Civics Unit One: Government and Citizenship
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Questions and Answers

What does the slogan 'Taxation without representation' signify for the colonists?

  • They believed they should be represented in Parliament for any tax imposed. (correct)
  • They supported British rule and all associated taxes.
  • They wanted representation only for local issues.
  • They were against all forms of taxation.

Which statement best describes the concept of 'unalienable rights'?

  • Rights that can be modified by the government.
  • Rights that are only applicable to certain groups within society.
  • Inherent rights that cannot be taken away by the government. (correct)
  • Rights that every citizen must earn through service.

What was one significant weakness of the Articles of Confederation?

  • Each state held all the power with no centralized authority. (correct)
  • It had a clear process for amending the constitution.
  • The national government could levy taxes effectively.
  • It allowed for a strong executive branch.

Which of the following describes the primary role of the separation of powers in government?

<p>To ensure all branches of government operate independently. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the cause and effect of Shays' Rebellion?

<p>It was a farmer's revolt that demonstrated the weaknesses of the national government. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered an obligation of U.S. citizens?

<p>Serving on a jury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle ensures that no one is above the law?

<p>Rule of law (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a step in the naturalization process?

<p>Pass an interview and test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the responsibilities citizens should undertake?

<p>Voting in elections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does one acquire citizenship through the law of soil?

<p>By being born in the country (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which issue is addressed by the due process principle?

<p>Legal procedures in criminal cases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Selective Service System?

<p>To maintain information about those eligible for the armed forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a citizen?

<p>A legally recognized member of a community (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required of male U.S. citizens shortly after turning 18?

<p>They must register with a specific agency for potential military service. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'rule of law' signify in a democratic society?

<p>That no individual is above the law. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Supremacy Clause establish?

<p>The U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the rule of law?

<p>Decisions based on arbitrary rulings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes democracy as a form of government?

<p>The people have the authority to govern. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

<p>To protect individual rights and freedoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What political ideology emphasizes the idea of self-government?

<p>Republicanism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ancient Greeks are credited with establishing what form of governance?

<p>Direct democracies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Rule of Law

No one is above the law; laws are consistently applied and institutions are transparent.

Due Process

Rights citizens have when accused of a crime.

Transparency

Citizens can see what the government is doing.

Supremacy Clause

US Constitution is the highest law of the land.

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Democracy

People hold power in government.

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Bill of Rights

First ten amendments protecting individual rights and freedom.

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Self-government

People are the source of government power.

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Republican form of government

Citizens elect leaders to represent their interests.

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Polis

Ancient Greek city-state.

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Draft Registration

Requirement for male US citizens to register with the government.

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Civics

The study of government and citizenship.

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Government

An organization that makes rules, settles disputes, and protects citizens.

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Citizen

A legally recognized member of a community.

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U.S. Citizen Obligations

Things a U.S. citizen must do, such as pay taxes, obey laws, serve on a jury, and defend the nation.

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U.S. Citizen Responsibilities

Things a U.S. citizen should do, such as voting, staying informed, attending civic meetings, petitioning the government, running for office, and performing community service.

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Naturalization

The process of becoming a citizen of a country.

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Law of Blood

Citizenship determined by parents' citizenship.

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Law of Soil

Citizenship determined by place of birth.

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Naturalization Process

Steps to become a citizen: 18 years old, lived in the U.S. 5 years legally, apply for naturalization, be a good citizen, pass an interview and test, and take an oath.

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Due Process

Fair legal procedures and safeguards; citizens' rights when accused of a crime.

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Immigrant

A person who moves to a country to live there permanently.

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Rule of Law

The principle that those who govern are bound by the laws, no one is above the law.

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Citizenship

Legal membership to a state or country; gives members rights and duties.

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Selective Service System

U.S. agency that maintains information about those eligible for armed forces service.

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Separation of Powers

Dividing government power among different branches.

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Branches of Government

The different parts of the U.S. government: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.

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Act

Another name for a law.

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Quartering Act

Colonists forced to house British soldiers.

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Stamp Act

Tax on paper documents.

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Tea Act

Tax on tea.

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Taxation without Representation

Colonists' complaint about being taxed without a voice in Parliament.

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Alter

To change.

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Abolish

To end, get rid of something.

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Ratify

To approve.

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Grievance

A complaint.

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Unalienable Rights

Rights that cannot be taken away: life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness.

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Articles of Confederation

First U.S. constitution, but failed.

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Confederation

A system of government where states have more power than a central government.

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Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation

Problems with the first U.S. Constitution (e.g., states had too much power, weak military).

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Shays' Rebellion

Farmers' revolt showing the weakness of the national government.

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Study Notes

Unit One: Civics

  • Civics is the study of government and citizenship.
  • Government is an organization that makes rules, settles disputes, and protects citizens.
  • A citizen is a legally recognized member of a community.
  • Key questions for the year include: what is the purpose and function of the U.S. and Florida government? and what are the responsibilities and obligations of a U.S. citizen?
  • Citizens have rights but also obligations.
  • U.S. Citizen Obligations (must do):
    • Pay taxes
    • Serve on a jury
    • Obey the law
    • Defend the nation (Selective Service System)
  • U.S. Citizen Responsibilities (should do):
    • Voting
    • Staying informed
    • Attending civic meetings
    • Petitioning the government
    • Running for office
    • Performing community service

Naturalization

  • Naturalization is the process of becoming a citizen of a country.
  • Law of Blood: A person's citizenship is determined by their parents' citizenship.
  • Law of Soil: A person's citizenship is determined by their place of birth.
  • Process for Naturalization:
    • Be at least 18 years old
    • Have lived in the U.S. legally for 5 years
    • Apply for naturalization
    • Be a good citizen
    • Pass an interview and test
    • Take the oath of allegiance to the U.S. Constitution

Rule of Law

  • Rule of law: No one is above the law.
  • Due process: Principle that no person can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without fair legal procedures.
  • Citizenship: Legal membership in a state or country.

Transparency and Authority

  • Transparency: Citizens can understand what the government is doing.
  • Arbitrary: Unrestrained and autocratic use of authority.
  • Characteristics of rule of law: consistent application of the law, decisions based on the law, and transparency of institutions.

Supremacy Clause

  • U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land.
  • No state laws can conflict with the U.S. Constitution.

Democracy and Power

  • Democracy: People have the power.
  • We the People: First three words of the U.S. Constitution.

Unit Two: Historical Influences

  • Ancient Greeks established the world's first direct democracies.
    • Polis: Self-governing communities in ancient Greece.
    • Self-government: The idea that the people are the source of governmental power.
  • Ancient Rome: Developed a form of representative democracy.
    • Republican form of government: The people choose leaders to represent their interests.
  • Bill of Rights: First 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, protecting individual rights and freedoms.
  • Tyranny: Cruel and oppressive ruler.

Judeo-Christian Tradition

  • Values and virtues like equality, individual worth, justice, and responsibility.

Civic Participation

  • Involvement in local, state, and national government activities such as voting, activism, and community involvement.

Historical Documents, Influences, and Concepts

  • Magna Carta (1215): Laws created by the citizens of England to limit the monarch's power.
  • Mayflower Compact (1620): Example of self-government.
  • English Bill of Rights (1689): Influenced the Founding Fathers.
  • Thomas Paine's Common Sense (1776): Pamphlet advocating for colonial independence.

Enlightenment

  • Period of new ideas about human existence, including basic rights and control over government.
  • Enlightenment thinkers believed that human beings are born with natural rights (life, liberty, property, pursuit of happiness).
  • Social contract: citizens give up some freedom to secure rights and protections by a government.
  • Republicanism: Leader elected by the citizen body
  • John Locke: Imagined natural rights (life, liberty, and property). Influenced Thomas Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence.

Events Leading to the U.S. Constitution

  • Acts: Laws passed by the British government
  • Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act: Examples of disputes over colonial rights and taxation
  • Taxation without representation: Colonists' opposition to taxes without a voice in Parliament.
  • Grievances: Complaints of unfair treatment
  • Unalienable rights: Rights that cannot be taken away from citizens.

Articles of Confederation

  • First U.S. constitution.
  • States held most power.
  • Central government was weak.
  • Shays' Rebellion: Revolt by farmers in Massachusetts that highlighted the weakness of the central government.

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Civics Notebook - Unit One

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This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of civics, including the roles of government, the rights and responsibilities of U.S. citizens, and the naturalization process. It addresses key questions regarding the purpose of government and citizen obligations. Test your knowledge on these essential civic concepts.

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