soliders. Greivence -Complaint Unalienable rights- rights that can not be takenaway by the government. Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness. rticles of Confederation- First constitution ofthe United States. A IT FAILED and was replaced by the U.S. Constitution. Confederation-a system of government where poweris located with the independent states and there is little power in the central government. Weaknesses of the A of C : States had all the power. The National Government could not tax. National government had a very weak military. States were acting as independent countries. A of C needed unanimous approval to amend it. There was no Executive or Judicial branch. Shays Rebellion- Revolt of Massachusetts farmersthat proved the National Government was not strong enough to protect U.S. citizens.
